dutch guideline for deaccesioning of museum objects

8/9/2019 Dutch Guideline for Deaccesioning of Museum Objects

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Pubicatin f:Intitute fr Cutura Heritage

Nember 2006

Editr:Frank Bergeet

Aren KkMarika de Wit

Dutch guideinefr deacceiningf mueum bect


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TABlE oF CoNTENTs

5 Intrductin

6 The guideine in brief

8 The re and repnibiit f the wner f mueum bect

8 Gar

9 1 - PREPARATIoN

9 Precnditin

9 The Cde f Prfeina Ethic fr Mueum

9 Cectin pan

9 lega authriatin t act10 Management apect

10 Prect team

10 Time

11 Budget

11 Quait

11 Infrmatin

11 Cmmunicatin

13 2. sElECTIoN

13 obectie f the deacceining peratin

13 seectin criteria

13 Pacing bect tgether

13 Verication

14 Cutura hitrica aue

14 Cectin regitratin and phtgraph15 Cnuting eterna epert

15 Prenance reearch

15 ownerhip

16 Depit

17 lan

18 Dnatin

18 Gift

18 Tetamentar dipitin and egacie


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19 subidie

19 shrtit f urpu bect and reaching a deciin

19 Marking bect

20 3. REloCATIoN

20 Acatin criteria20 handing fee

20 Infrm mueum

21 Ehibitin

21 Recatin databae

21 Handing and hnuring requet

22 Tranfer

22 Dnatin

22 Gift

23 Echange

23 N interet b mueum

23 Dnatin

24 Echange

24 sae: Priate ae, Pubic ae

25 sae and reae right

26 4. CoNClUsIoN

26 Prceed

26 Regitratin

26 Detructin: Detructin f mdern art and cpright

27 Deacceining dcumentatin

APPENDICEs

28 Appendi 1: Argument fr and againt deacceining

31 Appendi 2: seectin categrie in the Deta Pan fr the Preeratin f Cutura Heritage


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Part f the ICN furniture cectin.


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INTRoDUCTIoN

The Dutch mueum wrd ha had a guideine fr deacceining f mueum bect ince 2000. Thi guideine i wide accepted

a the prfeina nrm fr eecting and deacceining bect frm mueum cectin. Thi i the cae nt n fr mueum

which hae accepted the guideine a a practica etenin f the ICoM Cde f Prfeina Ethic but a fr man therprprietr f mueum cectin, uch a the gernment.

In recent ear, numeru dutch mueum hae gained eperience in eecting and deacceining bect frm their cectin.

Theguidelinehasproventobeausefulframeofreference.Inthisrelativelyneweldofmuseummanagement,almosteverycase

ead t new inight. Thi ha ed man mueum prfeina t demand a reiew f the guideine frm 2000. The new guideine

wasdrawnupunderthesupervisionoftheInstituteforCulturalHeritage(ICN)andcarefullyne-tunedwithrepresentativesfrom

the mueum wrd.

The mt imprtant principe f the new guideine are:

The deciin t deaccein bect hud be made e n grund regarding cntent.

Deacceining mueum bect hud awa be intended t impre the quait r cmpitin f the cectin and/r t

pace the bect where the can functin better.

A deacceining peratin hud atif the fwing criteria: carefu, tranparent and repnibe.

obect hud n be deacceined when it i certain that the mueum i the wner r that the wner ha gien hi/her

permiin.

Objectsbeingconsideredfordeaccessioningshouldalwaysbeofferedtoothermuseumsrst.sae f bect between mueum i nt recmmended, and i frbidden between natina cectin.

When recating an bect, the mueum mut determine it wn criteria fr acating bect t ther mueum.

Deacceining f imprtant bect hud be dcumented at the bect ee. le imprtant bect are ubect t mre

exiblerules

Ifnomuseumsareinterestedinthesuperuousobjects,thenthemuseummayproceedwithsaleoftheobjects,preferably

ia an auctin.

Prceed frm ae hud be ued ecuie fr impring the quait f the cectin b mean f acquiitin r thrugh

actie cneratin and/r retratin f bect.

The deacceining peratin hud be carefu dcumented.

TheICNisdeterminedtobecometheauthorityintheeldofselectionanddeaccessioninginthenearfuture.Ifyouwishtoreply

t thi tet, peae cntact: [email protected].


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THE GUIDElINE IN BRIEF

IN ADvANCE

Theownerandthemuseumalikecantaketheinitiativetowardsdeaccessioning.Eachplaysaseparateroleandhasaspecic

repnibiit in the prce. It ge withut aing that the mueum eect the bect that quaif fr deacceining.A deciin t deaccein bect i made e n grund regarding cntent.

Prceed frm ae wi be ued ecuie fr impring the quait f the cectin b mean f acquiitin r thrugh ac-

tie cneratin and/r retratin f bect

PREPARATIoNs

Ue the Cde f Prfeina Ethic fr Mueum in cnunctin with thi guideine a the pint f departure fr deaccein-

ing.

Draw up a cectin pan.

Ak the wner/ubidier f the cectin t appre the cectin pan.

Determine whether the mueum directr ha receied authriatin frm the wner/prper authritie with regard t eec-

tin r deacceining and if , etabih what kind f authriatin the directr ha receied.

set up arger deacceining peratin in the frm f prect.

sElECTIoN

Decribe the rean wh bect are being deacceined.Etabih criteria in rder t be abe t determine which bect quaif fr deacceining and determine the cntet in which

the criteria wi be appied.

Cnider bringing the eected bect tgether.

Makesurethatthefollowingmattersareveriedaftertherstselectionround:theculturalhistoricalvalue,thecomplete-

ne f the regitratin and (phtgraphic) dcumentatin, the prenance and wnerhip, and an pibe ubid cndi-

tions.DothisforobjectsintheDeltaPlansAandBcategoriesattheobjectlevel.Followasimpliedprocedureforless

imprtant bect.suppement the regitratin detai a necear and phtgraph the eected bect.

Determine whether eterna epert need t be cnuted.

Make ure that it i cear hw bect became part f the cectin and wh the ega wner i.

Return an t the aning authrit r hi r her heir r ega uccer.

Determine whether depit i ined.

Determine whether there are imiting cnditin attached t eected bect that were nce btained thrugh a dnatin,

egac r tetamentar dipitin.

Determine whether a ubid wa ued t acquire r retre the eected bect.

Followingverication,drawupashortlistoftheobjects/partialcollectionstobedeaccessionedandsubmitthistotheproperauthritie, ang with an epanatin, in rder t reach a deciin.

Cnider marking bect n the hrtit in uch a wa that it i cear the hae been remed frm the mueum cectin.


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REloCATIoN

Alwaysoffersurplusobjectstoothermuseumsrst.

