©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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528 am EST Fri Nov 7 2003

... Winter Storm Warning today...

Expect lake effect snow showers to accumulate an additional 3 to 5 inches today. Sustained west to northwest winds of 20 to 30 mph with gusts to 40 mph will cause considerable blowing and drifting snow with near whiteout conditions at times into the afternoon.

Look for the snow showers to continue at a reduced intensity tonight... with an additional 1 to 3 inches of snow possible.

If you must drive in the warned area... be prepared for hazardous travel conditions and rapidly changing visibility. Carry a winter survival kit in your car in case you get stranded.

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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National Ambient Air Quality Standards------------------------------------------------------------------------Carbon Monoxide (CO)8-hour Average 9 ppm (10 mg/m3) Primary1-hour Average 35 ppm (40 mg/m3) Primary

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.053 ppm (100 µg/m3) Primary & Secondary

Ozone (O3)

    1-hour Average 0.12 ppm (235 µg/m3) Primary & Secondary

Lead (Pb)    Quarterly Average 1.5 µg/m3   Primary & Secondary

Particulate (PM 10)   Particles with diameters of 10 micrometers or less    Annual Arithmetic Mean 50 µg/m3   Primary & Secondary    24-hour Average 150 µg/m3   Primary & Secondary

Particulate (PM 2.5)       Particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometers or less     Annual Arithmetic Mean **15 µg/m3   Primary & Secondary    24-hour Average ** 65 µg/m3   Primary & Secondary

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

    Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.03 ppm (80 µg/m3) Primary    24-hour Average 0.14 ppm (365 µg/m3) Primary    3-hour Average 0.50 ppm (1300 µg/m3)Secondary

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Los Angeles: 1943Photo courtesy of Los Angeles Times Collection, Department of Special Collections, UCLA Library

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120 ppb

Los Angeles, CA

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/ozone.html

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/carbon.html

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/lead.html

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/sulfur.html

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html

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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Primary Pollutants

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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SO2 -> SulfateSO2 -> Sulfate

SO2SO2

O3O3 OHOH

H2O2H2O2

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Haze

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Particles Source: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Data/GraphicViewer/seasonal.htm

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Primary Pollutants

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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Visibility Degradation

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Haze in National Parks

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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chinaQuickTime™ and a

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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chinaQuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

PBL

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Particles Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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©2003 P. Samson, University of Michigan

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