dvances in analysing trail accessibility for better

ADVANCES IN ANALYSING TRAIL ACCESSIBILITY FOR BETTER TRANSPORTATION PLANNING The Sustainable Tourism Observatory of South Tyrol (Italy) Anna Scuttari, Andreas Dibiasi – Center for Advanced Studies (Eurac Research)

Raúl Jiménez Ortega – ESRI Spain Madrid, 22.10.2019

Center for Advanced Studies – Eurac Research 2 22/10/2019

• Autonomous Province in the Italian Alps

• ≈500.000 inhabitants • 5 small towns + rural areas • Dolomites UNESCO WHS • ≈7.5 mln. tourist arrivals

• 4.4 days on average

(Laner, Scuttari, 2019)

STOST – SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OBSERVATORY OF SOUTH TYROL INTRODUCTION


STOST – SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OBSERVATORY OF SOUTH TYROL INTRODUCTION

June 2018 October 2018 October 2019


STOST PRELIMINARY STUDY

The exploration of place-specific sustainability issues was made through QUALITATIVE approaches 26 semi-structured interviews (≈ 40 min each)


STOST GOVERNANCE AND STRUCTURE


INSTO Network – STOST First results

60% of arrivals in

summer and 40%

in winter over the

last 20 years.

6% of employees in

the accommodation

or food and service

sector. 65% of them

are Italian citizens.

11.1% of total GDP

generated in 2017 by

the accommodation

or food and service

sector.

17 municipalities, 62

events and 22

accommodation

facilities with voluntary

certification schemes or

strategies for sustainable development.

Significant difference

in prices of real

estate among

touristic and non-

touristic

municipalities.

Tourists satisfied

with prices.

Electricity consumption

attributable to the

accommodation

sector amounts to 8.7%

of total electricity consumed in 2018.

8% of total

water consumed

attributable to

the

accommodation

sector.

¼ of the

surface is

protected

land.

9% of total

waste

attributed to

the tourism

sector.

1.7 million of

guest tickets

and mobilcards

activated in

2018.

• Increasing pressure, increasing (but still uncoordinated) responses • Need for primary data, especially to estimate GHG from tourism • Need for further methods to grasp cultural aspects of sustainability

0.6% of total

buildings in 2018 are

hotels and similar

establishments


EURAC & ESRI A PILOT PROJECT

How to analyse trail accessibility with GIS tools for better transportation planning?

Definition of the accessibility criteria

Calculation

Interpretation of results


EURAC & ESRI THE PROCESS

Local associations

Global partner

Data

Story map

bit.ly/INSTO19

http://bit.ly/INSTO19


EURAC & ESRI THE MAIN DATA SOURCE: GEOKATALOG

http://geokatalog.buergernetz.bz.it/geokatalog/#!

http://geokatalog.buergernetz.bz.it/geokatalog/#!


EURAC & ESRI ACCESSIBILITY CRITERIA

Criteria • there should be a physical route to get from the road where the bus stop is to the

trail itself (any point of the trail) • the distance from bus stop to trail should not be a calculated in terms of a distance

radius, but of drive-time areas Categories of accessibility • Very Accessible/accessible: < 10 min of walk • Medium: 10-20 min of walk • Not very accessible/Not at all accessible: > 30 min of walk


EURAC & ESRI THE CALCULATION BY ESRI

Accessibility degree should be calculated first for “primary trails”, then attributed also to the “secondary trails”, by picking the accessibility degree of the most accessible primary trail linked to them, or - if linked only to other secondary trails -, to the most accessible secondary trail linked to them.


EURAC & ESRI THE RESULTS


EURAC & ESRI LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH

Need to match results with tourism intensity of different regions (select hotspots) Need to evaluate bus lines and service frequency Importance to assess the mobility patterns of hikers and the integrated transport system on site.


