dsa alert november_2012

Large and multi-ethnic states like India, China and Russia generate tremendous amounts of entropy commensurate with their size. They are brittle and vulnerable to strong centrifugal forces that threaten to tear them apart. Small wonder that internal security (IS) is their primary

obsession. China today has 2.2 million men in uniform. Of these almost half are in the People’s Armed Police that deals with internal security. The Chinese budget for IS now exceeds the budget for the PLA. In India the police and CAPFs now number 1.3 million and outnumber the armed forces (1.1 million). Internal security indeed is the primal concern of the large states in Asia.

Historically, fragility has been the prime bane of the Indian civilisation. No empire of history has been able to unify the Indic civilisation for more than 150-200 years. The current Republic is the successor entity to the British Empire. In just 60 years after independence it has started to show tremendous centrifugal strains based upon a sharp accentuation of religious, caste, ethnic and linguistic identities. These are now threatening to tear it apart. In the name of affirmative action and social reengineering India has opted for a communism of caste which is making the polity highly inefficient and eroding the competence that comes from promoting merit.

Three front scenarios: India today is in a three front scenario. There is a rising and truculent China to its north. There is an implacably hostile Pakistan to its west. In the rear are increasingly lethal Jihadi Tanzeems and a highly militarised PLGA of the Maoists that is operating in the most ideal guerilla terrain in the world. Despite rhetoric, the Maoist threat remains the most underestimated and under-resourced IS challenge. The embattled BSF and CRPF have been called upon to undertake offensive CI operations in very difficult jungle terrain. Traditionally this task has been done by the armies. The country will soon have to take a call. What is more cost effective – to raise 5 or 6 army divisions (that can be used against the Naxals initially and subsequently would be available to fight against the Chinese / Pakistanis in case of any aggression) or to raise scores of CRPF battalions? The CRPF being raised in droves will take quite a few years to militarise itself and even then it would be of very little use in a conventional conflict. The CAPFs are neither equipped nor trained for this offensive CI role. The stress and strain on the untrained troops is now beginning to show. If the CAPFs are to continue with this task, they will have to transform their ethos and be militarised. Their leadership will need an urgent transformation from the managerial model of the IPS cadres who come in directly at the DIG rank and above. They will need the inspirational leadership that the former DG Vijay Kumar was trying to institutionalise. Operations will have to be led from the front and candidates for the higher appointments in the CAPFs should have served first as company and battalion commanders in the field.

There is a strange new reluctance on the part of the government to use the army in any role. The military has been largely marginalised. Having ruled out its use in conventional operations, the government is energetically trying to keep it away from all IS tasks. This is a strange logic. After all right in 1948, the army had been deployed against the communist insurrection in Telangana and then in 1971 had been used in strength against the Naxals. Do we want to stress the CAPFs beyond their designed capacity? So far they have operated in CI / CT operations largely in support of military operations. They have largely been confined to protective CI / CT operations. Employing them in military operations in such terrain would call for their across the board militarisation. This could take upto a decade or more. Do we have the luxury of so much time? It is unfair to push troops beyond their designed capacities and prolonged deployment without a turnover system of rest and relief and a proper CI grid that secures the communication arteries. Overtime this could be dangerous and counterproductive.

Need for a paradigm shift: Our most serious problem is systemic. It is our basal system of governance per se that is beginning to fail in terms of delivery and the fatal direction of our democracy which has started getting derailed. The leaders of the freedom struggle had tried to create a pan-Indian identity that would unify the diverse people of India into a modern nation state. The current generation of politicians, unfortunately, seem to have lost that overall vision and direction. Unable to mobilise the masses on the basis of issues and programmes they have resorted to polarising the Indian population on the basis of religious and caste identities. The first past the post system of elections requires a mere 15-20 per cent of the popular mandate to rule. Hence the leader of today aims at the minimalist mobilisation in terms of caste based identities which could reduce India to tribalism. This is at the direct cost of the nation building project. It is sharply polarising and splintering the Indian polity.

Our inordinately expensive electoral system is at the root of all corruption and in turn the prime cause of all malgovernance. This panders unduly to moneybags, mafias and dynasties that have amassed illegal wealth. At this rate we are heading for a systemic collapse. The Republic needs to reinvent itself. We need a basal paradigm shift in the nature of our polity if we are to survive as a nation state. The very nature of our divisive and polarising politics is now becoming a serious threat to the nation state. It cannot be allowed to splinter into a thousand fragments based on caste and creed and the cheap populism of the Lowest Common Denominator instead of the Highest Common Good. India, as a great civilisational state, now needs to reinvent itself. It cannot be run on the whims of some foreign funded NGOs.

“The country comes first – always and every time”.The communism of caste

Maj Gen (Dr) G D Bakshi SM, VSM (retd)

editor-in-chief

November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert 1

Best weapons, best trainings and esprit de corps will ensure effective policing and security!