Preferab d nt e t ther mueum. The ae f urpu bect between adminitratr f tate cectin i ut f the

quetin.

Infrm ther mueum abut the deacceining deciin, indicate which bect quaif fr recatin and cear indicate

the appicabe acatin criteria. Determine the deciding criteria fr recatin hud different mueum epre interet in

the ame bect.

obere a reanabe term in rder t aw mueum t repnd t the ffer.

Deign a prcedure fr prceing the repne.

Cncude the tranfer f bect b igning a tranfer tatement, tranferring the bect dcumentatin, rganiing the tran-

prt and, if appicabe, cecting the handing fee r prceed f the ae.

Tr t arrange recatin utide the mueum ectr if n mueum are intereted in the eected bect. optin incude

dnatin, echange and ae.

Cnider the fwing apect when deciding t tranfer bect t a catin ther than a mueum: the interet f the bect,

the attentin and care the bect wi receie after being dnated, and the iibiit f the bect.

Conductsalesonlywithacertieddealer/auctionhouse.

CoNClUsIoN

In the eent f detructin, ecure reanabe guarantee that bect are actua detred. Take (eriew) phtgraph f

the bect prir t detructin.In the eent f detructin, cntact the artit in rder t aid iating hi r her mra right.

Indicate in the (autmated) cectin regitratin that the bect hae been remed frm the cectin.

Keep carefu recrd f the deacceining peratin and cnduct matter with a much tranparenc a pibe.


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THE RolE AND REsPoNsIBIlITy oF THE oWNERs oF MUsEUM oBjECTsMueum bect are ften the prpert f gernment, cub r aciatin, r fundatin. The wner mut pride permiin

fr deacceining. The wner and the mueum aike can take the initiatie tward deacceining. Each pa a eparate re

andhasaspecicresponsibilityintheprocess:

The mueum pee the peciait knwedge and eperience regarding cectin management. It i therefre the mu-

eum which hud eect the bect which are t be deacceined, and nt the wner.

The eectin and deacceining hud be cnducted carefu. The deciin t deaccein an bect hud be made baed

n rean f cntent. The wner hud enure that the crrect prcedure i fwed. Thi guideine decribe the necear

prcedure.

The wner mut enure that an incme frm the ae f the bect hud be ued ecuie fr impring the quait f

the cectin thrugh purchae r actie cneratin/retratin f ther bect.

GlossARyDeacceining: Dnatin, echange, ae r detructin f bect frm the cectin. lng-term an f bect are emphati-

ca nt an apect f deacceining.

Mueum bect: A bect which are regitered in the cectin regitratin tem, a we a the bect current in the

mueum waiting t be regitered a part f the cectin.

surpu bect: obect which (can) n nger functin a part f the cectin and which ma therefre be cnidered fr deac-

ceining.

Recatin: Dnatin, echange r ae f bect t anther regitered r accredited mueum.


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1. PREPARATIoN

PRECoNDITIoNs

Ensurethatthepreconditionslistedbelowaresatisedbeforestartingtheselectionanddeaccessioningofobjects.Theseprecon-

ditin guarantee the crrectne and tranparenc f the peratin.

THE CoDE oF PRoFEssIoNAl ETHICs FoR MUsEUMs

The Cde f Prfeina Ethic fr Mueum i cmped f a number f principe and guideine fr prfeina mueum man-

agement. Utiie the cde in cnunctin with thi guideine a the bai fr deacceining peratin.

CollECTIoN PlAN

Draw up a cectin pan. The cectin pan i a dcument which pride inight int the miin and ga f the mueum, the

compositionandqualityofthecollection(thecollectionprole)andthepolicyregardingthecollection.

The hitr and miin f the mueum determine the manner in which the cectin i cmped. The characteritic cmpi-

tionofthecollectionisknownasthecollectionprole,whichisdescribedinthecollectionplan.Payattentiontothecontext

withinwhichtheproleisdened(international,national,regional,localcollectionsortheowncollection).Basedontheprole,

determinewhichobjectstinthecollectionandwhichdonot.Objectswhichdonottintheprolemaybeconsideredfordeac-

ceining.

Incude a tatement in the cectin pan abut eectin and deacceining. Make it cear that the entire cectin hud be

cnidered in the prce f deacceining, and that deacceining i a gica cnequence f cectin pic and that the

chice hud be made baed n the cnditin et fr the quait f the cectin. The cectin pan hud be made fr a pe-

riodoffourorveyears(apolicyperiod)andshouldbereconsideredorreplacedattheendoftheperiod.Itisadvisabletoaskthe

wner and/r the ubidiing authrit t cnent t the cectin pan, in rder t egitimie an deacceining peratin.

lEGAl AUTHoRIzATIoN To ACT

Determine whether the mueum directr ha receied authriatin regarding eectin and deacceining frm the wner/ega

authority,andthespecicconditionsofthisauthorization.Authorizationisthetransferofadministrativeauthority.Theadminis-

tratin f a cectin ma be tranferred t a mueum b uch authriatin.

Reeant dcument which ma determine authriatin are:

B-aw

jb aignment?

organiatin and authriatin agreementAdminitratie cntract

Management cntract


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Reguatin

Adminitratie priin

Mueum directr uua receie a b aignment frm the gernment which incude permiin t acquire and deacce-

in bect. Thee b aignment uua incude pwer f attrne a thi enabe the mueum t act a a ega pern fr

intance b acquiitin. If n agreement hae been made regarding eectin and deacceining, then it i adiabe t d .

The wner awa retain frma repnibiit; therefre the mueum mut enure that it pitin i er cear regarding deac-

ceining right.

MANAGEMENT AsPECTs

Pan arger deacceining peratin a prect, with attentin t the caic management apect f wrking n prect.

Deacceining peratin are metime a eriu burden fr the rganiatin. In rder t make a deacceining peratin

uccefu, it i imprtant that the effrt are we-budgeted, panned and rganied. B drawing up a pan fr the prect, the

mueum can etimate which reurce ma eentua be necear, and ma a gain inight int the etra (wrk) burden uch

an peratin ma pace n the reguar tak f the mueum taff.

The caic management apect f wrking n a prect are: rganiatin, time, funding, quait, infrmatin and cmmunica-

tin. Decribe thee eement in a prect pan.

NB: It i f cure nt necear t draw up a cmpete prect pan in rder t deaccein n a inge r a few bect. Thi i

the ame fr a ituatin wherein deacceining i aread part f the mueum reguar cectin pic.

PRojECT TEAM

The prect team i repnibe fr the eecutin f the deacceining peratin. It i adiabe t cear decribe the repni-

biitie and tak required frm the team member befrehand.

Keep the repnibiitie fr bect eectin and fr eecutin f the deacceining a eparate a pibe. Thi wi preent

continuingdiscussionabouttheselectionthroughtheexecutionprocess.Evensmallerorganizationswillprotfromkeepingthese

repnibiitie eparate.

