duane phillips, mpm director of project management
TRANSCRIPT
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Duane Phillips, MPMDirector of Project Management
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Understand what structure deflection is and the impacts to design & construction
Understand the mechanisms behind what drives structure deflection and its design implications
Discuss the construction impacts of structure deflection and construction considerations
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Deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load.
Measure of the amount of movement from unloaded (resting) position
Components: pole top, arms
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Some deflection is inevitable in any structure materials
Manufacturing cost savings with a reduction in steel (significant)
Shifts further away from brittle fracture point (stress & strain resulting in failure)
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Reliability› Recurrence Interval/Return Period› Operational Contingencies
Safety› Construction› Operation› Maintenance
Existing Codes› 2012 NESC
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Maximum un-factored loads
Should not cause damage to structure
Based upon the facility configuration & resulting loads
Maximum factored loads
Should not cause failure of structure
Based upon the ultimate strength of installed components
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Among Sub-Systems› Tangent Structures› Angle Structures› Dead End Structures› Conductor
Within Sub-Systems› Structure› Foundation› Hardware
Weakest
.
.
Strongest
Weakest
.
Strongest
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Types of Structures Monopole H-frame/Multi-pole Lattice
Deflection Points Structure Shaft (pole top - vertical) Arms (arm tip – vertical & transverse)
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Various loads act on structure simultaneously
Very unlikely that every load will reach ultimate load at once
For ultimate loads, design specifications provide factors for load magnification
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Conductor Point Loads› Wire Tension & Wind› Vertical Load Weight Span NESC Ice Load Local Utility – Extreme Ice
Pole Self-Weight Wind Acting on the Pole Hardware Construction
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Weight Span Concept
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Continental Winds› NESC Rule 250 C [Based on ASCE 7-05]
Not applicable if structure or attachments does not exceed 60 feet above ground
Load (lbs) = .00256*(Vmi/h)2*kz*GRF*I*Cf*A(ft2)
V → Basic Wind Speed kz → Velocity Pressure CoefficientGRF → Gust Response Factor I → Importance FactorCf → Shape Factor A → Projected Area
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Sag and tension are inversely proportional.As one increases, the other decreases.
Tension = span2 x weight/foot of wireSag x 8
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Transverse & Longitudinal Load due to Conductor Tension› Changes in Line Direction› Span Length Variation› Unbalanced Ice› Broken Wires› Dynamic Loads
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Based on total loads applied to structure & components
Comparison to design specification limits (allowable deflection)
Considers total load vs. vibration impacts› Some deflection is fine – too much is not
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Determine forces & associated stresses
Apply each load combination
Define critical demands
Max Load Demand ↔ Design Load Limits
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Used to optimize design (situational)
Operational or ultimate limits may govern specific feature
Should include both strength and fatigue design loading
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Clearances → additional sag › Other facilities & electrical ‘window’
Adjacent span sag/tension
Moment impacts to foundation
Constructability› Wire sag/tension specifications› Aesthetics
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Safety → understanding deflection & potential energy
Wire installation → properly sag/tension› Alternate means of sag verification› Shift installation sequence› Temporary guying deadends
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‘Up front’ discussion on means & methods of wire installation
Clear specification requirements
Review/approve wire installation methods
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Manufacturing cost reductions (quantity of steel)
Shift in field aesthetic perspective
Changes in means & methods of wire installation
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Duane Phillips, MPMDirector of Project Management