An ISO 9001:2008 Certif ied Magazine

TM

Volume 4 Issue 2 November 2012

disclaimerall rights reserved. reproduction and translation in any language in whole or in part by any means without permission from Defence and Security Alert is prohibited. opinions expressed are those of the individual writers and do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher and / or editors. all disputes are subject to jurisdiction of delhi courts.

defence and security alert is printed, published and owned by pawan agrawal and printed at graphic world, 1686, kucha dakhini rai, darya ganj, new delhi-110002 and published at 4/19 asaf ali road, new delhi (india). editor: maj gen (dr) g d bakshi (retd).

chairmanshyam sunder publisher and ceopawan agrawalfounding editormanvendra singheditor-in-chiefmaj gen (dr) g d bakshi SM, VSM (retd)directorshishir bhushancorporate consultantk j singhart consultantdivya guptacentral saint martins college of art & design, university of arts, london marketing and salesdhirendra sharmacorporate communicationstejinder singh creativevivek anand pantadministrationshveta guptarepresentative (Jammu and Kashmir)salil sharmacorrespondent (Europe)dominika cosicproductiondilshad and dabeerwebmastersundar rawatphotographer subhashcirculation and distributionmithlesh tiwari

e-mail: (first name)@dsalert.orginfo: [email protected]: [email protected]: [email protected] edition: [email protected]: [email protected]

editorial and business office4/19 asaf ali roadnew delhi-110002 (India)t: +91-011-23243999, 23287999, 9958382999e: [email protected]

Since independence, India has been developing remarkably and has now emerged as one of the most powerful countries in the Asian region and a global economic powerhouse

because of its size, resources, the talent and zeal of its people, its defence and security forces and its administrative and diplomatic capabilities.

There are very few nation states that have been able to stand on their own so well like we have in the past six decades. The

political sagacity, the global vision of the nation and the synergy among the administration, defence and security forces and the diplomatic corps has made this turnaround possible. The way India has managed global economic slowdown and many other crises and come out on top in the last few years and the inherent industrious and enterprising nature of the Indian people prognosticate a great future for India as a leading and respected member of the comity of nations.

But as we have traversed the path leading to well-rounded development of the country, the problems, threats and challenges have also increased multifold. Large scale migration from one state to another and the lustre of the lucre have changed the character of the republic and completely transformed the political landscape and atmosphere where people have become insensitive, intolerant and self-centered losing the cherished sentiments and feelings of national integrity, national solidarity, national aspirations and national prosperity. India with its multiple sub-cultures, languages, castes and creeds and so many states having international borders has also had to confront many threats and challenges to the security of the nation.

After independence India has progressed in many areas but infrastructural development, defence preparedness and deteriorating homeland security environment leave a lot to be desired and accomplished on war-footing. Our population has increased exponentially in the past sixty years and thus the threats and challenges have also increased concomitantly both internally as well as externally. Our security forces have been able to handle most of the situations even with an insufficient infrastructure, poor police population ratio and inadequate tools to equip and help them perform their duties to the best of their abilities. The police and security forces are raison d’être for a harmonious and peaceful environment in the country for industrial and agricultural growth, economic well-being and overall progress of the people.

The federal government and the state governments must ensure that our police and security forces recruit the best trainees, give the best training, equip them with the best arms and ammunitions, provide them and their families comfortable living and open for them many avenues for growth. It is essential that the morale of our police and security forces has to be of the highest level and only then can we expect appropriate security for our people. The equipment, gadgets, arms and ammunition, telecommunication and the entire infrastructure of the highest international standards must be provided to our police and security forces considering the threat level from the anti-national elements who are equipped with the latest means of killing, destruction and creating mayhem at will and at places wickedly selected by them for telling effect. These anti-national elements have easy access to all kinds of arms and ammunitions and communication systems which they procure from the international market through various syndicates and criminal networks.

We hear every day about the modernisation of our police and security forces but has it ever been done in a serious and planned way? Have the authorities responsible for the modernisation programmes actually made a thorough research on the ground realities what our security personnel have to face and have they planned a long-term strategy to actually modernise our forces according to the threat perceptions that exist and are escalating both from the trans-border terrorists as well as home-grown Left Wing Extremists who are hell-bent upon destabilising India and people like Hafiz Saeed even going to the extent of dreaming of breaking or Balkanising India and making it a part of Pakistan! Most of the times these authorities have just provided the funds to various police departments of the states and have not bothered to monitor if the funds have been utilised properly for the earmarked heads. They are more worried about the utilisation certificates at the end of the fiscal year rather than ensuring that the funds have been utilised properly. There should be strict and binding conditionalities by the central government on the state governments that if the funds are not utilised or not utilised for the earmarked heads

publisher's viewsecurity threat and challenges

then the responsibility of this would be solely of the state government and disciplinary action must be initiated against the lax and incompetent officers responsible for such bloopers.

Another very important area of concern which warrants urgent attention is the malady of stress engulfing our police and security forces in almost all parts of the country. I think the level of stress our police and security personnel face today is alarming and must awaken the police officers, bureaucrats and politicians responsible for the affairs of the police and security forces. The tolerance level has gone down drastically in the past few decades. The empathy and the personal touch in their interactions with the people have vanished. Any common man is hesitant, even scared of going to a police station to register his complaint as he feels that he will not receive a friendly atmosphere, a sympathetic ear and a fair and dignified treatment which he deserves as an honourable citizen of this country. We need to change this common perception about our police and security forces at the earliest so that they earn the confidence and trust of the people they are trained to serve and secure.

To modernise our police and security forces it is an imperative that first of all our policy and decision-makers must formulate a long-term policy for a well articulated stress management programme. I think this is the most important factor for each police and security personnel as it’s universally recognised that no one can perform to the required levels under stressful conditions. And when we talk about the person handling challenging situations involving arms and ammunitions, well-being and security of the citizens and the nation then they have to be stress-free completely. We often see and hear about the loathsome incidents where the junior officers have misbehaved with their seniors or sometimes even gone to the extreme extent of killing their colleagues and officers.

It is high time that we provide to our police and security personnel stress-free environment and working conditions for their best performance while offering their services to the citizens of the country and to effectively counter any threats and challenges from the enemies of a united and peace loving India. Training regimen for the police and security forces must now include psychological stress management modules in addition to the mandatory physical, professional and combat trainings.