TIME

Deacceining peratin uua take nger than anticipated, and ma eai at nger than a ear. When panning and ched-

uing time fr the peratin, keep the fwing factr in cnideratin:

obtaining permiin frm the wnerDrawing up eectin criteria, determining the deired deacceining methd, and frmuating the criteria fr the recatin

f the bect


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Recruiting eterna prect wrker

Deigning adminitratie prcedure and frm

seectin and the gitic arrangement fr that prce

Cmpeting the regitratin and (phtgraphic) dcumentatin f the urpu bect

Reearching the prenance, wnerhip tatu and the dnatin cnditin f the urpu bect

Frming an eterna reiew cmmittee

Tranprtatin and packing f the urpu bect t be recated, echanged r d

During recatin: unding ut an intereted partie and rganiing a manner fr them t epre their interet in the ur-

pu bect

BUDGET

Deacceining peratin uua take nger than anticipated, the ct f wage and aarie are an imprtant factr. seek a

baance between the ct f a cncientiu prcedure and the fund the mueum ma reanab epend n bect it wihe t

deaccein. other ct are the materia and packing ct, and the ct f detructin r dipa. Keep in mind that deacce-

ining peratin a require etra dept pace, bth t eparate eected bect and t be abe t pack them.

suppementar incme ma be generated b charging a handing fee fr recatin. sme fundatin ma a be wiing t ubi-

die a deacceining peratin, if the bect ined are (again) made acceibe t the pubic.

QUAlITy

Ensurethatthedeaccessioningoperationfullsthecriteriaforaccuracy,transparencyandaccountability.Thesefactors,together

with the aaiabe time and budget, determine the quait f the deacceining prcedure.

INFoRMATIoN

Enure that the prect i we-dcumented. Thi i nt n imprtant fr mnitring the prect, but a t pride accuntabi-

it afterward.

CoMMUNICATIoN

Draw up a cmmunicatin pan and pride an unambiguu meage. seectin and deacceining are item f pubic interet;

the pre and the pubic wih t be infrmed. Gd cmmunicatin ma pride the mueum and ther partie with inight int

the eectin and deacceining prcee and create a feeing f idarit.

In a paragraph n trateg, decribe which rganiatina ga can be reaied thrugh cmmunicatin. Thi cmmunicatin pan

hud anwer the fwing quetin:

Wh hud the cmmunicatin reach? Decribe the target grup a accurate a pibe and track them dwn if necear.

What mut be accmpihed with each target grup? Cmmunicatin prcee ften cnit f ariu phae. Cniderwhich apect wi be imprtant during which phae f the peratin.

Which ambaadr wi bet repreent the prect? Appint mene with enugh credibiit fr the target grup, fr in-


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stance:thechairmanofanorganization,theMayororaleadinggureintheeld.

Which meage hud be cneed? What are the imprtant fact, what wi each target grup be aked t d and hw wi it

be preented?

Whichmediumshouldbeused?Choosemediawithspeciccharacteristicsapplicabletothecommunicationgoal.Assesswhat

theinuenceandthecostswillbeforeachmediatype.

Wh i repnibe fr which actin and when hud thee be cmpeted? Appint mene t be repnibe fr each actin

panned and et a deadine. Decide wh i t act a the pkepern.

Ingeneral,theinternalcommunication(andorganization)shouldbeinorderrst,sothatthepersonnelwillbeinformedand

ined befre cmmunicating with eterna partie.


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2. sElECTIoN

GoAl oF THE DEACCEssIoNING oPERATIoN

Decribe wh bect are t be deacceined.

The primar ga f a deacceining peratin i uua t impre the quait and/r uage f the cectin and t narrw the

collectionprole.Thegoalmayalsobetondtheobjectstobedeaccessionedamorettinglocation,suchasamuseumwhere

theytbetterintothecollectionprole,orifthisisnotpossibleapublicinstitutionorprivatecollection.

sElECTIoN CRITERIA

Draw up criteria t hep decide which bect ma be cnidered fr deacceining and decide in which cntet() thee criteria

can be appied (internatina, natina, regina, ca cectin r the wn cectin).

There are numeru argument fr and againt deacceining f an bect. Decide which argument are mt appicabe t the

pitin f the mueum regarding cectin frmatin. Certaint regarding the miin and ga f the mueum, inight int the

nature and ie f the cectin and the pitin in reatin t few intitutin are imprtant in making thi deciin. Appendi 2

it a number f argument fr and againt deacceining. The Deta Pan criteria in Appendi 3 can a be ued t eauate the

argument fr deacceining.

Anther ptin i t wrk in reere and t ue the cectin criteria a the bai fr eectin. obect which d nt meet the

cectin criteria cud be deacceined. Appicatin f the cectin and eectin criteria wi pride a preiminar rugh

eectin f bect which ma quaif fr deacceining.

PlACING oBjECTs ToGETHER

Cnider phica pacing the eected bect tgether.

Pacing the bect tgether ma ead t a cearer iin f the cectin() t be deacceined, and preent deacceining

frm becming an adminitratie act perfrmed frm in frnt f the cmputer. Bringing the bect tgether a peed up the

processandallowsimmediatevericationofthepresenceoftheobjects.Itmayalsobehelpfultoplacetheobjectstogetherforan

iew da in the cure f the recatin prce (ee Chapter 3).

vERIFICATIoN

Afterthepreliminarygeneralselection,ensurethatthefollowingitemsareveried:thecultural-historicalvalue,thecomplete-

ne f the regitratin and (phtgraphic) dcumentatin, the prenance and the wnerhip, and the appicatin f an ubid

cnditin.


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CUlTURAl-HIsToRICAl vAlUE

Determine the cutura-hitrica aue f the bect b cnuting the Deta Pan tem r a imiar eauatin framewrk. Cu-

tura-hitrica ma a be interpreted a: natura-hitrica, academic, maritime, indutria r archaegica-hitrica.

Determine the cntet within which the aue criteria are t be cmpared.

sme bect are mre imprtant than ther. Each mueum ma make thi deciin fr itef. The cutura-hitrica aue deter-

mine a arge part f the effrt which much be appied when deacceining an bect. If the aue ha nt et been determined,

then the mueum i prbab nt et read fr eectin and deacceining. Deacceining f imprtant bect, uch a the

in the categrie A and B f the Deta Pan, mut be dne accrding t prcedure 1:

PRoCEDURE 1

Etabih the mtiatin and the deciin-making mment fr deacceining at the bect ee.

Regiter and phtgraph the bect in detai and cmpete the bect dcumentatin.Reearch the authenticit, prenance, and dnatin cnditin f the bect in rder t determine whether the ma be

deacceined.

submit the prpitin fr deacceining t eterna peciait and recrd their pinin in writing.

