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Problem Situation

Mrs James is an elderly lady, who is fond of inviting her

friends for luncheon and tea. Her tea is located on the

opposite side of the house on an open front porch and

she has to prepare in the kitchen which is on the otherside of the house.

She has a luncheon and tea at her home twice a week.

Mrs James is experiencing difficulty bringing tea and

luncheon to her friends due to her declining physical

strength because of her authorities. She sometimes

has to make numerous trips back and forth to the and

kitchen and outside porch. The load may be too heavy

and because of shaky hands this often results in the tea

being spilt or splashed.

Mrs James lives alone, and her friends who are elderly

as well are no better to transporting the luncheon and

tea than she is.

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Design Brief

I feel the there is a need to design and make an

artefact that will make it easy for Mrs James to

transport her luncheon and tea.

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Situation Analysis

I have observed that the luncheons and teas arecarried on a tray to the outside porch (tea area).

Mrs James told me she has to make numeroustrips when transporting the tea.

I observed it is hard and causes pain for Mrs Jamesto carry heavy loads and sometimes tea is split and

splashed on the floor of her home.

I observed that the kitchen is a long distance fromthe tea area for Mrs James and any elderly adult.

Mrs James caters for four people including herself.1.Who will use the artefact?2.Where will it be used?3.Why will it be necessary?4.When will it be used?5.

What material should it be?

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6.What appearance should it portray?7.How will it be move (transported)?8.

How the cutlery and tea utensils wouldbe held.

1.Mrs James, her friends andanyone who may visit her

home.

2.Mainly from the kitchen tothe outside porch (tea area)

and maybe from the kitchen

to the dining table.

3.To carrier the luncheon andtea safely and in a neat

manner to the outside

porch to avoid making a

mess.

4.Whenever Mrs James wantsto carrier tea or food to thefar parts of her home but

will be used mainly twice a

week when she has her

luncheons and tea.

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5.The material should bestrong and easily cleaned

after use by Mrs James.6.It should be attractive and

aesthetically appealing to

Mrs James and have a good

finish to avoid any

impurities on the material.

7.It should be easy to movearound and sable when

being moved or kept still.

8.They will be held on fixedtrays on the construction.

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Research & Analysis

1This is an attractive design featuring all wood

construction

However its functionality is impaired due to onlyhaving two wheels.

It exhibits a fairly complex construction which maybe difficult to make and has a removable tray on

the top level which is a good idea.

The removable tray can be taken off and placed ona surface like a coffee table.

It looks to be more suitable for outside use as cause of

its looks.

This trolley seems to be designed with serving merely

to look attractive in mind and has caused a decrease infunctionality.

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Limitations

The finish of the product can be improved by applyingvarnish it will make it more attractive.

The material used is teak and is heavy

It has a thin construction with no grip for the user.

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2 Research & AnalysisThis is a simpler design that is all metal in construction

It is highly functional and has four wheels so lesseffort is required to move it.

It appears easy to clean and features a simplestraight forward construction.

It appears to be fully function able and being metal is

more than capable of supporting a heavy load and its

flat surface makes it easy to work off.

However its bottom tray is too low to the groundfor comfortable use by an elderly adult as u

strains your back to reach the bottom tray.

It has a very good finish with a protective coat of paint

and so it is unlikely that any liquid may damage it untilpaint wears off.

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Limitations

If the artefact is left in the sun it well get hot and well

be difficult to use.

It has a bottom tray which makes it uncomfortable for

use by any elderly adults as they have to stretch and

strain their backs when bending.

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3 Research & AnalysisThis is a strange design that purpose is probably to

save on space.

The wheels are large in proportion to the rest of its

structure and this is to try increasing its poor stability.

The finish on the trays appears attractive as, dosethe wood used however the overall design is notvisually appealing.

The artefact appears easy to clean but again thebottom tray is placed too low to the ground to

facilitate easy use and the design would be

somewhat better if the bottom tray where higher

up.

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Limitations

This design has a very limited storage capacity.

It also has a very unstable look caused it being taller

Than it is long this raises the centre of gravity of the

artefact and makes it more susceptible to toppling

over.

The square grip is ergonomically very poor and appears

very uncomfortable to hold.

Overall the design is unsuitable, its good points are

the finish on the trays and its conservation of space

however it appears to be functioning able.

