dynamics of population education

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DYNAMICS OF POPULATION EDUCATION

Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies

short-term and long-term changes in the size and age

composition of populations

Population dynamics deals with the way populations areaffected by birth and death rates, and by immigration and

emigration, and studies topics such as ageing populations or

population decline.

Demography - vital statistics about people, such as births anddeaths


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1. AFFECTS OF WORLD WAR-II ON POPULATION

Developing countries

Poverty, Illiteracy, Economic problems, over population

Developed countriesUrbanization, industrialization, pollution, negative

Population growth


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2. POPULATION CHANGING FACTORS

Birth

Death

Migration & others

Fertility, mortality,

Marriages, divorce


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3. POPULATION STUDY IS CONCERNED

Collection of data (all above)

Analysis of data ( all above)

Interpretation of data

Then long term and short term plans are initiated

Different questions relating to population required careful

objectives and systematic study of the population

Population policies are based on some of the important

questions.


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Important Questions

Is population growing larger. ? Is population becoming smaller or remaining constant. ?

What are ages and sexes of population. ?

Are people shifting from rural to urban areas.?

What are the proportions of single, married, widowed ordivorced

people

What are the current trends in marital status. ?

Will immigration remain at the same level. ?

Are we having fewer or more children and how this will affectthe

future.?

Will we need more homes , doctors and edul instts (kinds).?


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METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Date is usually based on two major information about

individual (s):

1. Characteristics of age, sex, residence and events

2. Information about rate of births, deaths, marriages,divorces

Census method (official)

Enumeration of the total population at a given point of timeCollecting, compiling, publishing demographic, economic and

social data pertaining to specific time


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BASIC CONCEPTS

Population Change: Changes in the size of population (+ or -)

Changes in the growth of population: Fertility (birth rate)

20 per 1000

Mortality (death rate) 15 per 1000 and Migration

Rate of Change refers to natural increase + net migrationThe difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate

is called rate of natural increase

difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period

of time, divided (usually) per 1,000 inhabitants


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Natural increase= Births__ Deaths (200-80)If No. of deaths greater than number of birth then N.I isexpressed =(-)

Population Growth= Natural increase + Net migration=Births- Deaths+ In migration- out Migration)

Birth rate + Total No. of Births x 1000Total Population

Crude birth rate - number of births per year per thousandpeople

Crude death rate- number of deaths per year per thousandpeople


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Population change and economic change

Pic-1 population more than resources. Resources unable toabsorb large number of people hence thee is unemployment

and poverty

Pic-2 Population as asset , vital factor in developmentprocess. Hr of a country can play vital role in over all

economic development


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FERTILITY (No. of children per woman) Measurement:

Average no. of children born by a woman

FERTILITY RATE average number of children per 1000 womenof child bearing age 15-44)

FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY

Decrease in Mortality lowers fertility

Age at marriage : lower age longer reproductive

period

Women Education: highly educated women prefer small

family and has lower fertility rate than lower educatedwomen

Fertility and social economic status: high socio

economic status (+, -)

Fertility and Rural Urban Distribution; (+, -)


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Mortality

Mortality: No. of deaths among the components of

population. Important role in population growth. Decline of

mortality due to many factors.(D, UD)

Factors of high mortality in past: Food shortage, Epidemics,

War Losses, Poor conditions of living etc.

Factors of decline in mortality in developed countries

Eco development, sanitary reforms, pub health measures, soc reforms,

adv: in medicines

Infant Mortality: death of children before 1 year of age. These

deaths are being decreased..(D, UD)


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Migration

Migration: vague term different meanings,

(Gen: mobility that involves change of residence between

defined political/geographical areas, or between residence

areas of different types)

Migration is movement from one place to another with or

outside the country

UNESCO: mig is movement from one region to another for the

purpose of settlement.

Types: Internal and International Migration


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How it is measured In migrants A to B (B in migrants)

Out migrants A to B (A out migrants)

In and out migrants within the country Net migration= in-migrants - out-migrants

More in migration is express (+) and more out migration is

expressed (-)These 2 types of migrations have no affect on countrys populationsize, change but is concerned with populationdistribution/urbanization etc.

External Migration: Movement from one to other countryEmigration: examples

Immigrants:..


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Factors of migration

Push Factors: Problems , lack of basic facilities,Educational facilities

Pull Factors: Opportunities, facilities

Trend: R/U mig (15/34 yrs, edu, employment)

R/U more educated people, Male migrants

Others, economic, social, geographical, political, religious

factors


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Overpopulation

Ratio of population to available resources

Over population (10, facilities to 9 then it is over)

Over population (10, facilities to 10 then no over)

Causes of Overpopulation

High birth rate Decline in death rate

Improved medical facilities

Illiteracy

Conservative philosophy of family life Joint family system


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Over Population Trains


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Suggestions

Reduction of birth rates/accelerating rate of

economic development

Control birth rate, Family planning compaign


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Zeero Population: deaths and births rates are

equal ( no increase or decrease in population)

Negative Population/under population

If birth rates less than death rate


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Population, 2011 and 2050

China 1,346

India 1,241

United States 312

Indonesia 238 Brazil 197

Pakistan 177

Nigeria 162

Bangladesh 151

Russia 143

Japan 128

1. India 1,692

2. China 1,313

3. Nigeria 433

4. United States 423

5. Pakistan 314

6. Indonesia 309

7. Bangladesh 226

8. Brazil 2239. Ethiopia 174

10. Philippines 150

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