Hae the bect appraied.

Offertheobjectsrsttoothermuseumsforrelocationbeforeexploringotherdeaccessioningoptions.

Regiter wh the new wner i after recatin.

Deacceining f e imprtant bect, uch a the in the Deta Pan categrie C and D r bect which are damaged that

the ma be written ff, ma be perfrmed fwing a imper prcedure. Thi a appie t ub-cectin which are cmped

f arge quantitie f mre r e cmparabe bect (buk cectin) f w quait and f which the wnerhip and dnatin

cnditin are we-knwn. such cectin ma fw prcedure 2:

PRoCEDURE 2

Frmuate the mtiatin fr deacceining (fr the entire ub-cectin at nce).

Decribe the bect and phtgraph r decribe the ub-cectin in genera r with randm ampe. Make eriew pht-

graph.

offer the be ct t ther mueum fr recatin befre eing them utide the mueum ectr r detring them.

CollECTIoN REGIsTRATIoN AND PHoToGRAPHy

In rder t recate the bect we, the cectin regitratin and the phtgraphic dcumentatin mut be up-t-date. If thi

i nt (et) the cae, it mut be dne fr bect frm the A and B categrie. le imprtant ub-cectin frm the C and D

categrie ma be decribed in genera term and uing eriew phtgraph. If thi i impibe befre recatin, arrange fr

the new wner t regiter and phtgraph the bect, r hae the auctin hue d during the ae f the bect. In a cae,

enure prper dcumentatin.


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Man mueum pe unregitered r unabeed bect f itte aue, which the mueum ma wih t deaccein. Befre d-

ing , anwer the quetin wh the bect hae nt et been regitered r abeed. Pibe rean are:

Wrk backg

lw pririt

lw quait

Brken

origina accepted a temprar trage fr anther part, which ha cntinua been renewed

labe/ticker hae been t. Thee bect ma be regitered in the cmputer, card catague r the inentr bk.

When it i cear wh the bect hae nt been regitered, then determine the cutura-hitrica aue f the bect.

CoNsUlT ExTERNAl sPECIAlIsTs

Cnider cnuting eterna peciait befre deacceining in rder t weigh ther interet beide the mueum interet inthe prce.

When cnidering deacceining f bect frm the categrie A and B f the Deta Pan, cnut eterna peciait r herit-

age authritie. The Netherand Intitute fr Cutura Heritage can be cnuted fr bect in natina cectin. A princia

mueum cnutant ma be cnidered fr ther ituatin.

PRovENANCE REsEARCH

In the eectin phae f a deacceining peratin, cnduct a carefu reearch int the prenance f the eected bect. Pa

attentin t the fwing pint:

ownerhip

Depit

lan

Dnatin

Gift

Tetamentar dipitin and egacie

subidie

In thi guideine the ariu apect f a prenance reearch are handed a cmprehenie a pibe. In practice, a mueum

ma hae t dea with unique circumtance fr which thi guideine ha n apprpriate utin. It i therefre adiabe in uch

a ituatin t btain ega cune.

oWNERsHIP

The quetin f wnerhip i er imprtant during deacceining. Knw hw the bect came int the cectin and wh the

ega wner i.


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A mueum i n authried t tranfer wnerhip f an bect if it i the wner f the bect r if it ha permiin frm the

wner t d . N matter hw cmpe the mueum rganiatina tructure i, there are n tw appicabe ituatin:

1. The mueum i the wner f the bect.

2. The mueum i nt the wner, but the hder f the bect. The cncept hder mean that the mueum hd the bect fr

anther part and act a it adminitratr.

Ad 1.

If the mueum i the wner f the bect, then it i in principe authried t deaccein the bect. There ma be me retric-

tin, hweer, regarding dnatin and/r ubidied purchae. Thee retrictin are dicued bew.

Ad 2.

If the mueum i the hder f the bect, it require permiin frm the wner t deaccein them. The mueum i cnidered

t be the hder in the fwing ituatin:The mueum i the brrwer.

The mueum i the depitar.

In a ther circumtance in which the mueum i nt the wner, anther part pee the right t the bect, which are

hed fr that part b the mueum. In thee circumtance there ma be me caim t pein. A per with gd

intent gain wnerhip after a perid f three ear, if the per came int pein f the bect with gd intent.

A mueum ma nt uniatera decare itef t be the wner f bect it hd fr anther part, een if the mueum de nt

knw wh the wner i. A hder a cannt becme the wner f an bect imp thrugh the duratin f pein.

see Bk 3, Art. 107-125 f the Dutch Cii Cde.

DEPosIT

Determine whether the bect are hed in depit. A depit i an agreement thrugh which an bect i gien b a depitr t a

depitar (the mueum) in depit.

The main bigatin f the depitar are t hd and eentua return the bect(). Thi a impie that the depitar wi

care fr the depited bect.

We can peak f depit in the fwing circumtance:

obect which were ffered b the maker fr appraia with the intentin t e them. The were nt d, but hae been eft

in trage in the dept.

obect which hae been eft in the mueum under quetinabe circumtance in wartime.

obect which were paced in the mueum fr temprar trage and hae nt (et) been cected.

obect which hae been paced in the mueum fr appraia and hae nt (et) been cected.


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obect which b mitake hae been paced amng an item which hae been returned t the Mueum.

A a depit agreement can be cnidered binding b aent, it i ften that the agreement i nt recrded in writing. It i pi-

be that the cutd fee ha been put int writing in a eparate agreement. Prfeina trage wrker, the wh in the cure

f their prfein r indutr hae made a trage agreement, hae right t a cutd r trage fee. see Bk 7, Art. 600-605

f the Dutch Cii Cde.

The mueum hud be adied t d eerthing pibe t determine an bect prenance during the initia intaatin. If thi

i nt dne, then the bect cannt in principe be deacceined.

loAN

Return an t the ender r their heir r uccer.

strict peaking, an d nt fa under thi guideine. Nthing change in the wnerhip ituatin when the aned item arereturned t their wner. The bect are prpert f the ender and thi remain unti the bect are returned t their wner.

sti, there i gd rean t add ng-term an t thi guideine.

Intherstplace,inpracticeinmanymuseumslong-termloansareoftenseenaspartofthecollection.Long-termloansare

nrma a regitered in the cectin regitratin tem. When a ng-term an term i up, the wnerhip ituatin de

nt change, but the bect are remed frm the cectin regiter. In ding, ng-term an metime reembe deacce-

ining, athugh thi i nt the cae. In me ituatin, the an cannt be reered. Therefre, an are a dicued in thi

guideine.

Tw prbem ma ccur with an bect:

1. The ender i n nger traceabe

2. The ender refue t take the bect back.

Ad 1.

