Drupal and Security Advice for Site Builders and Coders

Arunkumar Kuppuswamy Software Engineer Innoppl Technologiesarunkumar1.akk@gmail.comPhone: +91 80986 41508

● Security Vulnerabilities● General Tips● Server Environment● Site Configurations● Personal Practices● Drupal Configuration● Writing Custom Codes

Agenda

● Drupal is an open-source CMS and or framework● 2.2% of websites in Internet are running using

Drupal● 3rd Popular CMS in world.● Reliability● Scalability● A huge dedicated community

Why Drupal ?

https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_management/all

Do you think Drupal is the Right choice ?

Source: CVE Details

Source: CVE Details

- System flaw or weakness in an application● Cross Site Scripting (XSS)● Broken Authentication● Gain Information / Privileges● SQL Injection● Bypass something● CSRF

Security vulnerabilities

● Cross Site Scripting● Code in the browser● Making requests● Parsing responses● Javascript, Flash, Java, etc.

What is XSS?

● Filter text● On output to browser● As late as reasonable● Some API filters where reasonable● t() and \Drupal::translation()->formatPlural()

with @text and %text placeholders

Fixing XSS?

- User to access the system without going through the security clearance● User can see or do something● That permissions/access should prevent

What is Access Bypass?

● Creating PermissionsMODULE_NAME.permissions.yml

Fixing Access Bypass

● Menu CallbacksMODULE_NAME.routing.yml

Fixing Access Bypass

● Node access○ hook_node_access()

● User access○ hook_user_access()

● Entity access○ hook_entity_access()

● Field access○ hook_field_access()

Fixing Access Bypass

Fixing Access Bypass?

● User has permission to Access

● Use behat

Fixing Access Bypass?

- Executing malicious SQL statements.● Incorrectly filtered escape characters● Incorrect type handling● Blind Conditional SQL injection

SQL Injection

Drupal SQL Injection Sample Code

Drupal SQL Injection Sample Code

● Database abstraction layer

● Adding tags to your queries

Fixing SQL Injection

Unauthorized commands are transmitted from a user that the website trusts.● Path that does not confirm intent● <img src="http://example.com/node/1/quickdelete" >● Mostly in Form submissions

What is CSRF?

● Use Form API: confirmation forms

● Send and validate tokens : Drupal::csrfToken()● Using a secret cookie● Multi-Step Transactions● HTTPS

Fixing CSRF?

● YAML route definition for a protected link● Protected Ajax request

Fixing CSRF?

● Protected Ajax request

Fixing CSRF?

● Roles and permissions● Keep your site settings secure

○ Text formats○ PHP module○ PHP in other modules

Secure site configuration

● File permissions: web server user forbidden to change code

● PHP execution: restrict in .htaccess or Nginx config

● Drupal handbook for securing your site

Secure site configuration

● Secure Login● Paranoia● Security Review● Permissions Lock● Hacked!● Password policy / Password strength● Two Factor Authentication● Shield● Security Kit

Modules Enhancing Security

● Stronger password hashing / salt● Login flood control

○ prevents brute-force credential guessing● Protected cron

○ prevents Denial of Service attacks

Drupal 8

Update Settings

● Automatically sanitizes strings on output● No PHP in templates● You can't run SQL queries● Twig auto-escaping : htmlspecialchars()

Drupal 8: Twig

● Filtered HTML format● Limiting users to using only images local

Content Entry & Filtering Improved

Choosing Contrib Modules

● Use HTTPS, SSH, SFTP● Strong password policy● Server – LAMP stack● Require SSH keys● Take & verify your backups

○ Sanitize backups before sharing

General Tips

● Drupal Security Team○ Keep Drupal code secure in core and contrib○ Educate the community on security best

practices1. Developers2. Site builders3. Site administrators and users4. Decision makers

○ Security Advisory for every security release○ @drupalsecurity and Security Group

Security Process

Security Issue

Code Maintainer

Team Security

New Release

● https://www.oakleys.org.uk/blog/2017/01/how_to_secure_a_drupal_website

● https://pantheon.io/blog/9-tips-and-tricks-securing-your-drupal-site-pantheon

● https://www.drupal.org/documentation/is-drupal-secure● https://www.drupal.org/security/secure-configuration● https://www.ostraining.com/blog/drupal/8-things-drupal-security/● https://www.keycdn.com/blog/drupal-security/

References:

Any Queries ?

Thank you!