It is so disheartening to see police stations that do not have even the very basic facilities for the police personnel. The telecommunication systems are so poor that in case of any untoward eventuality it takes hours to inform the higher authorities which in turn creates more problems for the entire administrative system. Firstly, our forces are not well equipped as compared to the terrorists and other anti-national elements. Secondly, there is a lack of coordination among various security organisations and, thirdly, the long procedures for procuring requisite equipment contributes to the tardy responses of our security forces at crucial moments. We have all seen what happened in case of the Mumbai attack by Pakistani terrorists on 26/11. Our National Security Guard commandos could reach the site of the incident after many agonising hours due to logistic and bureaucratic delays. In contrast our politicians can arrange any chartered flight to fly anywhere at the shortest notice but our commandos are not provided an immediate means of transportation to be able to counter the terrorists and save our innocent people. Lame excuses are trotted out to cover up these faults and the unnecessary delays they create.

Matters related to security should not be taken casually at any level be it the federal or state governments or even at the district levels and below because we have lost many of our brave police and security personnel and thousands of innocent people in various attacks by the terrorists and Left Wing Extremists. It is time to revise and re-frame the existing National Policy on the Police and Security Forces Modernisation and there should be very clear-cut guidelines for the states to implement the proposed modernisation and a constant monitoring and accountability mechanism should be an integral part of this. If it is not properly implemented then the concerned officers should not be promoted at all and serious action should be taken against them because it affects the morale of our police and security personnel. It is seen that it is the junior officers who have to face these indoctrinated, well-prepared and well-equipped terrorists and Left Wing Extremists and not the senior officers managing these critical field operations. Why must their lives be put in jeopardy for the casual attitude of their senior officers? Our police and security personnel should be equipped with the latest and the most lethal weapons, arms and ammunitions and telecommunication systems and they should be trained to use these aids to perfection. This alone will ensure adequate security for our people in a more professional manner.

Team DSA salutes all our martyrs from the police and security forces who have sacrificed their lives in the line of duty securing India and the Indian people.

Jai Hind!

Stop Press: What a pleasant coincidence! As DSA special issue on Police and Security Forces Modernisation was being printed we have the good news that the Union Cabinet has passed a proposal moved by the Home Ministry to declare retired CAPF personnel as "ex-Central Police personnel" and extend to them several benefits as ex-servicemen from the armed forces get. This should be welcomed by all. I congratulate our honourable Home Minister Mr Shinde for this initiative for the welfare of the CAPF personnel.

pawan agrawal

2 November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert 3

Announces December 2012 Issue on

STATUS OF SEA POWER IN INDIA TODAY

The First and the Only ISO 9001:2008 Certified Defence and Security Magazine in India

Or call: +91-11-23243999, 23287999, 9958382999For subscription write to: [email protected] [email protected]

announcement

TM

manvendra singh

founding editor

The nation has just marked 50 years of the beginning of the 1962 Indo-China War. It is a war that scarred many in the country, leaving an indellible mark on the psyche of many an individual and many an institution. The day after the 50th anniversary event India marked its Police Day, an annual commemoration for those in Khaki who

have sacrificed their lives for the country. Police forces of the various states conducted moving ceremonies in their respective capitals and the central police organisations were not to be left behind in their remembrance efforts. In all the din and ceremony of the event what gets overlooked is the origins of the Police Day.

A patrol of the Central Reserve Police Force engaged elements of the People's Liberation Army high in the Himalayas, in 1959. More than a dozen died, some taken prisoner, but all fought honourably and admirably. That was then and this is now, where the CRPF is routinely ambushed by Naxals in the jungles of India. How is it that in 1959 the same organisation was capable of patrolling the highest Indian borders, but in 2012 it finds itself in a bit of a struggle coping with the challenges of Naxalism? There are various pointers in this question, for the service as a whole, as well as India and its government functioning. There are constant voices being raised for the reorganisation of the Ministry of Defence, restructuring of the armed forces and etc. etc. But in hindsight and going by the daily situation reports, the greater challenge before the country is redoing the Ministry of Home Affairs. Its structuring, functioning and aimlessness, costs the country precious lives on a daily basis.

Police and security forces in India function under the directions of the Home Ministry. It is their cadre controlling authority, that 'power' which influences all oomph in Government of India. Over the years the Home Ministry has neglected the functioning of its police and security forces to such a degree that a dispassionate white paper is required. Scores of battalions are being raised, funds allocated, positions created, without a rationalisation of what, how much, where and when.

In India's national security scenario of today and the next 25 years, what is the nature of threat that confronts the country. It is not uni-dimensional and the totality of its needs have to be calculated. Which then leads us to the next question – how much is the quantum of force that India needs in order to overcome its national security challenges. Where are these precious national resources to be applied and when are they to be deployed for their national tasks. These basic questions need to be addressed, first, before India can call itself a secure country getting the biggest bang for its buck. All of which then leads us to the fundamental national security concern – the modernisation of the various police and security forces in the country. Modernisation does not start by changing weapons, or modes of transport. Modernisation starts by re-evaluating existing structures for current and future threats. A 19th century model of policing and its contagion into the other security forces is an unlikely victor in a 21st century war. The Ministry of Home Affairs needs to be woken from its slumber, primarily.