When the ender i n nger traceabe, then the brrwer ma nt cntinue with the deacceining prce. The ender ti re-

main the wner f the an. The brrwer i n the hder and can therefre nt caim wnerhip with gd intent. A uniateracanceatin f the an agreement i nt permitted. In thi cae, maintenance f the tatu qu r interentin frm the curt

are the n tw ptin. It i therefre adiabe t reguar bring an an agreement up t date.

Ad 2.

The ender ma refue t accept the bect. Athugh the brrwer i at a time required t return the an, there i n require-

ment fr the ender t take the an back. Therefre, if the brrwer wihe t return the bect but the ender refue t accept

them, a taemate ccur. sme pibiitie t e thi ituatin are:

- The ender dnate the bect t the brrwer, wh i then free t deaccein the bect.

- The brrwer requet the udge t require the ender t take the bect back if he i nt prepared t renunce wnerhip f the


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prpert.

- The brrwer k fr a third part wh i wiing t take the bect in an.

see Bk 7A, Art. 1777-1790 f the Dutch Cii Cde.

DoNATIoN

Donationisanagreementinwhichoneparty(thedonor)atthecostofhis/herownpropertyenrichesanotherparty(thebeneci-

ar). obect which are dnated ma be deacceined b the receier une certain cnditin are paced n the dnatin. Ethi-

ca cnideratin ma a ead t cautin in deacceining dnatin.

Dnatin i nt a uniatera ega tranactin, a a tetamentar egac i, but a reciprca agreement which riginate in the ffer

and acceptance f the attached cnditin.

In cae f an uncnditina dnatin, there i n retrictin againt deacceining f the bect. It i adiabe, hweer, t

infrm the dnr r hi/her heir f the cnideratin t deaccein the bect. If the dnr r heir bect t uch an actin, the

mueum ma cnider giing the bect back, r ma decide t make anther agreement with the dnr r heir.

Theconditionsplacedonthedonationformacontractualobligationforthebeneciary.Ifthebeneciaryactsinconictwiththe

conditionsplacedonthedonation,thenthebeneciarydefaultsonthedonation.Inthatcase,thedonormaysuethebeneciary.

Thejudgemaythendeclaretheagreementinvalidduetonon-complianceofthebeneciary.Thedonationthenrevertstothe

wnerhip f the dnr, and the udge ma decide wh mut pa the ct f the ega prceeding.

Thebeneciarymayrequestachangeofconditionsfromthecourt,aso-calledcancellation.

GIFT

A gift i a mnetar echange which de nt cer the true aue f an bect. A gift i an actin which impie that the acting

part enriche anther part at hi/her wn epene.

The difference between a dnatin and a gift i imprtant becaue a gift de nt imp an agreement, a a dnatin de. A gift

therefre de nt aw ega binding cnditin. Thi ack f reciprcit impicit in a gift i acking in a dnatin. An eampe f

a gift i the purchae f an bect fr a mbic price r a price bew market aue.


TEsTAMENTARy DIsPosITIoN AND lEGACIEs

Determine whether there are retrictie cnditin attached t the eected bect which ma hae been acquired thrugh a

egac r tetamentar dipitin.


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There i a difference between a tetamentar dipitin and a egac. A tetamentar dipitin i when a tetatr eae hi r

her entire etate t ne r mre indiidua, incuding a right and bigatin. A egac i a at wi and tetament in which the

testatorassignsarightofclaimforspecicallydelineatedgoodstooneormorepersons.

Tetamentar dipitin and egacie are bequet. A bequet differ uridica frm a dnatin in that a bequet de nt

imp an agreement. Thi mean that a egac r a tetamentar dipitin ma be acquired withut epicit acceptance. A with

a dnatin, a egac r tetamentar dipitin ma be retricted b cnditin r bigatin. such a cnditin r bigatin ma

be burdenme fr the mueum. In thi cae it ma cnider requeting an adutment r canceatin f the cnditin r biga-

tin frm the curt.

Awa cntact the egatee heir when deacceining an bect btained in a egac r tetamentar dipitin.

see Bk 4, Art. 42- 54 and Art. 115-134 f the Dutch Cii Cde.

sUBsIDIEs

Determine whether the eected bect were acquired r retred with ubidie. Were there retrictin r cnditin paced n

the ubid appra?

Granter f ubidie ma pace cnditin n the ubidie the award, fr intance requiring the mueum t requet permiin

when deacceining bect frm the cectin. If the mueum fai t d , the ubidier ma recaim the fund granted. If the

ubidier grant permiin fr deacceining, it i permitted t demand pament f (a part f) the prceed if the deaccein-

ing f the bect reut in an increae in the mueum equit.

see Chapter 4, Tite 4.2 f the Genera Adminitratie law Act and the Cutura Pic (specia-Purpe Funding) Act.

sHoRTlIsT oF sURPlUs oBjECTs AND REACHING A DECIsIoN

Aftervericationoftheobjects,drawupashortlistofsurplusobjects/sub-collectionsandsubmititwithmotivationsfordeac-

cessioningtotheauthorityqualiedtomakethedecision.Trytodevelopagraduateddecision-makingprocesswhereobjectsofitte aue ma be deacceined after a impe deciin-making prce, but bect f greater cutura-hitrica aue mut be

ubmitted t ne r mre higher ee f authrit, uch a: the management team, the uperir bard, the adminitratin,

the aderman and the municipa cunci.

MARKING oBjECTs

Cnider marking the bect n the hrtit in uch a wa that it i cear that the are t be remed frm the mueum cec-

tin. Thi i epecia adiabe nce the deciin i made t recate them and the are t be d r gien t ther partie r

mueum. Marking can preent uncertaint regarding the prenance f the bect, and ma be dne b engraing, tamping, r

branding.


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3. REloCATIoN

AlloCATIoN CRITERIA

Acatin criteria are the criteria that determine which mueum wi receie the bect t be recated.

Alwaysoffersurplusobjectstoothermuseumsrst.Trynottosellobjectstoothermuseums;saletransactionsofsurplusobjects

between curatr f natina cectin are nt permitted. Draw up cnditin fr accepting urpu bect. sme uggetin

fr acatin criteria are:

The grantee hud:

adminiter a cectin with imiar cntent

adminiter a cectin with a imiar wnerhip tatu (municipait-municipait, fr eampe)

clearlyexplaintheirinterestintheobjectsandtheargumentsfordeaccessioningtheobjectsshouldbereectedinthemoti-atin f the receiing mueum

be an imprtant partner fr cabratin

be cated in the ame cit, regin r prince

be regitered in the Dutch Mueum Regiter

be prepared t retre the bect

be prepared t regiter the bect and t make thi regitratin aaiabe

be prepared t pa a handing fee

be prepared t ign a tranfer decaratin

The bect t be deacceined hud frm a gd additin t the receiing mueum cectin.