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4 Research & Analysis

This is a functional, attractive and very modern lookingdesign.

Featuring stainless steel and plastic constructionthis trolley has a large surface area for placement

of items being transported.

Featuring a strong looking construction it appearslight weight and fast moving due to four wheels

with a large circumference.

This trolley appears very hygienic due to the use of

stainless steel and a wide flat surface but will have to

be thoroughly cleaned regularly.

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Limitations

This artefact has two nonrotating wheels which limit itsmanoeuvrability somewhat, but it should not be too

difficult to manoeuvre.

The space between the handles and the top tray

appears too small for comfortable use and the tray

might dig into the users hands so the trolley could usesome improvements to its ergonomics.

This trolley is a good design and it appears very stableit features intelligent use of materials and definitely

fulfils its function.

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Specification

Performance/Function

The trolley should be able to be easily movedaround.

Full cups of tea and plates of cake present noproblem.

The trolley should be able to be taken fromstorage and used directly without any setting up

being necessary.

No damage to any furniture or equipment shouldbe inflicted by the trolley.

Function

Capacity: the artefact should be able to carry a

minimum of six teacups, six saucers, eight teaspoons,

six side plates, six cake forks, a teapot, a milk jug, a

sugar bowl and spoon, one serving platter or plate. It

should also have room for a small amount of extra

cutlery or extra plates.

The artefact should be able to support a minimum of

twelve kilograms to ensure that it can carry the load.

Stability: the artefact should be stable at all times and

not inclined to topple over when moving or stationary.

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Mobility: The artefact should not be difficult to move

along polished wood or carpeted floors as it will not be

mobile for the user.

Weight: The artefact should be light weight, but have

high strength to weight ratio.

Ergonomics

The trolley should be operated comfortably from astanding position without the need for bending, by

left handed and right handed people alike.

Only a relatively small force should be required topush the trolley.

Aesthetics

The trolley should have an attractive finish ex.Wooden parts should be varnished etc. Parts

should have no surface defects but smooth.

It should be aesthetically appealing. The trolley should look efficient at its job and long

structured and appealing.

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Environment

The trolley should be able to with-stand beingbumped and stretched and knocked on doors

and walls in a home without a subsequent loss

of performance.

The materials used should be able to with-standexposure to hot water or tea being spilt on it

and also the exposure to a wet surface forseveral hours.

Shelf Life

The trolley should have a shelf life of a year.Safety

The artefact should minimize on the danger of scalding

from spillages of the hot liquids being transported

when the artefact is in use.

The artefact should minimize on the danger to other

furniture in the event of a collision when in use.

The artefact should minimize the danger to people

other than the user in the event of a collision when in

use.

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The artefact should not have any overly sharp edges

that will be able to cut those present in use bearing in

mind that the other people have softer skin that ismore inclined to tear.

Materials

The artefact should preferably use materials that are

relatively cheap and available in hardware shops.

Durability: the artefact should be capable of with-

standing abuse in the form of accidental knocks.

Water Resistance: the artefact is for use in a role

involving various liquids and assorted food stuffs-therefore it should not be damaged or in any way

impaired by contact with either of the above.

Maintenance

The trolley must be easy to clean in the event of any

spillages.

The artefact should be easy to clean with no hard to

reach places and it should also have smooth surfaces

that dirt does not stick to easily, and surfaces that

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should not be damaged by use of common house

detergents.

Manufacture

Construction: The artefact should not be difficult to

manufacture so the construction should not be overly

complex.

Cost: should cost no more that so that clients

may easily purchase the product.

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Evaluation of possible Solution 1The design is checked against the product design

specifications to reveal its suitability for solving the

problem and fulfilling the design brief.

Capacity:

The solution has a wide surface area and the two levels

including the additional surface area of the tray that

slides out.

Stability:

This solution has a wide wheelbase and is low to the

ground so it has good stability and is unlikely to toppleover. Having the castors on a cross rail means there is

no chance of it rocking.

Mobility:

This solution will have limited mobility due to the

sliding tray, which will have to be slide in before the

artefact is moved; once the tray is closed the artefact

will be smaller thus being easier to manoeuvre.

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Weight:

Due to the small size of the artefact it will be quite light

but by adding a sliding tray may increase the weight,

however it will still be fairly light.