November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert 5

for online edition log on to: www.dsalert.org

A R T I C L E S

contents

Follow DSA on: @dsalert Follow DSA on: @dsalert

contents

P o l i c e a n d S e c u r i t y F o r c e s M o d e r n i s a t i o n S p e c i a l I s s u e N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 2

Volume 4 Issue 2 NOVEMBER 2012An ISO 9001:2008 Cert i f ied Magazine

TM

needed clarity about greatest threat to internal security: 8

modernisation of forces to tackle the challenges

prakash singh, ips (retd)

bloodiest years of naxal violence: strategic challenges 12

lt Gen v K Ahluwalia pvsM, AvsM**, ysM, vsM (retd)

police modernisation: revamping the force 18

Joginder singh, ips (retd)

change to modernise 21

Manvendra singh

Assam rifles: sentinels of the north-east 28

lt Gen Karan yadava pvsM, AvsM, vsM (retd)

importance of 26/11 for our national security 34

v balachandran, ips (retd)

civil-military relations in india: 38

the soldier and the mantri

vice Adm vijay shankar pvsM, AvsM, ADc (retd)

police and security forces modernisation: 50

threats and challenges

Amitabh thakur, ips

the enemy within: national security cannot be 55

a law and order issue

pathikrit payne

crash proof barriers against vehicle based attacks 62

paul Jeffrey

why india’s mega cities need to be protected 71

nitin Gokhale

central armed police force modernisation 75

rohit singh

transformational and progressive roles in policing 46Dr rupali Jeswal

C O L U M N S

F E A T U R E S

internal security: need for a paradigm shift 23Maj Gen (Dr) G D bakshi sM, vsM (retd)

the internal front 64r s n singh


insurMOuntAble?security threat and challenges

“The jihad is not about Kashmir only ... About 15 years ago, people might have found it ridiculous if someone had told them about the disintegration of the USSR. Today, I announce the break-up of India, Insha-Allah. We will not rest until the whole (of) India is dissolved into Pakistan”

– Hafiz Saeed

The threat of terrorism and the ongoing Maoist insurgency pose formidable challenges to the police and the

paramilitary forces. A comprehensive set of measures would be required to deal with these problems. The shortages of manpower must be met immediately. Training must improve. The police must be rejuvenated by freeing it from extraneous pressures and giving it the necessary firepower and equipment as also forensic support. The paramilitary forces must have better infrastructure and their transport, communications and weaponry would need to be upgraded. Modernisation of forces will be the key. It must be added however that the forces would also require political support and legal protection. The threat of terrorism would become far more serious and menacing after 2014 when the US forces start withdrawing from Afghanistan. The shortage of manpower at the ground level must be met immediately. The United Nations has prescribed an average of 222 policemen per lakh of population. As against this, we have only 128 policemen per lakh of population in the country. Weapons have been acquired but in a somewhat haphazard manner. Training is still a much neglected area with the most unwanted officers being posted in the training academies. Computerisation has made slow progress. Forensic support is quite inadequate. The writer has elaborated in detail about the ongoing modernisation programmes for the police.

Prakash Singh, IPS (retd)

The writer, a recipient of Padma Shri, was Director General of the Border Security Force and also DGP UP and DGP Assam.

Needed Clarity about Greatest Threat to Internal Security: Modernisation of Forces to Tackle the Challenges


insurMOuntAble?security threat and challenges


The Indian Army had been employed in 1948 itself against the first communist upsurge in Telangana.

Then came Operation Steeplechase in West Bengal from July-September 1971. Currently the Indian Army is in an over-watch and training support role to the Police and CAPFs. The former Army Commander Central Command has closely followed the Maoist insurgency and lucidly highlights its grave destabilisation potential. The years 2009 and 2010 have been the bloodiest in the history of Naxal movement, with 2,192 persons being killed in all forms of violence including the deplorable act of terrorism perpetuated through the attack on the Gyaneshwari Express. The initial lot of Police and CAPF troops were not fully trained and equipped to operate against the Naxals. Thus, in the initial stages, the SF provided a large target to the Naxals, which led to a number of casualties. From 2007 to 2010, there was a reversal in attrition ratio wherein the SF suffered more casualties than the Naxals. Some of the key strategic challenges today are the absence of national consensus and national strategy, centre state relationship, non-inclusive growth, poor implementation of schemes on the ground, inter-state coordination among all agencies, lack of accountability and large scale unemployment among the youth. In order to sustain and to further strengthen their movement, the Naxals would make enormous efforts to seek external support, be it in terms of funding, weaponry, training, refuge, propaganda or ideological support. Also for India’s adversaries, this is perhaps the one movement which can provide them with a ready tool with which they can undermine the growing economic, political and military might of the country. By so doing, it would serve the strategic interests of our adversaries, as, besides slowing economic growth, the heartland of the country and its primary mineral belt would remain destabilised.

Lt Gen V K Ahluwalia PVSM, AVSM**, YSM, VSM (retd)

Bloodiest Years of Naxal Violence: Strategic Challenges

nAtiOnAl cOnsensussecurity threat and challenges


fOrMiDAblesecurity threat and challenges

Revamping the Force Police Modernisation:

The writer is a former Director of Central Bureau of Investigation and is best known for bringing the Bofors papers from the Swiss courts to Delhi. As a student he was selected for the Indian Police Service at the age of 20. He is both a regular columnist of leading dailies in India and an author of repute, with 50 books (including versions in Indian and foreign languages) to his credit.

Joginder Singh, IPS (retd)

The strength of the police has almost remained the same, though the population since Independence has become five

times more. As per the information given in Lok Sabha that India has a police-population ratio (number of police personnel per one lakh of population) of 134 as compared to minimum United Nations norm of 220. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have worst ratio of 63 and 74 respectively. UP has nearly 5 lakh policemen. With a headcount of nearly 5 lakh, the Uttar Pradesh police is one of the largest police forces in the world. The same force, however, has the poorest police-population ratio in the country. This is primarily because 65 per cent of its total sanctioned posts are lying vacant. The Home Ministry’s budget for 11th Five Year Plan has a provision for police modernisation of Rs 1,000 crore, for 28 states and 7 union territories. If the budget provision is equally divided between 35 units of states and union territories, it comes to about 28.57 crore for five years and 5.71 crore per year. It is not enough even to build half a dozen police stations or improve the infrastructure of the police forces.