Firstcome,rstserved.

obect cuter hud be kept tgether.

Tranprtatin and inurance ct (if an) hud be paid b the receiing mueum. Tranprt hud take pace within a

reanabe time frame.

Determine which f the criteria hud be deciie in acating the bect if mutipe mueum are intereted in the ame

bect.

HANDlING FEE

The handing fee (partia) cer the ct f uperiin, adminitratin and packing made b the mueum t make the urpu

bect read fr tranfer. The handing fee i nt reated t the aue f the bect, but i reated t the number f bect. The

fee hud be the ame fr a bect. Che a reanabe amunt that i in prprtin t the rea ct fr handing, but de

nt cntitute a barrier t recatin in anther mueum.


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INFoRM MUsEUMs

Infrm ther mueum f the intentin t deaccein the bect, a we a which bect are being cnidered fr recatin

and epain the acatin criteria.

Pride a reanabe time frame fr the mueum t react t the ffer. The mut be abe t becme acquainted with the bect

and make a deciin. Thi i partia dependent n the frm f cmmunicatin.

The fwing methd can be ued t infrm ther mueum:

1. Infrm a man mueum a pibe (imutaneu r in phae) abut the bect aaiabe fr tranfer.

2. Make direct cntact with mueum that might be intereted in the bect, epecia few mueum with imiar cectin.

Therstoptionispreferablebecauseitismoretransparent.

Cmmunicatin methd ma incude teephne, e-mai, etter, webite, mueum cnutant, ehibitin, trade urna, new-paper, r ia a Recatin databae

Indicate hw mueum hud rep and et a deadine. Annunce the acatin criteria in an ear phae f the cmmunicatin

prce.

ExHIBITIoN

Cnider making an ehibitin f the urpu bect. The ehibitin can ere a an eceent patfrm fr receiing reactin and

meauring interet.

In 2006, a number f mueum eperimented with making an ehibitin f bect the wihed t recate. Thee ehibitin

receied man reactin and cntributed t the tranparenc and accuntabiit f the deacceining peratin.

REloCATIoN DATABAsE

The recatin databae i an Internet patfrm where mueum ma ffer bect which are being cnidered fr recatin.

The webite i acceibe t eerne, but n mueum with a g-in cde ma react t the ffer f urpu bect. B pacing

urpu bect in the databae, the becme iibe fr ther mueum and each mueum ha the ame infrmatin at the ame

time. Each mueum et it wn acatin criteria. The Dutch recatin webite can be fund at: www.herpaatingdatabae.n.

HANDlING AND HoNoURING REQUEsTs

Reactin can be epected after mueum hae been infrmed abut the bect t be recated. Dea with the reactin a f-

w:

Regiter and acknwedge the reactin.

Cnider rganiing a dipa f the bect. The intereted partie wi uua wih t ee them befre making a deciin. A


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dipa da i epecia uefu if there are man bect r a arge number f intereted partie.

lit which acatin criteria were deciie in the acatin f the bect in the deacceining dcumentatin.

When panning a dipa da, cnider the fwing item:

In which pace (dept?) wi the intereted partie be wecmed?

Mut the bect be made read?

Are the intereted partie awed t hande the bect?

Hw ma the intereted partie cnut the regitratin data and/r the bect dcumentatin aaiabe?

TRANsFER

Finaie the tranfer f bect adminitratie b igning a tranfer decaratin, handing er the bect dcumentatin, rgan-

iing tranprt and cecting an handing fee r prceed frm the ae.

The mueum ma decide t recate the bect ia dnatin, gift, echange r ae.


DoNATIoN

Dnatin wa aread dicued in the chapter regarding prenance reearch. The dnatin prce i reered during reca-

tion.Themuseumisnolongerthebeneciarybutthedonorandthereforehasadifferentrole.

Cnider pacing cnditin n the dnatin. A mueum acting in the pirit f the Netherand Intitute fr Cutura Heritage

can et cnditin which ma guarantee that the dnated bect remain in the pubic dmain. Cnditin ma a preent the

objectsfrombeingtradedforprot.

sme pibe cnditin are:

Thebeneciarymustinformthedonorwhenconsideringdeaccessioningthedonatedobjects.

Thebeneciarymustreturntheobjectsiftheyarebeingconsideredfordeaccessioning.Atimelimitcanalsobeaddedtothiscondition,withinveortenyearsforexample.

The bect ma n be deacceined if the are recated t anther mueum.

Nt a cnditin are awed; it i nt permitted t frbid a mueum t eer deaccein a dnated bect.

GIFT

The mueum can a decide t tranfer the bect in the frm f a gift, fr which the receiing mueum pa n a mbic

amunt. Unike a dnatin, n cnditin ma be paced n a gift.


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ExCHANGE

Echange i an agreement in which the partie bige each ther t gie mething in rder t receie mething. Echange ma

be an ptin when deacceining a imited number f bect.

The reguatin fr echange are the ame a the fr ae, with the undertanding that each part i cnidered t be the eer

f the gd r erice the pride, and a the buer f the gd r erice the receie.

Befre echanging an bect, hae it appraied b an independent peciait. The etimated aue then pride a bai fr deter-

mining the aue f the trade and preent diagreement er the fairne f the echange.

T guarantee an bectie appraia, cntact an accredited auctin hue r a Federatin f Appraier/vauer, Brker and Auc-

tineer in Mabe Gd.

see Bk 7, Art. 49 and 50 f the Dutch Cii Cde.

No INTEREsT FRoM oTHER MUsEUMs

If n mueum are intereted in the bect, prceed with deacceining utide the mueum ectr. Thi can be dne thrugh

dnatin, echange r ae.

DoNATIoN

When panning fr deacceining the bect utide the mueum ectr, cnider the fwing factr:

The bect bet interet

The attentin and care the bect wi receie after dnatin

The bect iibiit

suggetin fr dnatin:

The maker f the bect, r hi/her heir, if it i a cpright bect

The rigina dnr r hi/her heir, if it had been dnated t the mueumCectr cub r aciatin

Educatin intitutin

other pubic intitutin

viitr t the mueum (a practice metime chen b technica r natura hitr mueum)

Nt:

Mueum taff r their famiie and acquaintance

Pace cnditin n the dnatin t prmte the crrect handing f the bect.


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ExCHANGE

see abe.

sAlE

There are tw frm f ae: priate ae and pubic ae thrugh an auctin. on dea with accredited brker/auctin hue.

PRIvATE sAlE

Priate ae are e tranparent than pubic ae, and are therefre e adiabe. There are me rean t che t e

priate, hweer, uch a:

Ineting in the reatinhip with the buer

The brker wrk thrugh a netwrk

The mueum knw a buer wiing t pa the aking price

ItismoreefcientforsellingasingleobjectorsmallnumbersofobjectsTime i nt an iue

PUBlIC sAlE

A pubic ae at auctin i preferabe due t the tranparenc f the prce. se the bect at an auctin if:

the mueum wihe t maintain maimum tranparenc.

the ae cncern a arge number f bect.

the bect mut be d within a imited time frame.

