DYNAMIC EVOLUTION BASED CONTROLLER FOR SINGLE PHASEINVERTER

\

NORMAZLINA BINTI MAT ISA

A project report submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the award of the Degree

of Master of Engineering (Electrical – Power)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

JANUARI 2013

i i i

With the name of Al-Mighty Allah

To my beloved the late mother,To my beloved father,

To my beloved husband and sonsFor their continues love, motivation, support and encouragement

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In preparing this thesis, I was in contact with many people, researchers,academicians, and practitioners. They have contributed towards myunderstanding and thoughts. In particular, I wish to express my sincereappreciation to my main thesis supervisor, Dr Shahrin Md Ayob, forencouragement, guidance, critics and friendship. Without his continuedsupport and interest, this thesis would not have been the same as presentedhere.

I am also indebted to Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), librariansat UTM, also deserve special thanks for their assistance in supplying therelevant literatures.

Besides, my sincere appreciation also extends to my entire fellowpostgraduate friends who have provided assistance and sharing ideas during thisthesis implementation. Th e i r i d e a s a n d o p i n i o n s a r e u s e f u l i n de e d .U n f o r t u n a t e l y , i t i s i m p o s s ib l e t o l i s t a l l o f t h e m i n t h i sl i m i t e d sp a c e .

Last but not least, special thanks goes to my parent, family members,husband and sons on their supportive and encouragement during completing thistask.

v

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan mengkaji satu kaedah baru bagi

mengawal sebuah penyongsang satu fasa. Pendekatan yang digunakan

adalah berdasarkan kepada skala masa dinamik di mana ia

menggunakan pendefinisian algoritma matematik sebagai algoritma

kawalan bagi penyonsang satu fasa tersebut. Dengan menggunakan

hukum kawalan yang ditakrifkan daripada persamaan tidak linear

penyongsang satu fasa, model bagi litar penyongsang satu fasa dibina

dengan menggunakan perisian MATLAB SIMULINK. Selepas itu,

penilaian terhadap prestasi bagi penyongsang tersebut diuji menerusi

pelbagai nilai gangguan beban. Penilaian prestasi penyongsang diuji

dengan melalui proses simulasi di dalam perisian MATLAB

SIMULINK. Hasil daripada proses simulasi menunjukkan bahawa

teknik yang dikaji di dalam kajian ini adalah bersesuaian untuk

mengawal penyongsang satu fasa.

vi

ABSTRACT

This thesis proposes a new control method based on Dynamic

Evolution Control for a single phase inverter. A new approach for synthesis of

inverter controller theory presented as well as a control law algorithm for the

inverter is derived. By using the control law derived from the non-linear

equations, the model of single phase inverter with the proposed controller is

constructed in MATLAB SIMULINK. Then, the performance of the proposed

dynamic evolution control under various load disturbances is verified through

the simulation. Simulation progress and result show that the proposed

technique is suitable for controlling the power single phase inverter.

viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

ABSTRAK v

ABSTRACT vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES xii

LIST OF FIGURES xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix

LIST OF SYMBOLS xxi

1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Problem statement 11.2 Objective 21.3 Scope of work 3

2.0 LITERITURE REVIEW2.1 Introduction 42.2 DC to AC converter 5

2.2.1 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 82.2.2 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) 12

2.3 Fundamental of Control System 132.4 Steady State Error 182.5 Previous Controller and their problems 18

viii

3.0 METHODOLOGY 233.1 Dynamic Evolution Control 233.2 Design of controller 27

3.2.1 Mathematical modeling 273.3 Duty Cycle 313.4 Design Parameters 33

3.4.1 References Voltages 343.4.2 State error Function 353.4.3 Others Parameters 36

3.5 Simulation Process 373.5.1 Circuit Construction 38

4.0 SIMULATIONS, RESULT AND ANALYSIS 454.1 Output of PWM circuit 464.2 Result and Analysis on Inverter Performance 48

4.2.1 Full Load and No Load 494.2.2 Small and Large Signal Disturbance 51

4.3 Finite Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis 53

5.0 CONCLUSION 575.1 Discussion 575.2 Problem Occur 585.3 Further Recommendation 595.4 Conclusion 60

REFERENCES 62

viii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

1 Transition of switches in an inverter 6

2 Value of parameters 37

3 Block construction for each part of control law 40

4 PWM block construction 70

xii

xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1 Circuit Diagram of Inverter 6