SAFETY

Having no raised hand hold s means and a sliding tray

means that the user could be endangered by a spillage

of hot liquid if the tray were to slide out accidently and

it would damage the items it is carrying.

The design features sharp corners that might hurt the

user or scratch furniture when in use.

Strength of construction

Durability:

The structure of the design with a reinforcing member

on the bottom tray and sufficient use of materials

means that the overall design is quite durable and

should with stand any knocks.

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Water resistance:

The level of water resistance of the product will

depend on the finish used, however if done correctly

this design has average water resistance.

Maintenance & cleaningMaintenance & cleaning:

Having a sliding tray means this design will need a lot

of maintenance the tray will need to be prevented

from losing size during continuous use.

Cleaning:

The design will be difficult and time consuming due to

the sliding tray and multiple members.

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Manufacture

Construction:

This design features a construction that is not very

hard to implement, to construct the sliding tray and

the mechanism for holding in place will be fairly

complex.

Cost:

The design will be of average cost to implement as it is

quite small.

Appearance

This design appears contempory but not extremely

Morden, its and it will blend in with the environment

curving of the legs adds to its appeal and helps give it

shape.

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Ergonomics

Featuring no particular hand holds this design can bemoved from any direction but the most likely places to

be used, as hand holds are the tops of the vertical

corner members.

Having no handles means that to move the trolley will

not be very comfortable, and the top tray is easyaccessible however the bottom tray is too low to the

ground this may hurt the users back when bending to

retrieve items.

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Overall commentA more complex design which will be fairly difficult to

produce and it do not satisfy enough of the

specification, particularly those in the ergonomics

section. As the artefacts main function is to transport

the luncheon tea, the fact that the sliding tray cannot

be used during transportation means that it does not

add much value to the artefacts function, it is not

worthless however as it does allow easier use and a

large surface area for serving luncheon and tea .

Overall a good design and I have taken the style of

having a removable tray.

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Evaluation of possible solution 2

The design is checked against the product design

specification to reveal its suitability for solving the

problem situation.

Capacity:

The solution has a large surface area for transporting

items. It will able to hold all the required items

Stability:The solution will very stable due to a rigid and well

supported construction that is quite heavy so it will be

hard to topple over.

Mobility:

This solution will average mobility; however its

heaviness cancels out the increase in mobility.

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SafetyThis solution helps reduce danger from the user by

reducing spillages of scolding liquids, as it grips or

handles are away from the loading area. Thus in the

event of a spill in motion the users body parts should

be well away from dangerous heat.

The heaviness of this design means that if it were to

collide with other furniture it may cause damage.

Again the weight and sharp corners of this design mean

that it could be quite dangerous in the event of

collision to a human being.

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Strength of construction

Durability:

This design due to its bulky construction should be

capable of withstanding abuse in the form of

accidental knocks.

Water Resistance:The level of the resistance of water will depend on the

finish used on design however if done correctly this

design is highly resistant to water due to smooth and

straight surfaces without places for moisture to gather

without notice.

Maintenance and cleaning

Maintenance:

If constructed strongly this design will require little

maintenance

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Cleaning:

The top and bottom trays of this design are flat and

highly accessible and therefore easy to clean.

Manufacture

Construction:This design will need to be manufacture in stages, but

should not be difficult to construct because its fairly

simple.

Cost:

This design quite reasonable to carry out, due to the

use of the same material in the construction

Appearance

This design has a simple look and can be attractive to

the user by its appearance of being able to serve its

purpose.

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Ergonomics

Access to handles in this design is from multiple side,which makes it easier to use.

The square shape of the handles will make them

uncomfortable to hold.

OVERALL COMMENT

This is a strong but heavy design that will fulfil most of

the product design specifications, however due to

some shortfalls particularly in its safety and

ergonomics it will not be the chosen solution.

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Evaluation of possible solution 3The design is checked against the product design

specification to reveal its suitability for solving the

problem situation and fulfilling the design brief.

Capacity:

This solution has a large and easily accessible surface

area for storing items during transporting, it will be

able to store and transport all required items.

Stability:

The solution is slightly less stable than the other

solutions the trays are supported at one end this

means that the artefact could topple over, if weight

were concentrated at the end away from the handle.