Make cntractua agreement with the auctin hue regarding:

supp f bect data

Appraia

sae cmmiin

Marketing, pubicit and catague, maiing

Phtgraph fr the catague

Tranprt and inuranceAuctin catin

Dipa da

Cmpitin f t

limit

Und bect

strage

Pament f the prceed



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sAlE AND REsAlE RIGHTs

Reae right i the inaienabe right f the maker f an rigina art wrk t hare in the increae in aue f hi/her wrk b recei-

ing a percentage f the receipt f an ubequent ae f that art wrk. Thi i an integra part f the Cpright Act f 1912.

Reae right i due if the buer, eer, r intermediarie are ined in the prfeina art trade, uch a auctin hue, brker

orgalleries.Resalerightisnotapplicablefortherstsaleoftheartworkby(orfor)themaker.

It i nt cmpete cear whether reae right i appicabe t mueum if the e a mdern art wrk direct t an intereted

party.Amuseumisnotconsideredtobeaprofessionalarttrader(asitisanon-protorganization),butitisnoteligibleforthe

eceptin aaiabe t a natura pern. Therefre, awa e mdern art wrk thrugh a prfeina intermediar: a brker

r auctin hue. In uch a cae, reae right mut be paid; the auctin hue mut arrange the pament f the prceed t the

maker.

see Art. 43-43g f the Cpright Act.


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4. CoNClUsIoN

PRoCEEDs

Inet the prceed frm the ae f bect ecuie n impring the quait f the cectin (purchae, retratin r actie

cneratin). Dicu inetment frm prceed with the wner at an ear tage in the prce.

REGIsTRATIoN

Update the (autmated) cectin regitratin with the data that the bect hae been remed frm the cectin.

Incude the new catin fr categr A and B bect. It i imprtant that data fr deacceined bect remain recrded in the

cectin regitratin, that an uncertaint regarding the prenance f the bect can be eai ed.

DEsTRUCTIoNDetructin f an bect i irreeribe. It i therefre adiabe t take a mment between eectin and the actua detructin f

theobjecttoreectonthedecisiontodestroytheobject.Sometimesnewinsightsformbasedoninformationthatwasnotavail-

abe at the mment f eectin, r the pinin f eterna partie. Enure that bect t be detred are actua detred and

d nt inadertent appear n the market. Make (eriew) phtgraph f the bect befre detructin.

CoPyRIGHT lAW AND DEsTRUCTIoN oF MoDERN ART

If the mueum decide t detr an art wrk, then it mut take int accunt the artit perna right baed n the Cpright

Act.

Cntact the artit r hi/her heir t btain permiin fr detructin in rder t preent actin iating the perna right f

the artit.

Infringement n cpright aw uua impie iega pubicatin r mutipicatin, but harming r mutiating a wrk can a be

cnidered infringement n the perna right f the maker.

The maker ha nt n a materia interet in the epitatin f hi/her wrk, but a an idea interet cnnected t being the

creatr: hi/her perna right. Thi mean that the artit perna right mut awa be taken int cnideratin.

An artit ma nt caim that detructin f an bect i an infringement n hi/her cpright. Cae aw indicate that detructin

isnotconsideredtobeharmasdenedintheCopyrightAct,andthatthepersonalrightsofthecreatorarenotinconictwiththe

detructin f (a phica pecimen f) the art wrk. When detring a unique pecimen, the wner i epected t hae a we-

funded rean t d . If there i n uch rean, that wud be cnidered abue f prpert right tward the creatr f the

bect. When detring an art wrk, it i therefre ita imprtant t dicu the intentin with the artit r hi/her heir.


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DEACCEssIoNING DoCUMENTATIoN

Dcument the deacceining peratin carefu and pride a much penne a pibe.

A thrugh dcumentatin pride accuntabiit and make future recntructin f the prce pibe. Make agreement

regarding trage catin and duratin f the deacceining dcumentatin. Due t the pubic nature f the cectin, deac-

ceining dcumentatin mut a be made acceibe fr third partie. Decribe the deacceining peratin in the annua

reprt.

APPENDIx 1


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APPENDIx 1ARGUMENTs FoR AND AGAINsT DEACCEssIoNING

The fwing i a it f man cmmn argument fr and againt deacceining, withut regard a t the aidit f the

tatement.

FoR DEACCEssIoNING:

Impring the quait f the cectin

Thedeaccessioningofobjectsleadstoimprovementsinthequalityofthecollectionandprovidesamoredenedcollection

prole.Theobjectscouldbereplacedbyqualitativelybetterorcomparableexamples.

Nt mueum quait

Theobjectshaveinsufcientinherentoraestheticqualityincomparisontosimilarobjects,ortheyareinsufcientlyrepre-

entatie.Change in cectin pic

Theobjectsnolongertinthecollectionduetoaredenitionorchangeinthecollectionpolicy.

Uage

The bect are n nger ued.

Iatin

The bect are iated within the cectin, and hae n inherent reatin t the ret f the cectin.

lack f interet

Publicandscienticinterestinoremotionalconnectionwiththeobjectsislacking.

Decreaing adminitratie burden

Deacceining the bect wud ighten the adminitratie burden f the cectin. Thi argument i epecia ued fr

arge r numeru bect.

Dupicate bect

The cectin pee bect that are (eact) the ame.

oerrepreentatin

The wrk f ne artit i errepreented, which make the cectin imbaanced.Brken

The bect are irreparab brken.

Heath rik/enirnmenta rik

The bect are a threat t the heath and afet f mueum taff r iitr (eampe: radiactie materia), r the hae a

negatie effect n the cneratin f ther part f the cectin.

Cectin mbiit and iibiit

Objectstbetterintoothercollectionsorwouldbemorettinginapublicinstitution.

Natin f rigin/rigina cntet

obect beng in the cuntr f rigin (cnia heritage r war trphie, fr intance). Dipered part can be re-united r be


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paced back int their rigina cntet.

Treatmentisnished

The treatment and handing (anai, dcumentatin, pubicatin) f the bect which are preent in arge number in the

collectionarenownishedandtheycannowbedeaccessioned(expeditionmaterial,samples,etcetera).

subtitutin

Theinformationonorfromtheobjectscanbecompletelysubstituted(example:newspapersonmicrolm).

Knwedge i incmpete

Knwedge abut the bect i incmpete r tta acking and can n nger r n with much effrt be retred.

Repaceabiit

The bect are eai repaceabe baed n dcumentar eidence (cnceptua art).

