Drug UnitDrug UnitDrug- any chemical substance that alters either the Drug- any chemical substance that alters either the

mind or the body.mind or the body.

Why do people use drugs?Why do people use drugs?

Peer pressurePeer pressure To rebelTo rebel To relaxTo relax Escape from realityEscape from reality Medical ReasonsMedical Reasons

What are the 4 general patterns of drug users?What are the 4 general patterns of drug users?

– THE EXPERIMENTER- wanted to try itTHE EXPERIMENTER- wanted to try it– REGULAR USER- take to have fun at social gatheringsREGULAR USER- take to have fun at social gatherings– PREOCCUPIED USER- psychologically depend on itPREOCCUPIED USER- psychologically depend on it– THE ADDICT- psychologically and physically depend THE ADDICT- psychologically and physically depend

on iton it

Trends with Teen Drug UseTrends with Teen Drug Use

Drug Use Ages 12+Drug Use Ages 12+

Dangers of Substance Dangers of Substance AbuseAbuse

Side effectsSide effects can range from minor to deadly (reactions to use of drug) can range from minor to deadly (reactions to use of drug)

Synergistic effects-Synergistic effects- the interaction of 2 or more drugs/medicines that the interaction of 2 or more drugs/medicines that results in a greater effect than when the drugs are taken independentlyresults in a greater effect than when the drugs are taken independently

Over dose-Over dose- a strong or even fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a a strong or even fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drugdrug

Added risks for contracting diseases (sharing contaminated needles)Added risks for contracting diseases (sharing contaminated needles)

Added risks for unwanted sexual encounters, STDS, or pregnanciesAdded risks for unwanted sexual encounters, STDS, or pregnancies

Negatively affect performance in school, sports, and relationshipsNegatively affect performance in school, sports, and relationships– Impairs individual from reaching short and long term goalsImpairs individual from reaching short and long term goals

Affects individual’s physical, mental, and social healthAffects individual’s physical, mental, and social health

Trouble with the lawTrouble with the law

Can harm a developing fetusCan harm a developing fetus

Basic Terms related to Basic Terms related to DrugsDrugs Substance Abuse-Substance Abuse- any unnecessary or improper use any unnecessary or improper use

of a chemical substance for non medical purposesof a chemical substance for non medical purposes

Medicine Misuse-Medicine Misuse- using medicine in ways other than using medicine in ways other than intendedintended

Illicit Drug Use-Illicit Drug Use- the use or sale of any substances the use or sale of any substances that are illegal or otherwise not permittedthat are illegal or otherwise not permitted

Gateway Drugs-Gateway Drugs- drugs that often lead to other drugs that often lead to other serious and dangerous drug useserious and dangerous drug use

Synthetic Drugs-Synthetic Drugs- chemical substances produced chemical substances produced artificially in a laboratoryartificially in a laboratory

ToleranceTolerance- needing more of a substance to get the - needing more of a substance to get the same effectssame effects

Drug Terms/VocabularyDrug Terms/Vocabulary Physiological Dependence-Physiological Dependence- the body’s physical need for a the body’s physical need for a

drugdrug

WithdrawalWithdrawal- results when a person is physiologically - results when a person is physiologically dependent on drug and stops using the substancedependent on drug and stops using the substance

Psychological Dependence-Psychological Dependence- person believes they need the person believes they need the drug to functiondrug to function

Addiction-Addiction- involves physiological and psychological involves physiological and psychological dependence on a drugdependence on a drug

Psychoactive Drugs-Psychoactive Drugs- Chemicals that affect the CNS and Chemicals that affect the CNS and interfere with the normal functioning of the braininterfere with the normal functioning of the brain

EuphoriaEuphoria- a feeling of intense welling being or elation that - a feeling of intense welling being or elation that may be followed by a ‘crash’ or letdownmay be followed by a ‘crash’ or letdown

Six different categories of Six different categories of DrugsDrugs

1.1. Prescription drug-Prescription drug- any type of drug prescribed by a doctor any type of drug prescribed by a doctor (cannot be used safely without the written approval of a (cannot be used safely without the written approval of a licensed physician)licensed physician)

– ANTIBIOTICS- fights infectionANTIBIOTICS- fights infection– ANTI-INFLAMMATORY- helps rid injured area of bad ANTI-INFLAMMATORY- helps rid injured area of bad

blood and wasteblood and waste– PAIN RELIEVERS- helps in coping with pain after surgeryPAIN RELIEVERS- helps in coping with pain after surgery