Change to Modernise

A succinct but incisive analysis of what ails our Police Force and CPOs today. An officer from one of the state polices

sidesteps into a key command or staff appointment in one of the CPOs, or even the NSG. This to and fro between the state and CPO has had an impact on the functioning of both services, negatively. The first step to modernisation of the police and security forces should be the promulgation of a rule which states that an officer can only head a CPO if he / she has been a Company Commander in one of them. The most basic, step to take is the implementation of the National Police Commission Report. This excellent report is gathering dust in varvious Home Departments across the country.

fOrMiDAblesecurity threat and challenges

Manvendra Singh

The writer is Founding Editor of Defence and Security Alert (DSA) magazine. He is a well known defence journalist and columnist. He was member of Indian Parliament till 2009 from one of the largest constituencies in Rajasthan.

MAKeOver Mustersecurity threat and challenges

October 2012 Defence AnD security Alert 2120 November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert 21

INTERNAL SECURITY: NEED FOR A PARADIGM SHIFT

MAKeOver Mustersecurity threat and challenges

Internal Security is not just a function of the number of Armed Police and Paramilitary personnel in uniform. It is primarily

a function of the quality of our governance and its ability to create a just and equitable society that bridges the gap between the rich and the poor and is imbued with a vision and sense of purpose and direction. The absence of such enlightened governance leads to Internal Security problems of varied hues. Today our system of governance per se has become flawed and is a cause for concern. Few nation states in recent history have regressed from an industrial era Society to tribalism on such a scale. Tribalism predates the modern state and is an archaic formulation that can overtime erode the very basis of the modern nation state per se. This Tribalism of Caste is fast becoming a danger to our unity and internal security. The primary basis for the endemic corruption in our society today is rooted in our electoral system that relies so heavily on money, muscle power and criminals. We need to reinvent ourselves as a republic, possibly transit to a Presidential model or switch to a system of proportional representation. Communism has not worked in Russia, Eastern Europe and China. How can a Communism of Caste succeed in India? All parties need to come together to carry out paradigmatic electoral reforms that reduce the role of money power and criminals; that do away with the First Past the Post system and ensure a more representative form of democracy and the emergence of national parties that fight elections on the basis of issues and programmes and not doles and caste-based mobilisations seeking to fragment society and destroy national unity.

Maj Gen (Dr) G D Bakshi

reinventinG inDiAsecurity threat and challenges

SM, VSM (retd)


GlOriOus histOrysecurity threat and challenges

ASSAM RIFLES: SENTINELS OF THE NORTH-EAST

The writer was commissioned in the Indian Army in November 1971 and joined the 4/3 Gorkha Rifles. He retired from the army as Director General Assam Rifles in September 2010. He is presently Vice Chancellor of YMCA University of Science and Technology at Faridabad, Haryana.

Lt Gen Karan YadavaPVSM, AVSM, VSM (retd)

A former Director General of the Assam Rifles traces the history and valuable contributions of this force towards integrating the north-east states and

their populations into the body politik of our country as also their stellar role in facing foreign aggression. The Assam Rifles is India’s oldest paramilitary force with a glorious history and tradition of frontier guarding, counter-insurgency operations and regular operations (including in the two World Wars). If the north-eastern states are with India today, a major part of the credit for this must go to the Assam Rifles. A very informative tribute to this force by its former DG. It also provides a brief overview of the many tribal insurgencies that have been contained in this volatile region.


stOic enDurAncesecurity threat and challenges

In USA the local police carry on their normal activities of crime

investigation and maintenance of law and order to enforce state penal laws. Terrorism is handled by 4,400 officers in 106 multi-agency Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) led by FBI. Each JTTF has representatives from federal agencies, local police and other departments. They prowl around the country pursuing intelligence leads supplied by various intelligence agencies. The idea of forming joint teams is to ensure that intelligence collected by agencies like MI-5 or FBI are utilised for launching prosecutions without endangering the identity of sources or covert operations. As against this, in India both the centre and states collect intelligence only through police led intelligence teams, which had been found to be inadequate by these countries. In addition, a senior officer designated as Senior National Coordinator Counter-Terrorism (Earlier known as National Coordinator Terrorist Investigations) coordinates investigations into terrorist crimes in order to ensure that different investigating agencies do not arrive at conflicting conclusions as has been happening in India. India did not think of setting up a Central enquiry committee although a number of central agencies like the Army, Navy and NSG were involved in the process of countering the attack in addition to the central intelligence agencies. The public were not told why NSG arrived in Mumbai so late despite standing orders that a team should be ready in a plane 24 hours 365 days in a year.

IMPORTANCE OF 26/11 FOR OUR N AT I O N A L S E C U R I T Y

The writer is a former Special Secretary of the Cabinet Secretariat. He was also a part of the high level committee appointed by the Maharashtra government to enquire into Mumbai 26/11 terror attacks. He is a prolific writer on intelligence, terrorism and insurgency issues and has also given lectures on these subjects at several institutions in India and abroad.

V Balachandran, IPS (retd)


stOic enDurAncesecurity threat and challenges

4. It was James Baker, former US Secretary of State who had coined the expression “Window of Opportunity” during the October 1991 Madrid Peace Conference to lay emphasis that such “windows” in dealing with complicated situations did not last long.


