d.russell-bowie chapter 7, mmadd about the arts teaching drama in the k-6 classroom deirdre...
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d.russell-bowie
Chapter 7, Chapter 7, MMADD about the MMADD about the
ArtsArts
Teaching DRAMAin the
K-6 Classroom
Deirdre Russell-Bowie
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
Elements of DRAMA
Effective Drama is an integration of:
ThoughtActionEmotion
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
In DRAMA
Children explore an imaginary world they create by interacting with others as they take on a role that is different from their ‘real’ life and communicate using their
EmotionsBody LanguageVocal ExpressionSymbols andGestures
d.russell-bowie
Primary Creative ArtsPrimary Creative Arts
Elements of DRAMATensionFocusMoodTimeContrastSymbolSpacePerformance elements of Drama
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA EducationTENSION
The creation and controlled use of energy throughout a dramatic experience that culminates in a climax and resolution.
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
TENSIONCan be created by the use of:
The unexpectedMysteryUnresolved conflictMime instead of wordsContrasting musicLighting and actionsBy the constructing of parameters, such asSpace Pace or Time
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
FOCUS
Focus is used to draw specific attention to certain themes, issues, characters or actions as portrayed in the drama.
Through the use of : Body language, Words, Actions, Vocal expression, Careful staging GesturesUse of lighting, props or costumes and so on.
If there is an audience, children should also direct the focus of the audience to specific themes, issues, characters, action, plot and so on being portrayed in the drama.
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
MOOD
Children can touch people emotionally using drama
Mood can be changed or enhanced through:Vocal expression, Body language,Pace, Actions, Staging, Use of space, Sound effects, Lighting, Costumes, etc.
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
TIME
Time sets the drama in its context. ie, past, present or future.
Time conveyed through: Costumes StagingProps ActionsPace of Words
Dramatic Action
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA EducationCONTRAST
Contrast can enhance dramatic meaning and enjoyment through contrasting opposites, eg.• Stillness after movement; • Sound followed by silence; • Contrasting size, shapes & levels of
movement;• Contrasting emotions portrayed through:
o Gestures, o Facial and vocal expressions, o Posture, etc.
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
SYMBOLDrama can use symbols and metaphors.
• Drama uses objects or people to represent meaning beyond the literal;
• Objects can be given a specific meaning,
• A symbol can give different messages in different cultures and contexts,
• Certain gestures and movements can be symbolic.
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
SPACE
Space can enhance or limit what occurs in the drama Space can significantly shape a performance.
Children need to make informed choices about:• Size and shape of the space • Use of different levels • Relationships with the audiences
within the context of the space,• Their use of common
and personal space
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
AUDIENCE SKILLSChildren learn to be an actively engaged audience through:
• modelling, • observation, • discussion and • specific instruction.
Being part of an audience involves:• Listening carefully, • Analysing what is being performed in relation to the
language of drama, • Observing peers and others share themselves through
drama,• Enjoying the performance, • Encouraging the performers through clapping and
positive, constructive comments and feedback.
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
PERFORMANCE ASPECTS OF DRAMA
Staging and sets
Lighting
Costumes and make-up
Masks and props
Sound effects
Music
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
TYPES of DRAMADrama GamesImprovisationStorytellingReaders’ TheatreChoral reading and speakingMovement and MimePlaybuildingScripted DramasPuppets and MasksVideo-Audio Drama
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
DRAMA GAMES
• Children learn interactively with
those they do not normally play
• Used for warm ups, to focus
minds and bodies at the start of
the lesson
• Introduce theme or learning
experiences
• Introduce skills to be
learned in lesson
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
PROCESS DRAMA• Focuses on the PROCESSES involved in
exploring and making drama
• Teacher and children work together on
improvising dramatic events that are
created and developed over a period of
time
• ‘Allows teachers to wrok alongside
children to explore where learning may
go rather than teachers determining
wher it will go’. (Aitkin, 2007)
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
IMPROVISATION/ PROCESS DRAMASpontaneous Improvisation
キ Where is the scene set?キ What is happening?キ When did it happen?キ How did it happen?キ Who is involved?キ What are they doing?キ What are they feeling?キ What motivates them?キ What is at stake?キ How will it start?キ How will it end?
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
IMPROVISATION/ PROCESS DRAMARole Improvisation
• Children portray real or imagined people• They are encouraged to ‘become’ another
character• They talk, act, move and think like this other
person• They take on their values, attitudes and actions• They learn to ‘step into another’s shoes• They explore their real-life issues and attitudes• Can extend further into characterisation and
acting• Can lead into a performance
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
DEVELOPING IMPROVISATIONThrough:
Barrier GamesSculptuesStill images / Freeze FramesHot seating Questioning in roleTapping - inLiquid picturesTeacher-in-RoleMantle of the expertVocal Collage
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
STORYTELLINGChildren can tell real or imagined storiesThey can tell them individually or in a
group as a circle storyChildren can explore the roles characters
and situations they have createdStimuli for storytelling:
• Picture cards
• Graphic Score
• Storyboard
• Photos
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
READERS’ THEATREAllows hesitant readers to practise text and
read it aloud with confidenceMay use:
Gestures, Facial and vocal expression, Simple movements, Props Sound effects
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
CHORAL READING AND SPEAKINGUses vocal and facial expression and
gesturesRequires little spaceCan enhance children’s diction, enunciation
and creative use of voicesTechniques:
Unison (all together)Two groups in
different partsCumulative readingSolo / Chorus readings
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
MOVEMENT and MIME• Exploring drama without speech or sound
effects• Children make exaggerated movements to
audiences can understand clearly the message conveyed
• Focus on clarity of detail and accuracy in depicting message, action or emotion
• Can be in response to a narrated story, poem, piece of music or theme
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
PLAYBUILDINGChildren work together to create a dramatic
work about a selected topic or issue which generally develops over several weeks.
Teacher scaffolds learning through planned frameworks
Play is built on:Discussion NegotiationImprovisation RehearsalReflection Refining
Create a finished product to share
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K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
SCRIPTED DRAMAEnsure scripts are appropriate for their
purposeAchieve drama outcomesMay be commercial or created by
childrenTime required for planning, rehearsing
and presenting play to audiencesProcess is as important
as the product
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
PUPPETS and MASKSHelp children focus on and understand a
characterChildren can show what they know about
the character through their puppet’s or mask’s:• Features• Costumes• Expressions
Use a variety of types of puppets:• String Glove• Sock Finger• Shadow Rod
Use different masks• Full-face masks Half masks
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
VIDEO-AUDIO DRAMA
Used when plays or other drama products are created with the intention of being recorded on video or audio equipment.
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
LESSON PLANNING for DRAMA
•Warm ups, discussion and games
•Focused learning experiences
•Closure activities
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
STIMULI for DRAMA
•Using themes
•Music
•Developing a skill or activity
•Artworks
•Literacy texts
•Objects
d.russell-bowie
K-6 DRAMA EducationK-6 DRAMA Education
For further information, see Chapter 7 in MMADD: About the Arts: An introduction to Primary Arts Education
by Deirdre Russell-Bowie, published by Pearson Education Australia