1.2 Single Phase Inverter with Dynamic Evolution Controller 7

1.3 Concept of PWM signal generation 9

1.4 The sampling process of PWM signal 9

1.5 Unipolar PWM switching scheme 10

1.6 Bipolar PWM switching scheme 10

1.7 Fundamental of control system description 14

1.8 Basic open loop system 16

1.9 Basic closed loop system 17

2.0 PID controller block 20

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

Dynamic Evolution Path

Circuit of Dynamic Evolution Controller for single phaseinverter in MATLAB SIMULINK

Subsystem circuit of Dynamic Evolution Controller forSingle Phase Inverter in MATLAB SIMULINK

Setting of triangular waveforms

Triangular waveform

PWM switching signal

Inversion output waveform of inverter

Steady state performance in no load condition

24

43

44

46

47

47

48

50

xiv

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

4.6 Steady state performance in full load condition 50

4.7 Performance of proposed controller when subjected to smallload disturbance

51

4.8 Performance of proposed controller when subjected tolarge load disturbance for output voltage side

52

4.9 Output current when subjected to sudden large loaddisturbance

53

5.0 THD under full load condition 54

5.1 THD under no load condition 55

5.2 THD under large load condition 55

5.3 THD under small load condition 56

xix

LIST OF SYMBOLS

Ω - Ohm

m - mili

h - Henry

µ - micro

∞ - infinity

α - duty cycle

xix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PWM - Pulse Width Modulation

THD - Total Harmonic Distortion

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The power inverter that functions as a converter is the heart of a DC-AC

conversion system whereby it’s well designed is based on its ability to provide

clean and stable ac output voltage regardless of the load type connected to it.

Besides, the power inverter should have the ability to recover from transients

caused by external disturbances as quickly as possible. Nowadays, with the

proliferations of power converters connected as loads, the inverter is required to

deliver non-linear output. This highly distorted currents may cause deterioration

in the quality of the output voltage.[1] Furthermore, the design of controllers for

power inverter systems presents the interesting challenges as for the past several

decades, many controller techniques have been proposed for power inverter

applications. Since power inverters are non-linear time varying system, therefore

the design of it controllers must have the capability to cover-up the none-linearity

and time-varying properties of the inverter system.

2

1.1 Problem Statement

Inverter which is known as dc to ac converter has its own characteristics in

order to provide the clean power output. The switches that constructed in the

inverter circuit must be well controlled in order to ensure the switching transition

operates in correct rules. As principle operation of inverter, the switching

transition time must be accommodate in the control of the switches. If there any

overlap of switch “ON” times will result the short circuit. Hence, the method of

controlling these switches in single phase inverter is proposed in this research

work as to enhance the existing control techniques.

1.2 Objective

The main objective of this research work is to propose and execute a new

control technique for the single phase inverter. The control method is named as

Dynamic Evolution Control (DEC) as some of dynamic characteristic of the

control part is considered in order to operate this new technique. Besides, the

objective is to perform the simulation process onto the proposed Dynamic

Evolution Control by using the software of MATLAB SIMULINK. The

importance of the simulation process is to observe and analyze the performance of

3

the proposed controller, Dynamic Evolution Control under resistance load

disturbances.

1.3 Scope of work

Single phase inverters that exist in the power electronics world need the

enhancement in their controller. The focus in this work research is emphasized on

the observation of the single phase inverter controller based on Dynamic

Evolution Control (DEC) where the parameters of DEC is designed referred to the

mathematical modeling of single phase inverter switching scheme. The

characteristic of control part which is begin with the steady state representation is

evaluated and followed by the error state of the controller is determined.

Furthermore, the duty cycle that used to control the switching scheme of the

inverter is obtained. The synthesize of the inverter controller and the analysis on

the non-linear equations models is done by using MATLAB SIMULINK

software. Hence, the observation on the inverter and the performance of controller

under resistance load disturbances is obtained.