India has faced many traumatic events since 1947 that have had critical impact on security of the nation including five wars,

insurgencies, gory terrorist acts, periodic crumbling of the law and order mechanism and even a period of authoritarian rule; but what stands out is a lack of strategic vision instigated by a distorted civil-military correlation. India’s military is characterised by an apolitical nature and exults in its professionalism. It responds best to objectivity in purpose and control as can only be provided by a synergic relationship between the civil authority that defines policy and the military that gives to policy the necessary energy. Prime Minister Nehru had an abiding undertone of aversion to matters military. Resolute action and control of the military in the more successful initial operations in Jammu and Kashmir and Hyderabad was exercised in both instances by Vallabhbhai Patel, the then Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India. Post Patel’s demise, the Defence Committe of the Cabinet system bequeathed by Lord Mountbaten broke down and the military was totally marginalised. Politico-bureaucratic unilateralism in the formulation of military strategy botched calamitously in the 1962 war against China. It brought into stark contrast the relative efficiency with which the First Kashmir War and Hyderabad operation was planned, coordinated and waged. Therinlie the roots of the recurrent crisis in civil-military relations in India.

Civil-Military Relations in IndiaThe Soldier and the Mantri 1

synerGy AnD sOliDArity security threat and challenges

Vice Adm Vijay ShankarPVSM, AVSM, ADC (retd)

The writer holds an MSc in Defence Studies and is a graduate of the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. He is the former Commander-in-Chief of the Andaman and Nicobar Command, C-in-C of the Strategic Forces Command and Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet. His Command and operational experience are comprehensive and include Command of INS Viraat the aircraft carrier. He is a member of the adjunct faculty of the National Institute of Advanced Studies and he currently tenants the Admiral Katari Chair of Excellence at the United Services Institute.



If you look for security manufacture partners, this is your show!

Register early at www.secutech.com to enjoy fast entry!

Enquiry: Messe Frankfurt New Era Business Media Ltd. Ms. Lois Lee Email: [email protected]: +886-2-2659-9080 Ext. 358

• From key components, finished products to solutions, all here!• 560 prime original manufacturers under a roof• One-stop shopping including electronic security, key components,

fire & safety equipments and info security• Search partners at the show and check their factories in one trip!

24-26 April, 2013 Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center, Taiwan

44 November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert

Police departments need to develop into a learning organisation to be ahead, no longer can the departments rely on methods of the past to

just recruit, train and conduct occasional specialised courses. Learning organisations indulge in constant, regular empowerment and enhancement trainings along with refreshers, table-top planning exercises for rapid response (these are being conducted in western countries to improve the ability of local jurisdictions to prepare, protect and respond), on-the-job trainings and mentoring programmes so the senior level can lead the new officers and set leadership by example – efforts through this system bring a culture of dispersed leadership.

“Mindset: Continuous learning through innovation in practice and professionalism to achieve national coherence.”

“Simply put policing is a verb, meaning action – the quality and effectiveness of this action depends on wealth of knowledge, training and synchronisation within the various departments.”

Transformational and progressive

roles in Policing Dr Rupali Jeswal

MultiDiMentiOnAl chAnGeOver security threat and challenges


MultiDiMentiOnAl chAnGeOver security threat and challenges


cOnsensus vitAlsecurity threat and challenges

A well researched and an in-depth article on Police modernisation that highlights the difficulties

being currently faced at the centre and state level. The Ministry of Home Affairs has been implementing a Non Plan Scheme for Modernisation of State Police Forces since 1969-70 on Centre : State cost sharing basis ie (50-50) basis when Rs 50 lakh were allocated annually for the Scheme. In 1978-79 the allocation of amount was raised from Rs 50 lakh to Rs 7 crore per annum. From 1999-2000 allocation was further enhanced to Rs 100 crore. In 2001 the annual allocation under the Scheme was raised Rs 1,000 crore wef 2000-01 onwards to counter challenges of terrorism and militancy effectively. This enhancement was based on the base survey conducted by the BPR&D in the year 2000 to assess the deficiency in various areas of police administration in the states. This survey had indicated that a sum of Rs 25,000 crore would be required to meet the current deficiencies in the State Police Forces in the country in the areas of mobility, police buildings, police housing, weaponry, forensic setup, training etc. Subsequently, the central allocation was further enhanced to Rs 1,400 crore per annum in 2003-04. This scheme was reviewed again in the year 2005, where the state of Jammu and Kashmir and all 8 NE states namely, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura have been classified as ‘A’ category states entitling them 100 per cent central assistance and the remaining 19 states fall in category ‘B’ allowing 75 per cent central assistance with a provision of 25 per cent of state share wef 2005-06.

Police and Security Forces Modernisation:Threats and Challenges

Police being a state subject under the Constitution of India, it is the primary responsibility of state governments to take care of the requirements of respective police forces, including those related to modernisation. The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) supplements efforts of the state governments through grants and also technical assistance. It also carries out modernisation activities directly for the Central Police Forces. Police Modernisation has been included as an Integrated Mission Mode Project (MMP) under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). The establishment of a nationwide Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) is a major initiative being undertaken under the MMP presently. In addition, a number of other initiatives are also underway. The basic objective of the MMP is to meet the identified deficiencies in various aspects of police administration

Amitabh Thakur, IPS

The writer is an IPS officer from UP cadre. He is also associated with a civil society National RTI Forum working in the field of accountable governance.


