Dual Enrollment AP Biology NVCC BIO 101 and BIO 102

Summer Assignment/Review

Welcome to Dr. Swanchara’s DE Biology class. If you need to contact me, my email is karen.swanchara@lcps.org. This is an 8 credit college level class that a Freshman or 18 year old at a college would be enrolled in for two semesters. It is understood that students entering this class have a foundation and fundamental understanding of basic biology and chemistry entering this class. In order to prepare for DE Biology, it is important for you to review the material you learned in 9th/10th grade Biology. The following activities will help you do that. Any new material and any questions you have from these chapters will be reviewed in class the first week of school. There are 3 parts to the Summer Assignment/Review:

1. Complete Book Review and submit by August 31st to TurnItIn.com. Instructions will be given in class the first week of school.

2. Complete Reading Guides as Review 3. Purchase the AP Biology Review Guide and a Lab Notebook

*** Failure to Read these instructions and complete the 3 parts to this assignment will result in a deficit in your knowledge necessary for this class and the assignments will need to be completed once school has started, this is a college level class and is treated as such ******

1. Summer Reading Assignments: Instructions: Pick one of the books from the list below, they can all be found in the Riverside library and

can be checked out over the summer. The books can also be found in the Loudoun County Public Library

or purchased online. This assignment will be submitted to TurnItIn.com by August 31st. Your instructor

will provide instructions the first day of class.

Type a 3-5 page essay (12 pt, ds, 1 inch margins with a title) that covers the following:

Things to include in your essay: 1. Include a brief summary of the book in the opening paragraph to introduce the theme of the book. 2. Look at the end of this packet for the 4 Big Ideas, 7 Unifying Themes and 55 Essential Knowledges of AP

Biology. Choose passages from the book that demonstrate TWO (2) different Enduring Understandings per Big Ideas. Since there are 4 Big Ideas, you must choose 8 different passages (2/Big Idea) for 8 different Enduring Understandings.

3. Explain how each passage relates to the Enduring Understandings and the Big Ideas. • Write one paragraph for each of the 4 Big Ideas. Clearly state which Enduring Understanding you

are using as examples by UNDERLINING the BIG IDEA and the 2 ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS.

4. Write a paragraph on what you learned from this book. (do not say you already knew the information) 5. Write a paragraph that describes your feelings, thoughts, and any new questions or concerns that you

have after reading this selection. Did this book influence what you know or think about science?

Reading List:

o Why We get sick - Randolph M Nesse and George C Williams o The Hot Zone - Richard Preston o The Language of Genes - Steve Jones o The Universe Within - Neil Shubin o Your Inner FIsh - Neil Shubin o When Germs Travel - Howard Markel o The story of the human body - Daniel Leiberman o Microcosm - Carl Zimmer o The Beak of the Finch - jonathan Weiner o The Undead - Dick Teresi o The Sixth Extinction - Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin o Our Daily Poison – Marie-Monique Robin o T-rex and the Crater of Doom – Water Alvarez o Identically Different Why we Change our Genes – Tim Spector o The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lax – Rebecca Skloot

2. Complete the 4 Reading Guides and Graphing Practice by August 31st 2018: The first chapters of our Advanced Biology book cover background information from your Biology class. These reading guides are meant as a review of what you have previously learned. They are due on August 31st To complete the following reading guides, I highly, highly

recommend the Preparing for the Biology AP Exam (Pearson

Education AP Test Prep) 3rd Edition (available on Amazon ) or use the online website for your textbook

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/raven6b/information/olc/samplechapter.mhtml 3. Purchase a Lab Notebook for this class:

Life Sciences Student Lab Notebook: 70 Carbonless Duplicate Sets by Hayden-McNeil Specialty Products (Author)

You can also purchase a copy of an additional AP Biology book if you want a more readable and understandable Biology book for this course. I recommend buying a used copy or E Textbook version of:

Principles of Life High School Edition 1st Edition by David M. Hillis (Author), David E. Sadava (Author), Heller (Author), Mary V.