Center for Advanced Studies Eurac Research Anna Scuttari [email protected] www.eurac.edu

CONTACT US

ESRI Spain Raúl Jiménez Ortega [email protected] www.esri.es

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

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20

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15

20

16

20

17

20

18

Day

s

Tho

usa

nd

s

Arrivals Overnight stays Length of Stay

Figure 1: Arrivals and overnight stays (left axis) and average length of stay in days (right axis) in all accommodation facilities, South Tyrol – 1998 - 2018. Yearly data in thousands. Source: ASTAT, 2019a, own elaboration.

Overview


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

1 Star 2 Stars 3 Stars 4 Stars 5 Stars Residence

Figure 2: Hotel and similar establishments by accommodation category, South Tyrol – 1998-2017. Percentage values. Source: ASTAT, 2019a, own elaboration.

Overview


Figure 3: Geolocation and bed capacity of all accommodation facilities (in blue) and location of “Red Rooster” branded

agritourism ventures (in red). Source: Open Data Hub South Tyrol Online database, 2019.

Overview


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Italy Germany Switzerland and Lichtenstein Austria Benelux other countries

Figure 4: Overnight stays in all accommodation facilities by market of origin, South Tyrol – 1998-2008. Percentage

values. Source: ASTAT, 2019a.

Overview


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

Tho

usa

nd

s

Italy Germany Other Benelux Austria Switzerland and Liechtenstein

Figure 10: Tourist arrivals by month and market, South Tyrol 2008-2018. Monthly average values in thousands.

Source: ASTAT, data available on demand.

1. Tourism Seasonality


Figure 14: Employees in the accommodation and food service sector by sector and month, South Tyrol 2008-2018. Percentage values over total employment. Source: AMB, data available on demand.



August

August

August August August March August August August August

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

LauregnoLaurein

ProvesProveis

Moso inPassiriaMoos inPasseier

GlorenzaGlurns

FunesVillnöß

PonteGardena

Waidbruck

Magrè sullaStrada del

VinoMargreid an

derWeinstraße

Prato alloStelvio

Prad amStilfserjoch

VeranoVöran

LasaLaas

Figure 11: Tourist arrivals occurring in peak months by municipality (top 10 municipalities with the highest share), 2008-

2018. Monthly average percentage values. Source: ASTAT, data available on demand, own elaboration.



week 32 (August)

week 12 (March) week 33

(August) week 33 (August)

week 32 (August)

week 35 (August)

week 32 (August)

week 32 (August)

week 32 (August)

week 32 (August)

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

LauregnoLaurein

Ponte GardenaWaidbruck

ProvesProveis

Moso inPassiriaMoos inPasseier

GlorenzaGlurns

Magrè sullaStrada del Vino

Margreid ander

Weinstraße

FunesVillnöß

VeranoVöran

Prato alloStelvio

Prad amStilfserjoch

PredoiPrettau

Figure 12: Tourist arrivals occurring in peak weeks by municipality (top 10 municipalities with the highest share), 2008-2018. Weekly average percentage values. Source: ASTAT, data available on demand, own elaboration.



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-14-13-12-11-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tho

usa

nd

s

days 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Eastern

Figure 13: Overnight stays in South Tyrol 14 days before and after Easter in thousands, 2008-2018. Daily average

values. Source: ASTAT, data available on demand, own elaboration.



30%

31%

32%

33%

34%

35%

36%

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Figure 15: Female enterprises in the accommodation and food service sector, South Tyrol 2014 – 2018. Percentage

values over total number of tourist enterprises. Source: WIFO, data available on demand, own elaboration.

2. Employment


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Italy EU-15 EU Member States after 2004 Other European countries (non EU) Outside Europe

Figure 16: Employees in the accommodation and food service sector by month and citizenship, South Tyrol 2008 –

2018. Percentage values. Source: AMB, data available on demand, own elaboration.

2. Employment


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Public Administration, Arts, Other Services ManufacturingAccomodation And Food Service Real Estate ActivitiesProf., Scientific And Tech. Act. ConstructionAgriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining Transportation And StorageFinancial And Insurance Activities Information And Communication

Figure 17: Value added by industry, South Tyrol 2006 – 2016. Percentage values.

