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Name: Aamir HussainSubject: PharmacologyTopic: Drugs Affecting the Endocrine

System Anti-thyroid Drugs

&Parathyroid Drugs

Faculty : Mr. Ramesh Kumar

Anti-thyroid drugs

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A number of drugs act as anti-thyroid drugs.

Use for patients with hyperthyroidism.

Anti-thyroid drugs

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Drugs used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism :

Inhibition of hormone synthesis :Propylthiouracil and Methimazole.Blockade of hormone release :Iodides, Iodinated contrast media. Radioactive IodineAnion Inhibitors :Perchlorates, Thiocynates.Beta blocking drugs : Propranolol.

Anti-thyroid drugs

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THIOAMIDES : These are used for treatment of mild

thyrotoxicosis and in preparation of surgery.

Propylthiouracil is relatively safe and preferred in pregnancy.

Anti-thyroid drugs

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THIOAMIDES : ADVERSE EFFECTSCommon adverse effects includes

maculopapular rash, arthralgia and vasculitis.

Agranulocytosis – reversible.

Anti-thyroid drugs

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ANION INHIBITORS :Monovalent ions like perchlorate,

pertechnetate, thiocyanate can competitively block the uptake of iodine.

Anion inhibitors are uncommon in use because of aplastic anemia.

These are effective in iodine induced hyperthyroidism

Anti-thyroid drugs

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Other Anti-thyroid drugs :Propranolol is used in the management

of cardiac symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.Lithium is known to inhibit synthesis and

release of thyroid hormones.Amiodarone can also result in

hypothyroidism.

Adverse Drug Reaction

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FeverRashHeadacheBloody diarrheaDepressionAnorexiaGastric irritation

Nursing Assessment

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Before drug therapy begins, review the patient’s history for conditions that contraindicate require cautious use of the prescribed anti-thyroid drugs.

During treatment assess the patient for unfavorable drug reactions and signs of drug interactions.

Also sometimes assess the effectiveness of therapy with the anti-thyroid drug. Finally, evaluate the patient’s and family’s knowledge about the prescribed drug

Nursing Diagnosis

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Risk for injury related to a preexisting condition that contraindicate or requires cautious use of an anti-thyroid drug.

Knowledge deficit related to the prescribed anti-thyroid drugs.

Risk for injury related to adverse drug reactions or drug interaction.

Planning and Implementation

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Do not administer an anti-thyroid drug to a patient with a condition that contraindicate its use.

Administer an anti-thyroid drug carefully to a patient at risk because of a preexisting condition.

Observe the patient for hypersensitivity reactions to the anti-thyroid drugs.

Monitor the patient for signs of toxicity such as thyroid gland enlargement.

Evolution

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For each nursing diagnosis, prepare an evaluation statement that describes the patient’s or family’s response to nursing intervention.

Parathyroid DrugsThe parathyroid drugs also referred to as a

calcium regulators.Bone metabolism

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Parathyroid Drugs Alendronate Adverse gastrointestinal(GI)effects in dose

more then 10mg.Decrease alendronate absorption

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Parathyroid Drugs Calcitonin Increase bone resorption, intestinal

absorption, and kidney reaborption of calcium.

Etidronate disodium Decreased absorption of etidronate

disodium.CalcifediolDecrease calcifedional absorption

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Adverse Drug Reaction Hypocalcaemia FlushingNauseaVomitingSwelling tenderness of the handsDiarrheaHeadache

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Nursing AssessmentBefore drug therapy begins, review the

patient’s history for condition that contraindicate or require cautious use of the prescribed parathyroid drugs.

Review the patient’s history to identify use of drugs that may interact with it.

During drug therapy, assess the patient for adverse drug reactions and signs of during interaction.

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Nursing DiagnosisRisk for injury related to a preexisting

condition that contraindicates or requiires cautious use of a parathyroid drug.

Risk for injury related to adverse drug reactions or drug interactions.

Knowledge deficit related to the prescribed parathyroid drug.

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Planning and Implementation Do not administer a parathyroid drug to a

patient with a condition that contraindicates its use.

Monitor the patient for adverse reaction and drug inter-actions during treatment with a parathyroid drug.

Protect calcitriol and dihydrotachysterol from heat and light to prevent loss of potency.

Do not refrigerate dihydrotachysterol.Notify the physician if unfavorable reactions or

drug inter-actions occur.

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Evolution For each nursing diagnosis, prepare an

evolution statement that describes the patients' or family’s response to nursing intervention.

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Thanks

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