2.2. OTC or OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS-OTC or OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS- any type of drug sold any type of drug sold in a store with a prescription from a doctorin a store with a prescription from a doctor

3. 3. RECREATIONAL DRUGS-RECREATIONAL DRUGS- any type of drug not illegal any type of drug not illegal– AlcoholAlcohol– TobaccoTobacco– CoffeeCoffee

4. 4. HERBAL PREPARATIONS-HERBAL PREPARATIONS- anything natural that is not anything natural that is not illegal illegal

– Herbal TeaHerbal Tea– Seaweed wrapSeaweed wrap

Categories of DrugsCategories of Drugs5.5. ILLEGAL DRUGS (Street Drugs)-ILLEGAL DRUGS (Street Drugs)- any type of drug any type of drug

man made or natural that is illegal to make, buy, man made or natural that is illegal to make, buy, grow or possessgrow or possess

– cocainecocaine– marijuanamarijuana– EcstasyEcstasy

6. 6. COMMERCIAL TYPE DRUGS-COMMERCIAL TYPE DRUGS- anything used to get anything used to get ‘high’ with (are legal for ‘high’ with (are legal for intended intended use) use)

– cleaning products- paint removerscleaning products- paint removers– glueglue– EtherEther

Inhalants- are substances whose fumes are sniffed Inhalants- are substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to give a hallucinogenic effect and inhaled to give a hallucinogenic effect

Inhalants such as nitrites and nitrous oxide have Inhalants such as nitrites and nitrous oxide have

medical uses, but many are not designed to be medical uses, but many are not designed to be taken into the bodytaken into the body

Drug Schedules- Drug Schedules- The Controlled Substance ActThe Controlled Substance Act

- - Classifies medicines for use in the United States intoClassifies medicines for use in the United States intocategories/schedules according to their use and potential forcategories/schedules according to their use and potential forAbuseAbuse

Schedule 1:Schedule 1: IIllegal and Not Prescribedllegal and Not Prescribed: High potential of : High potential of abuse and addiction and NO type of medical use. abuse and addiction and NO type of medical use. (Example= ACID, Heroin, Ecstasy)(Example= ACID, Heroin, Ecstasy)

Schedule 2:Schedule 2: Written Prescription Required-Written Prescription Required- High potential of High potential of abuse and addiction and a abuse and addiction and a restricted restricted medical use. medical use. (Example= Nitrous Oxide, Morphine)(Example= Nitrous Oxide, Morphine)

Schedule 3:Schedule 3: Some potential of abuse and addiction with Some potential of abuse and addiction with specific medical use. (Example= inhalers-asthma)specific medical use. (Example= inhalers-asthma)

Schedule 4:Schedule 4: Lower potential of abuse and addiction, wider Lower potential of abuse and addiction, wider range of medical use. (Example= Aspirin)range of medical use. (Example= Aspirin)

Schedule Schedule 5:5: Lowest potential of abuse and addiction, Lowest potential of abuse and addiction, everyday medical use. (Example= Vitamin) everyday medical use. (Example= Vitamin)

What are 5 ways of drug What are 5 ways of drug administration?administration?

– Orally- taken by mouth/swallowedOrally- taken by mouth/swallowed– Injection- intravenousInjection- intravenous– Inhalation- lungs/inhaledInhalation- lungs/inhaled– Absorption- skinAbsorption- skin– Suppositories- rectal wallsSuppositories- rectal walls

Presentations will be done on the following:Presentations will be done on the following:Depressants---Stimulants---MarijuanaDepressants---Stimulants---MarijuanaHallucinogens---Club DrugsHallucinogens---Club DrugsNarcotics---Inhalants---Anabolic SteroidsNarcotics---Inhalants---Anabolic Steroids

TREATMENT TREATMENT TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY

InterventionIntervention- When someone who cares for the - When someone who cares for the alcoholic/addict makes a healthy decision to introduce the alcoholic/addict makes a healthy decision to introduce the process of recovery to the sick person. It is when one steps process of recovery to the sick person. It is when one steps into the addict/alcoholics path and tries to veer their into the addict/alcoholics path and tries to veer their direction to a healthier one. If taken in he right direction, direction to a healthier one. If taken in he right direction, one may find that a new life has just begun. one may find that a new life has just begun.

RecoveryRecovery- A lifelong process of change to abstain from - A lifelong process of change to abstain from alcohol/drug usage. A character building process which alcohol/drug usage. A character building process which increases the chance of staying clean and sober. increases the chance of staying clean and sober.