The Enemy within National Security cannot be a Law and Order issue


A hard hitting article which talks of a need for transformation in the leadership of police and CAPFs engaged in difficult

Counter-Insurgency operations against the Maoists in dense jungle terrain. The old managerial style of police leadership has to change to an inspirational, military style of leadership from the front, as former DG CRPF Mr Vijay Kumar was trying so hard to usher in. Motivation and incentives are needed for the rank and file. The critical infrastructure protection is perhaps one of the most decisive aspects of modern day internal security architecture. Since 2009 Maoists have been responsible for 1,183 incidents of targeting economic infrastructure. Substantial portion of India’s key economic infrastructure today is in the joint sector or the private sector and needs to be protected with same vigour. In spite of the token action of deploying CISF in protecting refineries of Reliance Industries in Jamnagar as well as that of software centres Infosys and a few others, it has to be acknowledged that CISF with a force strength of a little more than 1,25,000 is grossly inadequate to secure every critical infrastructure in the private sector. It is time that India’s Union Home Ministry takes the next logical step in terms of allowing select private security agencies of repute to procure small arms for the creation of a practical first line of defence. There is a strong case for relaxing the archaic rules that prohibit the purchase of guns for self-defence by law abiding citizens in India. Terrorism and organised crime simply cannot be considered as petty law and order problems. The 5th Report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission has brought out 152 recommendations, which among others have reiterated the need for police reforms and separation of investigation from day to day policing activities.

Pathikrit Payne

The writer is an alumnus of S Rajaratnam School of International Studies at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He was previously associated with The Sunday Indian magazine and is presently a Senior Researcher with a New Delhi based think tank.

DisGrAceful DiscOnnectsecurity threat and challenges


physicAl prOtectiOnsecurity threat and challenges

The writer considers the growing need for physical protection and looks at the range of options available. Physical protection may include rising

arm barriers, road blockers, sliding armoured gates plus bollards and fencing. Often a combination of product types may be used, especially on larger sites. To stop potential Vehicle based IED attacks such barriers must be crash tested. Robust physical security measures also send out a very visual signal that can assist in deterring terrorists or indeed anyone else interested in gaining non-authorised access.

CRASH PROOF BARRIERS AGAINST VEHICLE BASED ATTACKSPaul Jeffrey

The writer has been Managing Director of Avon Barrier Company for over 16 years. He pioneered Avon Barrier’s crash testing programme, which coincided with the British government’s development of what is now a World recognised standard for impact testing of vehicle barriers – PAS 68.

He is a founder member of the PSSA. The PSSA is the trade association for companies involved in the supply of equipment and services designed to provide the highest levels of physical protection for sites and their perimeters from terrorist or criminal attack that involves the use of extreme force or explosives.


THE INTERNAL FRONTThe ‘secure’ space in India is shrinking at a frightening

pace. Little economic development is possible in insecure environment. The leaders however fail to conflate security and overall development. Indian decision-makers must realise that today’s wars are not about territory. It is about influence, political manipulations, effecting regime changes, engineering social and economic instability by terror, insurgency and ideological subversion and eventually causing internal collapse of the target country. In the north-east and Kashmir, notwithstanding the ‘peace’ that is rigged from time to time, the existence of insurgency and terrorism has come to be accepted as fait accompli. There is the attitude of diffidence that these areas will continue to be a drag on the Indian economy as the security environment will only oscilliate between low and high, but cannot be favourably altered on an enduring basis. There has never been a decisive, no-nonsense and multi-pronged approach to ‘kill’ the problems. This prevarication is now costing the Indian heartland. More than one-third of the Indian territory is in the grip of Maoist terrorism. The jihadi terrorism has spared no part of India. The growing jihadi and Maoist terror is not due to natural internal momentum, but due to massive external impetus. The distinction between internal and external security threats is getting increasingly blurred. This article takes a fresh look at our Internal Security Scenario.

perniciOus prevAricAtiOn security threat and challenges

The writer is former Research & Analysis Wing (R&AW) officer and has authored books on strategic and military aspects.

R S N Singh


WHY INDIA’S MEGA CITIES NEED TO BE PROTECTED


"The police stations in the country are, today, virtually unconnected islands. Thanks to telephones and wireless and especially thanks to mobile telephones, there is voice connectivity between the police station and senior police officers, but that is about all. There is no system of data storage, data sharing and accessing data. There is no system under which one police station can talk to another directly. There is no record of crimes or criminals that can be accessed by a Station House Officer, except the manual records relating to that police station. – Home Minister P Chidambaram in 2009.

India’s homeland security agencies, which primarily consist of the paramilitary forces, state and central

police forces and the intelligence agencies, are likely to spend over US$ 7.5 billion and state governments close to US$ 2 billion on the modernisation of their police and paramilitary organisations in the next 3-5 years. A huge market exists but unless a proper road map and strict deadlines to implement the plans evolve, no amount of good intention is likely to make India secure.

Nitin Gokhale

The writer, a journalist with 28 years of experience behind him in various conflict theatres, is currently NDTV's Security and Strategic Affairs Editor.

urbAn securitysecurity threat and challenges


Central Armed Police Force Modernisation


The government of India is poised to invest approximately US$ 30 billion in the period upto 2016-17. This money

is being pumped into the modernisation of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and the state police. The CAPFs should aim towards achieving a younger and more agile human resource which is able to optimally utilise new weaponry among its ranks. At the same time, the CAPFs should avoid blindly aping each other in weapons procurement. Each force should streamline its role and tasks and procure weapons and equipment required for that specific task only. The desire should not be to procure a particular weapon just because another force has it. As thousands of crores will be spent on modernisation of CAPFs in the coming years, the Ministry of Home Affairs could consider establishing a centralised procurement directorate for all CAPFs to streamline the procurement process. This would ensure that the forces get only those weapons which they can best utilise for their operations and avoid duplication. A case in point is the Tavor assault rifle. With most forces firing just 20 rounds a year as practice ammunition, such high rate automatic firing rifles will only result in wastage of ammunition.