62

REFERENCES

1. K.Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”,

2. Daniel w.Hart, “Power Electronics”

3. Norman Nise, “Control System Engineering”

4. Carl N.M. Ho and Henry S.H. Chung , “Fast Transient Control of Single-

Phase Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) Without External DC Source” ,

Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong.

5. Wei Yang , Chenghua Wang , Feng Hong , “A Novel Design Method of

Single-phase Inverter Controller Based on CPLD” , College of

Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics

and Astronautics, Nanjing , China.

6. Ruian Liu Lei Wang Mimi Zhang , “Design of Single-Phase Inverter

controlled by DSC based on SVPWM technique” , Shengtao Ma College

of Physics and Electronic Information Science of Tianjin Normal

University, Tianjin, China.

7. W G Dunford , “An Integrated Controller for Current Source Inverter

Drives”, Dept of Electrical Engineering Imperial College, London SW7

2BT,UK

8. C. Rech, H. Pinheiro, H. A. Griindling, H. L. Hey, J. R. Pinheiro, “

Analysis and Design of a Repetitive Predictive-PID Controller for PWM

Inverters” , Federal University of Santa Maria,IEEE 2001.

63

9. Dong Dong, Timothy Thacker, , Rolando Burgos, , Fei Wang, , and

Dushan Boroyevich, “ On Zero Steady-State Error Voltage Control of

Single-Phase PWM Inverters With Different Load Types”, IEEE

transactions on Power Electronic, Vol.26,November 2011.

10. Ahmad El Khateb, Nasrudin Abdul Rahim, and Jeyraj Selvaraj,

“Optimized PID Controller for Both Single Phase Inverter and MPPT

SEPIC DC/DC Converter of PV Module”, IEEE International Electric

Machines and Drives Conference, 2011.

11. Wei Yang,Chenghua Wang, Feng Hong, “ A Novel Method of Single

Phase Inverter Controller Based on CPLD”, College of Information

Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and

Astronautics,China, 2010.

12. M.A Mahmud, M.J Hossain, H.R Pota M.S Ali, “Zero Dynamic Excitation

Controller Design for Power System with Dynamic Load”, School of

Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South

Wales,Canberra, Australia, 2011.

13. Wei Yao, Jingjing Chen, Zhaoming Qian, “An Improved for Paralel

Operation of Single Phase Inverters with No-control Interconnections”,

Power Electronics Institute, College of Electrical Engineering, Zheijang

University, China, 2007.

14. Yan Xiangwu, Gu Xiaobin, Zhang Bo, Zhang Lixia, “Analysis and Design

of Closed Loop Controller for Single Phase High Frequency Link Inverter

64

Based on Pole Assignment”, Proceeding of International Conference on

Electrical Machines and Systems 2007, Seoul , Korea,2007

15. Yasuhiro Kondo, Hisao Kubota, “ Design of Voltage Controller of Single

Phase Inverter for Harmonic Rejection” , Meiji Universiti, Japan

16. A.S Samosir and A.H.M Yatim , “Implementation of New Control Method

based on Dynamic Evolution Control with Linear Evolution Path for

Boost DC-DC Converter” , 2nd IEEE Conference on Power and Energy ,

Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 2008.

17. Wei Yao, Min Chen, Joe Matas, Josep M.Guerro, Zhao Ming Qian,

“Design and Analysis of the Droop Control Method for parallel Inverters

Considering the Impact of the Complex Impedance on the Power

Sharing”, IEEE Vol. 58, No 2, February 2011.

18. Goh Wei Kiat, “Design of Current Mode POrportional Integral (PI)

Controller for a PWM Inverter Using MATLAB/Simulink”, Faculty of

Electrical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia, 2011.

19. S.M Ayob, Z. Salam, N.A Azli, “ Control of Single Phase Inverter Using

Fuzzy Logic” ,IEEE 2009

20. Humberto Pinheiro, Fernando Botteron, Jose R.Pinheiro, Helio L.Hey, A.

Grunding, “ A digital Controller for Single Phase UPS Inverters to reduce

the Output DC Component”, IEEE 2004 .

65

21. IEC 61000-3-2:2001 ed. 2.1, idt), “MS IEC 61000-3-2:2003

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)” – Part 3-2: Limits – limits for

harmonic current emissions (equipment input current < 16 a per phase)