dynamics of water cavity generation by projectiles and explosions la-ur-02-832 charles l. mader...
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DYNAMICS OF WATER DYNAMICS OF WATER CAVITY GENERATIONCAVITY GENERATION
BY PROJECTILESBY PROJECTILESAND EXPLOSIONS AND EXPLOSIONS
LA-UR-02-832LA-UR-02-832
Charles L. Mader Charles L. Mader
Michael GittingsMichael Gittings
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Water Wave Amplitude as Function of HE Charge DepthWater Wave Amplitude as Function of HE Charge Depth
Upper Critical
Upper Critical
Lower Critical
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PHERMEX Radiographs of aPHERMEX Radiographs of a One Inch Dia PBX-9404 Sphere Center Initiated One Inch Dia PBX-9404 Sphere Center Initiated
Detonated Half Submerged in WaterDetonated Half Submerged in Water
15 microsec
25 microsec
60 microsec
STATIC
WATER
AIR
AIR
HE
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Movie available on NMWW DVD
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1.0 atms Air Pressure1.0 atms Air Pressure
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130 mm Air Pressure130 mm Air Pressure
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16 mm Air Pressure16 mm Air Pressure
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1 atms Air Pressure1 atms Air Pressure
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16 mm Air Pressure16 mm Air Pressure
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Kendriskii Exploding Bridge Wire Kendriskii Exploding Bridge Wire Experiments in One AtmosphereExperiments in One Atmosphere
Air.Air.
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Exploding Bridgewire at 1.0 atmsExploding Bridgewire at 1.0 atms
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Kendriskii Exploding Bridge Wire Kendriskii Exploding Bridge Wire Experiments in ~0.2 AtmosphereExperiments in ~0.2 Atmosphere
Air.Air.
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Exploding Bridgewire at 0.2 atmsExploding Bridgewire at 0.2 atms
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Exploding Bridgewire at 0.2 atmsExploding Bridgewire at 0.2 atms
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CRESTONE CRESTONE NOBEL NOBEL CODE CODE
AMR EULERIANAMR EULERIANREACTIVE HYDRODYNAMICSREACTIVE HYDRODYNAMICS
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0.25 cm dia PBX-9404 sphere0.25 cm dia PBX-9404 sphereDetonated Half SubmergedDetonated Half Submerged
in Water in One Atmosphere Air.in Water in One Atmosphere Air.
| 100 cm |
0 sec 25 millisec 75 millisec 275 millisec
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0.25 cm dia Al sphere colliding0.25 cm dia Al sphere collidingwith water at 2 km/secwith water at 2 km/sec
in 0.1 Atmosphere in 0.1 Atmosphere
0 sec 5 millisec 20 millisec 50 millisec
| 100 cm |
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0.25 cm dia Al sphere colliding0.25 cm dia Al sphere collidingwith water at 2 km/secwith water at 2 km/sec
in 5 Atmosphere Airin 5 Atmosphere Air
0 sec 5 millisec 15 millisec 30 millisec 70 millisec
| 100 cm |
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0.25 cm dia Al sphere colliding0.25 cm dia Al sphere collidingwith water at 2 km/secwith water at 2 km/sec
In 1 Atmosphere AirIn 1 Atmosphere Air
0 sec 25 millisec 75 millisec 125 millisec
| 100 cm |
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The difference in pressure outside The difference in pressure outside the ejecta plume above the water the ejecta plume above the water
cavity and the decreasing pressure cavity and the decreasing pressure inside the water plume as it inside the water plume as it
expands results in the ejecta plume expands results in the ejecta plume converging and colliding at the axis converging and colliding at the axis
forming a jet above and back intoforming a jet above and back intothe bubble cavity which penetrates the bubble cavity which penetrates
bottom of the cavity and formsbottom of the cavity and formsthe stem observed experimentally.the stem observed experimentally.
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As the atmospheric pressureAs the atmospheric pressureis reduced the pressure inside the is reduced the pressure inside the
expanding cavity is never expanding cavity is never less than the pressure outsideless than the pressure outside
the ejecta plume.the ejecta plume.No jet or stem is generatedNo jet or stem is generated
while the cavity is expanding.while the cavity is expanding.
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SummarySummary
The Nobel Code can describeThe Nobel Code can describethe experimental observedthe experimental observedfeatures of Projectile andfeatures of Projectile and
Explosion interaction with theExplosion interaction with theOcean and the resultingOcean and the resulting
generation of Tsunami Wavesgeneration of Tsunami Waves
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DYNAMICS OF WATER CAVITY
GENERATION
Charles L. Mader, Michael L. Gittings
Science of Tsunami Hazards
Vol 21, pages 91-118(2003)
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TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL
SIMULATIONS OF ASTEROID
OCEAN IMPACT
Galen Gisler, Robert Weaver,
Charles Mader, Michael Gittings
Science of Tsunami Hazards
Vol 21, pages 119-134(2003)