AGAINsT DEACCEssIoNING:Cherence

A cectin i mre than the um f it part. It i an eciting whe with it wn hitr which mut be repected.

Cectin hitr

Themannerinwhichthecollectioncameintobeingreectstheideasandopinionsofourpredecessorsregardingcollecting

and cneratin. The cectin hitr mut be repected.

Reputatin

Deaccessioningdamagesthemuseumsreputationasacollectionmanagementinstitution,breaksthecondencethatpeople

hae in the mueum and can ead ptentia dnr t be e eager t et g f their bect.

Unknwn apect

T much i ti unknwn abut the bect, and therefre n we-funded deciin can be made abut deacceining.

Memr

Mueum are repnibe fr ur cectie memr. Deacceining ead t memr .

Archie functin

Cectin hae an archie functin. The meaure f the bect aue i nt ecuie that f it utiit aue.

lng-term thinkingDeciin regarding deacceining are er dependent n current fad, dminant pinin r the tate f techng and ci-

ence. Tda dept item ma we be tmrrw materpiece (cautinar principe).

Pubic prpert

Mueum bect are pubic prpert, uua btained with cmmunit fund. Deciin regarding deacceining hud be

eft t a higher authrit than an indiidua mueum.

Market frce

Deacceining a arge number f bect can wer the market aue f imiar bect. Cnere, deacceining can a

create a demand, whie it i in the mueum and ciet interet t keep the market a imited and unintereting a pibe

(eampe: endangered pecie).

G d f th t k


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Gd fr the netwrk

The bect pride admiin t the cub f imprtant mueum and cntact. The bect cntribute t the tatu f the

intitutin a an imprtant urce f an materia.

Intrinic aue

The bect hae a high intrinic aue.

Verication

Theobjectscontinuetoconrmresearchresults,andmustthereforebekept.

APPENDIx 2


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APPENDIx 2DElTA PlAN CATEGoRIEs FoR THE PREsERvATIoN oF CUlTURAl HERITAGE

CATEGoRy A

Categr A bect r ub-cectin are the which are irrepaceabe and indipenabe in the cntet f the mueum ga

and the cuntr cutura heritage. Thee bect are genera fund in permanent ehibit.

1.Theobjectisauniquespecimen,holotype,paratypeorprototype:(adatedandsignedobjectforex-

ample).Scientictextshavebeenwrittenbasedonthisobject;itwasusedasanexampleinthedescriptionofaspecies.Whenuti-

lizingthiscriteriononeshouldbeconservativewiththeuseofthewordunique,asthisisnotaveryspecicterminarthistory

tet.

2.Theobjectillustratesanessentialphase/revolutionintheworkoftheartist,ofaschoolorofadevelopment

inscience.Thismaybetherstworkinwhichtheartistexploresanewdirection,artworkswhichcanbeaccuratelyplacedintime r catin becaue the detai f the cmmiin are knwn, r an art wrk with a new icngraph.

3.Theobjecthasarelationwithanimportanthistoricalevent,itisaclearreminderofindividualsoroccur-

rence which are imprtant fr the cuntr r internatina hitr. Eterna appearance r aethetic appreciatin i cmpete

irreeant fr eauating thi criterin.

Thee criteria cnfrm t the criteria decribed in the Cutura Heritage Prtectin Act.Thi accurate decriptin f categr A de-

nesindividualobjectsconsideredtobethehighpointsofDutchculturalheritage,andthereforeofnationalimportance.Utiliza-

tin f thee criteria i eaier fr indiidua bect than fr ub-cectin, which reguar cntain bect which d nt cmp

with categr A criteria (see item 6 bew).

It i pibe that the aue f the ub-cectin ma be cnidered a categr A, depite the preence f categr B r een C

bect. The aue f the cectin a a whe can eceed that f the um f it part.). In man, r een mt cae, the bect in

the ub-cectin hud be appraied indiidua and diided b percentage int A, B, C, r een D categrie.

CATEGoRy B

4.Theobjectisoftendisplayedintemporaryexhibitions.Thisalsoappliestoobjectswhichmaynothave

asignicantartvalueorcultural-historicalvalue,butdohaveahigh.

5.Theprovenanceoftheobjectisimportantorimpliescertainobligations.Someexamplesmaybeacquisi-

tin made b preiu directr, ften baed n a cntrating iin f the mueum purpe, uch a the cnia rigin f the

ariu ethngica mueum

6 The object is part of an ensemble which meets certain criteria either in whole or in part but which the


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6.Theobjectispartofanensemble,whichmeetscertaincriteria,eitherinwholeorinpart,butwhichthe

bect itef de nt meet.

7.Theobjectholdsimportantdatawhichdonotmeetthecriterialistedabove.Someexamplesare

atae r archaegica cectin.

The interpretatin r utiiatin f certain criteria ma ar amng the different tpe f mueum. Cutura hitr mueum

ften wn cectin with a high geneagic aue, but a ma cnider preentatin aue t be imprtant.

Naturalhistorymuseumsplacemoreemphasisonthevericationcriteria:scienticpublicationsoftenrequirevericationand

evaluation.Vericationanddocumentationarealsoimportantforarchaeologicalcollections.Thecriterionfordocumentation

valueisinitselfinsufcienttoplaceanobjectincategoryB;todoso,theobjectorsub-collectionmustalsomeetanothercat-

egr B criterin.

CATEGoRy C

CategoryCobjectsdonotmeetoneormoreofthecriteriaforcategoryAorB(seeB7).CategoryCobjectsalwaystintothe

mueum miin tatement. Thee bect hud genera be tred in the dept under gd circumtance fr preentie

cneratin. Hweer, the ma be aned t third partie r deacceined (recated, detred).

When cnidering deacceining, eauate t which degree dcumentatin, uch a decriptin, phtgraph r ther image,

canreplacetheobject.Onlyafew(art)objectswillprovidesignicantproceedswhensold.Anillegitimatecriterionforthelowest

categorywouldbethattherestorationoftheobjectwouldbedisproportionatelyexpensive(agcollections,forexample).These

bect mut be paced in mthba, but hud remain in categrie A r B.

CATEGoRy D

Thi categr cntain the bect bet decribed a raritie r prp. Thee are bect which hud neer hae been inen-

toriedasamuseumobject,becausetheyhavelittletonoculturalvalue.Suchobjectsmaysometimesllaroleassupportforthe

presentation,butifthisisnotthecase,thecollectionshouldbepuriedoftheseobjectsthroughdeaccessioningordestruction.Objectsorcollectionswhichdonottthemuseumsmissionstatement,butareof(signicant)culturalvaluemayalsobeplaced

incategoryD.Theyshouldbeconsideredforexchange,loan,or(asanaloption)deaccessioning.

dutch guideline for deaccesioning of museum objects

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