Source: ISTAT, online database (I.Stat database), own elaboration.

3. Economic benefits at the destination level


Figure 18: Business climate in the accommodation and food service sector, South Tyrol 2008 – 2018.

Index, baseline year = 2015. Source: WIFO, data available on demand, own elaboration.

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Accommodations Restaurants



0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

total hotels and similar establishments other accommodation services

Figure 19: Gross occupancy rates of bed places by type of accommodation, South Tyrol 2007-2017.

Percentage values. Source: ASTAT, online database.



7 12 7

4 13

1

62

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Green Events*

Accommodation facilities

Municipalities

Biohotel Klimahotel Ecolabel Alpine Pearls Klima Municipalities Bio + Klimahotel Green Events

Figure 20: Number of events, accommodation facilities and municipalities involved in sustainability schemes by

certification categories, South Tyrol 2019. Source: Casa Clima, ISPRA, Biohotel, Alpine Pearls, APPA, data available

on demand, own elaboration. *The number of Green Events refers to the year 2018.

4. Governance


0

5

10

15

20

25

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Fruit juices Fruit syrup Fruit preservesDried fruit Distillates VinegarHerbs Cheese/Milk products Free-range eggsFresh fruit and vegetables Sauces and pickles Fresh meat

Figure 21: Number of “Red Rooster” branded agritourism ventures producing and selling regional products by type of

product and year, South Tyrol 2008-2018. Absolute numbers.

Source: Red Rooster, data available on demand, own elaboration.

4. Governance


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2016 2017 2018

Figure 21: Number of “Red Rooster” branded agritourism ventures producing and selling regional products by type of

product and year, South Tyrol 2008-2018. Absolute numbers.

Source: Red Rooster, data available on demand, own elaboration.

4. Governance


10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Figure 23: Tourism intensity index by year, South Tyrol 2008 - 2018. Source: ASTAT, own elaboration.

5. Local and visitor satisfaction


Figure 24: Map of tourism intensity index. South Tyrol,

2018. Source: ASTAT, own elaboration.



6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

€/m

²

max touristic min touristic max non touristic min non touristic

Figure 25: Prices of rents in the central area of touristic and non-touristic municipalities by year, selected South

Tyrolean municipalities*, 2008-2018. Average values in €/m2.

Source: Agenzia del Territorio, elaboration by ASTAT and Eurac Research.

*Touristic and non-touristic municipalities were defined based on ASTAT (2019b).



1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

2,2€

Beer mean price (touristic) Beer mean price (non touristic)

Onions mean price (touristic) Onions mean price (non touristic)

Figure 26: Prices of selected goods in touristic and non-touristic municipalities by quarter, selected

South Tyrolean municipalities*, 2008-2018. Average values in Euro. Source: ASTAT, own elaboration.

*Touristic and non-touristic municipalities were defined based on ASTAT (2019b).



0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Ver

y sa

tisf

ied

Sati

sfie

d

Neu

tral

Dis

sati

sfie

d

Ver

y d

issa

tisf

ied

Ver

y sa

tisf

ied

Sati

sfie

d

Neu

tral

Dis

sati

sfie

d

Ver

y d

issa

tisf

ied

Accommodation Food service

Winter 2004/2005 Summer 2005 Winter 2012/2013 Summer 2013

Figure 27: Tourist satisfaction with prices by season, South Tyrol 2004/05 and 2012/13. Average values.

Source: ASTAT and Eurac Research, own elaboration.



05

101520253035404550

Mill

ion

s kW

h

Figure 28: Estimated minimum electricity consumption* for accommodation facilities by month,

South Tyrol 2008-2018. Millions of kWh. Source: own elaboration.

*The estimation procedure is based on energy consumption coefficients estimated per night and accommodation

category according to the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft, Familie und Jugend Wirtschaftskammer Osterreich,

Fachverband Hotellerie, Fachverband Gastronomie, Osterreichische Hoteliervereinigung (2011).