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Mobility:

Due to the slight tapering of the trays away from the

handle, this design will be easier to move through

doors and narrow passages than some other solutions,

it should be highly mobile.

Weight:

This design is somewhat light weight, due to the factthat its components are fairly small. It fulfils the

specification that the design should be light weight.

SafetyThis design helps reduce danger to the user from

spillage of liquids, as its grips are raised well away from

the load bearing area. Thus in the event of a spill when

in motion, the users body parts should be well away

from the heat.

This design features sharp edges that might hurt the

user.

This design is light so it is unlikely to cause damage to

other furniture within its area of use.

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Strength of construction

Durability:

This design is slightly less durable than the others, as it

only has two vertical corner members, during the

construction improvements can be done to improve

the design.

Water resistance:

The level of resistance will depend on the finish of the

design if correctly done this design is highly resistant to

water due to smooth straight surface however the

design features grooves to locate the tray, these willhave to be sufficiently waterproof so that the design is

completely water resistant.

Maintenance & cleaningMaintenance:

This design will require little maintenance only the

castors from time to time.

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Cleaning:

The two top trays of the design are flat and highly

accessible and therefore easy to clean.

Manufacture:

Construction:

This design will be manufactured in stages, but shouldnot be very difficult to manufacture as it is fairly

simple, assembly may be harder than other solutions

as there are only two vertical corner members, so it

will be harder to it square.

Cost:

The design feature a few numbers of components, so

may be quite expensive to construct.

Appearance:

This is a very attractive design with a Morden look,

however the attractiveness at a cost to other

requirements of the design.

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Ergonomics:

The round handle is large and will be comfortable tohold.

The design only features one handle.

This solution keeps all items stored at an accessible

height, so the user hurt the back retrieving items from

either the top or bottom tray.

Overall comment:

A good and highly attractive design that loses out dueto poor stability this design if developed the stability

issues could be overcome. The design has good

ergonomics but on the other hand safety precautions

out way the positives of the solution.

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Evaluation of possible solution 4This design is checked against the product design

specifications to reveal its suitability for solving the

problem situation and fulfilling the design brief.

Capacity:

This solution has fairly large trays, these allow for the

user to place different items or the tea directly them

depending what the user requires.

Stability:

This solution has good stability due to a simple

construction and a large wheelbase this means that it

will not be inclined to tip over.

Mobility:This solution will have good mobility due to a simple

design. The design solution should be stationery when

it is required, but nor difficult to move.

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Weight:

This solution will be light weight as there are a

minimum number of parts and the structure is small in

proportion to the surface area that the trays provide.

Safety:

The design helps reduce danger to the user from

spillages of hot liquids, as its grips are well away from

the bearing area.

The solution is light weight therefore unlikely to topple

over.

The design features sharp edges that might hurt the

user when in use.

Strength of construction:Durability:

This design has a very string construction if constructed

properly because they are a good relationship between

its members.

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Water resistance:

Again the level of resistance will depend on the finish

of the design, however if done correctly this design will

be highly resistant to water due to smooth surfaces.

Maintenance & cleaning

Maintenance:The simple construction of the artefact will mean it

needs it will require little maintenance.

Cleaning:

This design will be easy to clean as both the top andbottom trays are easily accessible, and it features flat

and straight surfaces which are generally easy to clean.

Manufacture:Construction:

This design has a fairly simple and straight forward

construction, with a small amount of components.

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Cost:

This design will be average cost as it is quite large but it

doesnt include extra materials.

Appearance:

This design features contempory but not extremelymodern, its simple design is quite visually appealing,

with rounded corners adding aesthetic appeal. It does

not have a dominating appearance and it should look

attractive in the background.

Ergonomics:

The round handles are large and will be comfortable to

hold.

Access to handles in this design is from multiple sides

which makes it easier for the user to use.

This design keeps all articles stored at an accessible

height so the user will not hurt their back when

retrieving items from either the top or bottom tray.

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Overall comment:

This is a simple design that should not be difficult tomanufacture. It has Sharpe corners which can be

improved if the design is developed.

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Final solution

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ContentsDesign situationSituation analysisDesign briefResearch and analysisSpecificationPossible solutionModel

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Design situation

Situation analysis

Design Brief

Specification

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Possible Solutions

Model