Price (Author)

Summer Enrichment Project All work must be done by hand – do NOT do the reading guides or vocabulary on the computer. This work is for you; complete sentences are not required; drawings are strongly recommended. Vocabulary Make flash cards for the following words with the word on one side and the definition on the back. DO NOT copy from the text book or other source. Put the definitions in your own words to receive credit! I need to know you understand the meaning of the term, not that you can copy out of a book. Diagrams help most people learn and are encouraged!

Ch. 1 1. inductive reasoning 2. deductive reasoning 3. homologous 4. analogous

Ch. 2

1. atomic number, atomic mass 2. isotope 3. radioactive isotope 4. half-life 5. cation, anion 6. oxidation/reduction 7. octet rule (rule of eight) 8. ionic bond 9. covalent bond 10. polar 11. hydrogen bonds 12. specific heat 13. hydration shell 14. cohesion 15. adhesion 16. properties of water 17. hydrophilic, hydrophobic 18. buffer

Ch. 3

1. dehydration synthesis/hydrolysis 2. peptide bond 3. polypeptide 4. motif 5. domain 6. primary, second, and quaternary structure

of proteins 7. chaperonins 8. denaturation 9. dissociation 10. nucleotide (include a diagram of the

structure) 11. complementary 12. ATP (include structure and show where

energy is stored) 13. phospholipid

14. triacylglycerol 15. terpene 16. steroid 17. monosaccharide (include examples) 18. disaccharide (include examples) 19. isomer 20. glycogen 21. cellulose 22. chitin

Ch. 26

1. homeostasis 2. Miller-Urey experiment 3. microfossil 4. primary abiogenesis 5. coacervate 6. prokaryote 7. eukaryote 8. archaebacteria 9. methanogen 10. extremophiles 11. anaerobic 12. halophile, thermophile 13. eubacteria 14. endosymbiotic theory

Reading Guides:

o Chapter 1 – The Science of Biology Reading Guide and vocabulary

o Chapter 2 - The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Reading Guide and vocabulary o Chapter 3 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Reading Guide and vocabulary

o Chapter 26 – The Tree of Life Reading Guide and vocabulary

Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Raven and Johnson, 2011

1. All Living things have 7 basic characteristics. Briefly describe each one.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

2. The biological world is organized in levels that build on the level below it. Briefly describe each

one.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

3. What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Give an example of each.

4. How does a scientific theory differ from a hypothesis?

5. Briefly describe Darwin’s trip on the Beagle.

6. What were Malthus’ main conclusions? How do these relate to natural selection?

7. Briefly describe evidence that led Darwin to the idea that evolution occurs by natural selection?

8. How did artificial selection add to Darwin’s belief in natural selection?

9. Who was Alfred Russel Wallace?

10. Did Darwin include the evolution of humans in his books?

11. How have the following added to the theory of evolution recently?

a. fossil record

b. age of the Earth

c. mechanisms of heredity

d. comparative anatomy

e. molecular evidence

12. What are the 7 unifying themes in Biology. (see last pages of this packet) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6 7.

Chapter 2: Nature of Molecules and Properties of Water Raven and Johnson, 2011

1. Briefly review the structure of atoms.

2. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Explain what these numbers mean and how to get them.

3. Draw the structure of a carbon molecule using energy rings. How many valence electrons does it have? How many bonds can it form?

4. What is an isotope? How do the isotopes of carbon differ from one another?

5. The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5600 years. If a sample contains one gram of C14, how many grams would it have contained 11200 years ago? (Yes you have to show your work.)

6. What is an ion? anion? cation? Are their masses different than the neutral atom?

7. What happens when an electron changes energy rings?

8. Explain oxidation and reduction. These are important terms that we will be using throughout the year.

a. oxidation b. reduction

9. Why are valence electrons important in chemical reactions? 10. What is the octet rule and how does it affect the chemical nature of atoms? Does helium fulfill the

octet rule (this is tricky!)? 11. How do atoms form ionic or covalent bonds? Give an example of each. 12. Draw 2 atoms forming a covalent bond. An ionic bond.

