drugs and their modifying effects on the human ... -...
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D ’ S Till D ’ S Till Don’t Stop Till Don’t Stop Till You Get Enough? You Get Enough? Drugs and Their Modifying Effects Drugs and Their Modifying Effects
on the Human Bodyon the Human Bodyon the Human Bodyon the Human Body
Ryan D. Wynne, Ph.DLehigh University
BioS 10Bioscience in the 21st CenturyBioscience in the 21 Century
September 10, 2010
OutlineOutlineI. Overview of Drugs
I. ClassificationII. Facts and FiguresIII. Systems Affected
II.CocaineII.CocaineI. How it worksII. Side effects
III AmphetaminesIII. AmphetaminesI. How it worksII. Side effects
IV HeroinIV. HeroinI. How It worksII. Side effects
V Pop lar Dr gs of the 21st Cent rV. Popular Drugs of the 21st Century
What is a Drug?What is a Drug?• Drug ‐‐‐ A chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way
Four Categories of Drug‐Taking Behaviors, Derived F Th C bi ti f G l d L l St tFrom The Combination of Goal and Legal Status
Illicit Drug Use Prevalence Rates For ll dU.S. College Students In 2008
U.S. Deaths per Year From Tobacco, Alcohol, d Illi i D Uand Illicit Drug Use
Routes of Drug AdministrationRoutes of Drug Administration
The BrainThe Brain
Synaptic TransmissionSynaptic Transmission
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Drugs and the CNSg
The Major Stimulants: CocaineThe Major Stimulants: Cocaine
The Major Stimulants: Cocaine
ff f C i A i 2
The Major Stimulants: Cocaine
Effect of Cocaine Abuse on Dopamine D2 Receptors
normal subject
cocaine abuser (1 month post)
The Major Stimulants: CocaineThe Major Stimulants: Cocaine
Side Effects• Powerful burst of energy• General sense of well‐being• Heart rate and respiration are• Heart rate and respiration are
increased• Appetite is diminished• Blood vessels constrict and blood
pressure is increased• Pupils are dilatedPupils are dilated• Continuously stuffy or runny nose
• Hallucinations (cocaine psychosis)
The Major Stimulants: CocaineThe Major Stimulants: Cocaine
The Major Stimulants: AmphetaminesThe Major Stimulants: Amphetamines
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The Major Stimulants: Amphetamines• Euphoria
• Insomnia
• Increased heart rate
• Increased blood pressure
• Dilated pupils
• Parkinson's‐like symptoms
• Tremors• Tremors
• Convulsion
• ParanoiaParanoia
• Hallucinations
• Strokes
• Cardiovascular collapse, death
The Major Stimulants: AmphetaminesThe Major Stimulants: Amphetamines
The Narcotics: HeroinThe Narcotics: Heroin
The Narcotics: HeroinThe Narcotics: HeroinSide Effects• Intense euphoriaIntense euphoria• Subsequent tranquil drowsiness• Elevated body temperature
Withdrawal• Increased blood pressure• Tearing runny nose• Tearing, runny nose• Diarrhea• Spontaneous ejaculations• Restlessness• Restlessness• Involuntary kicking movements• Pain and irritability• Depression and anxiety• Depression and anxiety
The Narcotics: HeroinThe Narcotics: Heroin
21st Century Drugs21 Century Drugs
Performance-Enhancing Drugsg g
Performance-Enhancing DrugsPerformance Enhancing Drugs• Androgenic ‐ acting to
promote masculinizingpromote masculinizing changes in the body
• Anabolic ‐ acting to promote growth and muscular developmentdevelopment
• Anabolic‐androgenic steroids g(anabolic steroids) ‐ a group of drugs patterned after the testosterone moleculetestosterone molecule, producing anabolic and androgenic effects
Performance-Enhancing DrugsPerformance Enhancing Drugs• Shrunken testicles
• Diminished sperm count
• Enlarged breasts nlarged breasts
• Frequent, sustained, painful
penile erections (priapism)penile erections (priapism)
• Acne on shoulders and back
• Increased facial hair, accelerated balding
Performance-Enhancing DrugsPerformance Enhancing Drugs
• Lower voice • Increased facial hair E l d lit i• Enlarged clitoris
• Increased aggressiveness• Increased appetite and• Increased appetite and decreased body fat
• Diminished menstruation• Decreased breast size • Increased body hair • Increased loss of scalp hair
Performance-Enhancing Drugsg g
Misuse of Prescription DrugsMisuse of Prescription Drugs
Misuse of Prescription DrugsMisuse of Prescription Drugs
Prescription Drugs
Misuse of Prescription DrugsMisuse of Prescription Drugs
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