dyslexia: from symptoms to solutions
DESCRIPTION
What is dyslexia? How can I know the symptoms and affects on reading? Are there real solutions that can help my students or child?For answers to these and other questions, we are offering a free, exclusive web presentation on dyslexia.TRANSCRIPT
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Reading Horizons presents:
Dyslexia: From Symptoms to
Solutions
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“Dyslexia is not a disease to have
and to be cured of, but a way of
thinking and learning. Often it’s a gifted mind waiting to be found and
taught.”
-Girard Sagmiller, “Dyslexia My Life”
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Dyslexia: A significant reading
disability in people with normal
intelligence.
There is now definite proof that
dyslexia is a very real neurological
disorder.
What is dyslexia?
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Yale Studywith
Magnetic Resonance Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI)Imaging (MRI)
61 Students: 29 Dyslexic
Dyslexia
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Primary visualcortex
Superior
temporal
gyrusUnimpaired
Student
Inferior
frontal
gyrus
Angural
gyrus
Visual Visual
perceptionperception
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Inferior frontal
gyrus
(Attempts to convert
visual information
into sounds)
Dyslexic
Student
Visual Visual
perceptionperception
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Dyslexic students “can learn
these relationships with intensive
phonics training. . . After more
than a century of frustration, it
has now been shown that the
brain can be rewired.”
Dr. Sally Shaywitz
Research Shows:
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Knopf Publishing, New York (2003)
ISBN: 0-375-40012-5
Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Sally Shaywitz
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Word Processing and Storage
• Word Form Storage: phonological (sound), orthographical (symbol), morphological (roots and affixes, parts of speech)
• Phonological Loop: time-sensitive coordination of phonological codes (eye to Mouth to ear)
• Orthographic Loop: time-sensitive coordination of orthographic codes (ear to HAND to eye)
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Symptoms of Dyslexia
• Difficulty linking letters with sounds
• Difficulty with multi-syllable words
• Fluency and rhythm of reading
• Poor spelling
• Poor handwriting
• Difficulties learning a foreign language
• In emotional pain
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Dyslexia’s effects on reading
• Trouble reading unfamiliar words
• Omitting parts of words when reading
• Fear of reading out loud
• Reading is slow and tiring
• A reliance on context to discern meaning
• Oral reading is choppy and labored
• Avoidance of reading for pleasure
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Key to success…
• Avoid as much frustration as possible
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Working Memory
Working memory, or executive function, helps a student do several things:
– Filter inputs so they know what information to pay attention to,
– Prioritize inputs so they know what information is most important,
– Categorize inputs so they know what types of information they are working with, and
– Connect inputs to previous knowledge so they know how new information relates to what they already know.
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Solutions
• Teach Orton-Gillingham Principles
– Multi-sensory
– Systematic
– Logical sequence
– Oral language
– Written language
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Solutions
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“Systematic phonics instruction has been used widely over a long period of time with positive results, and a variety of systematic phonics programs have proven effective with children of different ages, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds. These facts and finding provide converging evidence that explicit, systemic phonics instruction is a valuable and essential part of successful reading program.”
~ National Reading Panel Report
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Types of assessments
http://athome.readinghorizons.com/assessments/index.aspx
• Word Recognition
• Phonemic Awareness
• Most Common Word
• Word Segmentation
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Should I get my child tested?
Cons
•Fear of “label”
•Expensive
•Where to get a
test?
Pros
•Diagnosis provides
help by law
•Understand solution
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Appropriate Reading Rates
Reading fluency, as defined by Dr. Neil Anderson, is "reading at an appropriate rate with adequate comprehension" (Anderson, 2008, p. 3).
What is an “appropriate rate?”
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Silent Reading Rates
1st grade: 80 wpm
2nd grade: 115 wpm
3rd grade: 138 wpm
4th grade: 158 wpm
5th grade: 173 wpm
6th grade: 185 wpm
7th grade: 195 wpm
8th grade: 204 wpm
9th grade: 214 wpm
10th grade: 224 wpm
11th grade: 237 wpm
12th grade: 250 wpm
College or University: 280 wpm
Oral Reading Rates
1st grade: 53 wpm
2nd grade: 89 wpm
3rd grade: 107 wpm
4th grade: 123 wpm
5th grade: 139 wpm
6th grade: 150 wpm
7th grade: 150 wpm
8th grade: 151 wpm
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Access Your Free E-Book
http://readinghorizons.com/resources/disabilites.pdf