Rohit Singh

The writer is an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi.

weApOnry upGrADAtiOnsecurity threat and challenges



1 Year 2 Years 3 Years

I would like to subscribe to DSA for

gift a subscription of DSA for

Name (Self)................................................................................. .......................................................................................

Billing Address........................... City..................................... ...................................................

Shipping Address...................... City............................................................

State.........................................Pin code.....................................Tel......................................Mob..........................................................

e mail id. ................................................................................................................................................................................................

DD / Cheque No.........................................................................Dated.................................Drawn on..................................................

for ..............................................................................................................................

Payable at New Delhi. Please add

I would like to

Organisation

................................................. Pin code

............................................................................................

`

` 50 extra for all outstation cheques.

in favour of OCEAN MEDIA PRIVATE LIMITED,

The First and the Only ISO 9001:2008 Certified Defence and Security Magazine in India

Terms and Conditions

Minimum subscription is for one year i.e. 12 Issues. Your subscription will start with the next available issue after the receipt of your payment. DSA issues will be dispatched through Postal / Courier Services, as advised by the subscriber.

Please forward the completed subscription form with all the required details. DSA will not be responsible for any theft, loss or delay once the magazine has been dispatched. Please mention your subscription ID in all your future communications with us.

Subscription prices can also be viewed from the following web link http://www.dsalert.org/dsa-subscription/print-edition

Print and Online editions can be subscribed online through credit card via Payment Gateway.

The terms and conditions may change without any prior notice. This offer is for new subscribers, valid from 1st April 2012.

This subscription form supersedes all the previous. Please address all your subscription related queries through E-mail: [email protected] or call us at: +91-9958382999, +91-11-23243999, 23287999. Write to us at: Subscription department, Defence and Security Alert (DSA), 4/19 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi - 110002 (INDIA).

Please inform our subscription department about non-receipt of your copy latest by 20th day of the month, failing which the request for re-dispatch will not be entertained.

Tenure Cover Price

Discounted Price

Shipping Charges You Pay

1 year ` 14402 years ` 2880 ` 1872 ` 800 ` 14003 years ` 4320 ` 2592 ` 1200 ` 2100

India Delhi/NCR Rest of India ` 1008 ` 400 ` 700

Delhi/NCR Rest of India ` 1408 ` 1708` 2672 ` 3272` 3792 ` 4692

SAARC 1 year US$ 240 US$ 1562 years US$ 480 US$ 2883 years US$ 720 US$ 396

CountriesUS DOLLARS 120US DOLLARS 240US DOLLARS 360

US DOLLARS 276US DOLLARS 528US DOLLARS 756

Rest of 1 year US$ US$ 195 2 years US$ 600 US$ 360 3 years US$ 900 US$ 495

the World300 US DOLLARS 240

US DOLLARS 480 US DOLLARS 720

US DOLLARS 435US DOLLARS 840US DOLLARS 1215

TM

� � � � � � �� !Subscribe Now

For print edition login at: http: //www.dsalert.org/dsa-subscription/print-editionFor online edition login at: http: //www.dsalert.org/dsa-subscription/online-edition

October 2012

78 November 2012 Defence AnD security Alert

Saab showcases Skeldar: Commander’s Dominant Eye in Sky• Offers India state-of-the-art Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System

Saab India Technologies showcased its state-of-the-art Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System, SKELDAR, on offer to India at a workshop organized as a part of the Sweden India Nobel Memorial Week 2012. It completely matches India’s current and projected security requirements for combatting urban terrorism as well as for “eye in the sky” for close quarter battles in mountainous terrain.

Skeldar is a new generation, fully autonomous and mobile short-to-medium range VTOL UAS. It is suitable for a wide range of sensor applications to perform missions such as reconnaissance, surveillance and identification. The Skeldar can hover for hours while providing real-time information to a control station or to a remote video terminal. It is fully autonomous, commanded by high-level-commands such as “Point and Fly” and “Point and Look”, and designed for a range of land, maritime and civil applications.

The Skeldar system consists of two air vehicles and a mobile UAS Control Station. Based on operational and technical requirements, the system may be integrated into a wide variety of segments and system environments utilising a common control concept and user interface in the context of command, control and payload management.

Says Joanna Sjolander, Marketing Director, Saab India Technologies Pvt Ltd, speaking at the Sweden India Nobel Memorial Reception: “The Skeldar system is designed so that it can easily be certified for all airspace classifications. Launch and recovery requires only a minimum of personnel and preparation. Combining a modular design, short turnaround time, built in test functionality and a multiple choice of payloads increases Skeldar’s high availability.”

The Skeldar UAS aims to be the ground manoeuvre commander’s primary day/night, reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition (RSTA) system. It provides commanders with a number of benefits, such as enhanced situational awareness, a target acquisition capability, battle damage assessment (BDA), and enhanced battle management. Skeldar is the commander’s “dominant eye”.

Skeldar UAS can become a key collection asset in supporting near real-time visualization of the battle space. The agile flight envelope of Skeldar air vehicles provides key characteristics for successful operations and missions, especially in urban areas and difficult terrain. Launch and recovery from easily accessible and small areas, keeping pace on the battlefield, as well as find, hold and maintain optimal aspect to area and point of interest, are all easily performed thanks to the rotary wing design.

The Skeldar UAS is a highly capable system and the system can be operated by just 2-4 people, owing to the ease of use, no takeoff and landing equipment, and the low logistical footprint.

dsa alert november_2012

Documents