13. Which is the strongest covalent bond - single, double, or triple bond?

14. What is a chemical reaction? What things affect chemical reactions?

15. Why is water considered to be made of polar covalent bonds?

16. What are hydrogen bonds?

17. List the special properties of water and why they are important to living things.

18. Why are hydrogen bonds important for the properties of water?

19. Sketch a few water molecules. Indicate the polarity and where the H-bonds form. 20. How does water organize nonpolar molecules such as lipids?

21. Explain pH. What does it measure? Give examples.

22. A substance at pH 6 will have how many more hydrogen ions than a substance of pH 9?

23. How do buffers work? Why are they necessary in living systems?

Chapter 3: Chemical Building Blocks of Life Raven and Johnson, 2011 1. What do biologic organic molecules consist of mostly? 2. Functional groups have specific chemical properties. Give the structural formula of each of the

following functional groups and where they are found.

Group Structural formula Found in:

Hydroxyl

carbonyl - aldehyde

carbonyl - ketone

carboxyl

amino

sulfhydryl

phosphate

methyl

3. Describe the reaction by which chemical subunits are put together to make macromolecules. 4. Describe the reaction by which macromolecules are disassembled into subunits.

5. What is the basic ratio of carbon, hydrogen , and oxygen in carbohydrates?

6. What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide? 7. What are the two 5-carbon sugars? the three 6-carbon sugars? 8. What is an isomer? 9. What are the components of the disaccharides maltose, sucrose, and lactose? 10. Complex carbohydrates are energy-storage molecules. What are starch and glycogen, and where

are they found? 11. Complex carbohydrates can also be used for structure. What are two important structural

carbohydrates, and where are they found? 12. Draw a nucleic acid including all 3 components. 13. What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines? Draw them. 14. What are the basic structures of (a) DNA, (b) RNA, (c) ATP?

15. What are the 7 functions of proteins? Give an example for each.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

16. Draw the structure of an amino acid.

17. What does the ‘R’ stand for? 18. What are the 5 side group categories? These are important in how proteins fold. 19. What is the bond called that connects amino acids into peptides?

20. The way proteins fold is very important to how they function. What are the 4 levels of protein structure? Indicate what bonds are used to maintain these structures.

21. What are motifs and domains? 22. What is the function of a chaperone protein?

23. What diseases can result from incorrectly folded proteins? 24. How does denaturation differ from disassociation? 25. Describe and give examples of these other types of lipids:

a. triacylglycerol

b. steroids

c. terpenes

d. prostaglandin

26. Why are saturated and unsaturated fats different structurally? 27. Phospholipids are the main molecules of biological membranes. Draw a diagram of the basic

structure of a phospholipid. Include glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Indicate the hydrophilic (water-soluble) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble) ends.

28. Why do phospholipids form membranes while triglycerides form insoluble droplets? Chapter 26: The Tree of Life Raven and Johnson, 2011

1. What are the 8 fundamental properties of life? Give an example of each.

2. What are the 3 theories of the origin of life, briefly describe each one? Which do you think is a plausible theory?

3. What type of evidence would you accept to support the claim that life has been found on Mars?

4. How did Miller and Urey’s experiment support the spontaneous origin of life theory? What compounds have been made using their techniques?

5. Which do you think sound more likely as the first major molecules: RNA, proteins, or peptide-nucleic acid? WHY?

6. What role did Cyanobacteria play in transforming the Earth’s atmosphere? 7. Explain how taxonomists name and group organisms. 8. What are the origins of the nuclear membrane and the ER thought to be? 9. What is Lynn Margulis’s theory of endosymbiosis? What organelles are involved?

10. Complete the following table.

Organization of Living Organisms

Domains

Eukarya

Kingdoms

Maj

or

ch

arac

teri

stic

s o

f ea

ch k

ingd

om

Example organisms

11. What is an evolutionary advantage of compartmentalization? 12. What is an evolutionary advantage of multicellularity? 13. What is an evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction? Can all eukaryotes undergo sexual

reproduction?