dss overview 3
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Learning ObjectivesUnderstand DSS configurations.Learn characteristics and capabilities of
DSS.Understand DSS components.Describe structure of DSS components.Understand how DSS and the Web
interact.Learn the role of the user in DSS.Understand DSS hardware and integration.Learn DSS configurations.
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Decision Support
SystemsSystems designed to support managerial
decision-making in unstructured problems
More recently, emphasis has shifted to inputsfrom outputsMechanism for interaction between user and
componentsUsually built to support solution or evaluate
opportunities
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DSSA DSS is a methodology that supports
decision-making.
It is:Flexible;Adaptive;Interactive;GUI-based;Iterative; andEmploys modeling.
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Components of DSSSubsystems:
Data managementManaged by DBMS
Model managementManaged by MBMS
User interface
Knowledge Management and organizationalknowledge base
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Data Management
SubsystemComponents:
Database
Database management systemData directory
Query facility
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DatabaseInterrelated data extracted from various
sources, stored for use by the organization,and queriedInternal data, usually from TPS
External data from government agencies, tradeassociations, market research firms, forecastingfirms
Private data or guidelines used by decision-makers
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Database Management
SystemExtracts data
Manages data and their relationships
Updates (add, delete, edit, change)Retrieves data (accesses it)
Queries and manipulates data
Employs data dictionary
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Data DirectoryCatalog of all data
Contains data definitions
Answers questions about the availability of dataitems
Source
Meaning
Allows for additions, removals, and alterations
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Model Management
SubsystemComponents:
Model base
Model base management systemModeling language
Model directory
Model execution, integration, and command
processor
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ModelsStrategicSupports top management decisions
TacticalUsed primarily by middle management to
allocate resources
OperationalSupports daily activities
AnalyticalUsed to perform analysis of data
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Model Base Management SystemFunctions:
Model creation
Model updatesModel data manipulation
Generation of new routines
Model directory:
Catalog of modelsDefinitions
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Model Management
ActivitiesModel executionControls running of model
Model command processorReceives model instructions from user interfaceRoutes instructions to MBMS or module
execution or integration functions
Model integrationCombines several models operations
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User Interface System
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Knowledge-based
system
Data management
and DBMS
Model
management and
MBMS
User Interface Management System (UIMS)
Natural Language Processor
Input
Action
Languages
Output
Display
Language
Users Printers, Plotters
PC Display
Based on Figure 3.6, Schematic
View of the User Interface
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User Interface Management
SystemGUI
Natural language processor
Interacts with model management and datamanagement subsystems
ExamplesSpeech recognition
Display panelTactile interfaces
Gesture interface
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Knowledge-Based Management SystemExpert or intelligent agent system component
Complex problem solving
Enhances operations of other componentsMay consist of several systems
Often text-oriented DSS
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DSS HardwareDe facto standard
Web server with DBMS:
Operates using browserData stored in variety of databases
Can be mainframe, server, workstation, or PC
Any network type
Access for mobile devices
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DSS ClassificationsAlterExtent to which outputs can directly support or
determine the decision
Data oriented or model orientedHolsapple and WhinstonText oriented, database oriented, spreadsheet
oriented, solver oriented, rule oriented, or
compoundIntelligent
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(ad hoc analysis)
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DSS ClassificationsDonovan and MadnickInstitutionalProblems of recurring nature
Ad hocProblems that are not anticipated or are not
repetitive
Hackathorn and KeenPersonal support, group support, or
organizational support
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DSS ClassificationsGSS v. Individual DSS
Decisions made by entire group or by lonedecision maker
Custom made v. vendor ready made
Generic DSS may be modified for useDatabase, models, interface, support are built in
Addresses repeatable industry problems Reduces costs
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Web and DSSData collection
Communications
CollaborationsDownload capabilities
Run on Web servers
Simplifies integration problems
Increased usability features
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