6. Energy management


0

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

160.000

180.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

MW

/h

Figure 29: Electricity consumption by ski lifts and snow cannons, South Tyrol 2006-2016.

MW/h. Source: Agenzia del Territorio, elaboration by ASTAT.



Figure 30: Map of hotel-based and other charging stations for e-mobility, South Tyrol 2019.

Source: Alperia and Tesla, elaboration by Eurac Research.



0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

1.400

Mill

ion

lite

rs

Figure 31: Estimated minimum water consumption* for accommodation facilities by month, South Tyrol 2008-2018.

Millions of liters. Source: own elaboration.

*The estimation procedure is based on water consumption coefficients estimated per night and accommodation

category in Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft, Familie und Jugend Wirtschaftskammer Osterreich, Fachverband

Hotellerie, Fachverband Gastronomie, Osterreichische Hoteliervereinigung (2011).

7 & 8: Waste & Water Management


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10M

illio

n c

ub

ic m

eter

s

Figure 32: Water consumption by snow guns, South Tyrol winter season 2008-2018.

Million cubic meters. Source: APPA, data available on demand.



41,412% 28,122% 23,592% 6,874%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Industry Residents Tourists Other

Figure 33: Estimation of users connected to sewerage and sewage treatment plants, South Tyrol 2014.

Percentage values, population equivalent. Source: APPA (2015).



Figure 34: Estimated waste production for accommodation facilities by month, South Tyrol 2008-2018. Tons.

Source: own elaboration. The estimation procedure is based on waste production coefficients estimated per night

in Hamele & Eckardt (2006).

-

1'000

2'000

3'000

4'000

5'000

6'000To

ns

9. Solid waste management


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Mill

ion

s

Validated Mobilcard (ASTAT) Activated cards Number of uses

Figure 35: Activated Mobilcards, bikemobil cards, museumobil cards and guest tickets and their use in South Tyrol,

2012-2018. Millions. Source: Strutture Trasporto Alto Adige, data available on demand, own elaboration.

10. Mobility


105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Mill

ion

s

Winter Summer

Figure 36: Number of ski-lift and cable car users by tourist season, South Tyrol 2006-2016. Millions. Source: ASTAT (2018b).

10. Mobility


0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

45.000

50.000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

kilo

met

ers

Italy Germany Austria Switzerland Flinkster Other

Figure 37: Kilometers travelled using car sharing services by non-local users, South Tyrol 2014-2018. Source: Car Sharing South Tyrol, data available on demand, own elaboration.

10. Mobility


Figure 38: Map of primary hiking trails by walking distance from bus and train stops, South Tyrol 2018.

Source: ESRI Spain and Eurac Research, own elaboration.

10. Mobility


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

<10 min 10-20 min >20 min

Figure 39: Primary hiking trails by walking distance from bus and train stops, South Tyrol 2018.

Percentage values. Source: ESRI Spain and Eurac Research, own elaboration.

10. Mobility


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Tho

usa

nd

s

Hotels and similar establishments Total buildings

Figure 40: Number of hotels and similar establishments compared to the total number of buildings, South Tyrol

2014-2018. Source: Ripartizione provinciale Libro fondiario, Catasto fondiario e urbano. Elaboration by ASTAT and

Eurac Research.

11. Land use and landscape diversity


Figure 41: Map of the Shannon’s Evenness Index, South Tyrol 2000-2012.

Source: Eurac Institute for Alpine Environment, own elaboration.

11. Land use and landscape diversity


Figure 42: Natural parks and protected areas by park typology, South Tyrol 2018.

Source: Eurac Institute for Earth Observation.

12. Nature Conversation


Figure 43: Municipalities by hemeroby values, South Tyrol 2000-2012.

Source: Eurac Institute for Alpine Environment.

12. Nature Conversation

dvances in analysing trail accessibility for better

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