RelapseRelapse- To fall back into the former state of drinking or - To fall back into the former state of drinking or using once treatment or recovery has begun. The act of using once treatment or recovery has begun. The act of going back to old behavior or regressing from sobriety.going back to old behavior or regressing from sobriety.

Sober Living-Sober Living- A semi-structured residential setting of A semi-structured residential setting of alcoholics/addicts who have completed treatment and need alcoholics/addicts who have completed treatment and need continued support for up to a year. continued support for up to a year.

SobrietySobriety- Abstinence from consumption of alcohol or drugs.- Abstinence from consumption of alcohol or drugs.

TreatmentTreatment DetoxificationDetoxification- first step in treatment- cleans body of the drug - first step in treatment- cleans body of the drug

(drying out);removal of drugs from the body(drying out);removal of drugs from the body

Maintenance programs-Maintenance programs- medically supervised doses. (helps medically supervised doses. (helps withdrawal) withdrawal)

Drug Free Programs-Drug Free Programs- group therapy group therapy

1. Independent1. Independent2. Hospitals2. Hospitals3. Community Health Centers3. Community Health Centers

Inpatient Programs- medical and psychological care during Inpatient Programs- medical and psychological care during which a person stays at a medical or rehab facilitywhich a person stays at a medical or rehab facility

Outpatient treatment- onsite medical an psychological care for Outpatient treatment- onsite medical an psychological care for a person to be drug-free and/or alcohol freea person to be drug-free and/or alcohol free

PreventionPrevention- answer to abuse- “DON’T START”- answer to abuse- “DON’T START”Practice Abstinence-Practice Abstinence- To refrain from the usage of chemicals for To refrain from the usage of chemicals for

which a person may have become addicted.which a person may have become addicted.

Support Groups Support Groups related to Drug Userelated to Drug Use

Families Anonymous-Families Anonymous- A 12-step, self-help recovery and fellowship of A 12-step, self-help recovery and fellowship of support groups for relatives and friends of those who have alcohol, support groups for relatives and friends of those who have alcohol, drug or behavioral problems. They share their like experiences, drug or behavioral problems. They share their like experiences, strengths and hope with each other and with new members. strengths and hope with each other and with new members.

Narcotics Anonymous-Narcotics Anonymous- A self-help organization of individuals who A self-help organization of individuals who have a dependence on drugs and want to commit to a life of have a dependence on drugs and want to commit to a life of abstinence. One addict helping another to achieve the same goal abstinence. One addict helping another to achieve the same goal goes a long way and could save someone’s life.goes a long way and could save someone’s life.

Cocaine Anonymous-Cocaine Anonymous- is a fellowship of men and women who share is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from their solve their common problem and help others to recover from their addiction. addiction.

OTHERSOTHERS All Addictions AnonymousAll Addictions Anonymous (alladdictionsanonymous.com) (alladdictionsanonymous.com) CrystalMethCrystalMeth Anonymous (CMA) Anonymous (CMA) (crystalmeth.org) (crystalmeth.org) Marijuana Anonymous World ServicesMarijuana Anonymous World Services (marijuana-anonymous.org) (marijuana-anonymous.org) Methadone Anonymous SupportMethadone Anonymous Support (MethadoneSupport.org) (MethadoneSupport.org)

Recoveries AnonymousRecoveries Anonymous (r-a.org) (r-a.org)

STIMULANTSSTIMULANTS CNS StimulantsCNS Stimulants- Drugs that increase certain - Drugs that increase certain

functions of the central nervous system. Users functions of the central nervous system. Users become more alert, active and nervous.become more alert, active and nervous.

Amphetamines- (bennies, uppers, and speed) reduces Amphetamines- (bennies, uppers, and speed) reduces appetite, combats fatigue and prevents drowsinessappetite, combats fatigue and prevents drowsiness

Methamphetamines-(crank, speed, ice) used medically Methamphetamines-(crank, speed, ice) used medically to treat certain diseases such as Parkinson’s or to treat certain diseases such as Parkinson’s or obesity obesity

Is highly addictiveIs highly addictive

Cocaine- (snow, coke, and nose candy) gives a sense of Cocaine- (snow, coke, and nose candy) gives a sense of invincibility and is highly addictiveinvincibility and is highly addictive

– 1. 1. White powder extracted from the coca bush White powder extracted from the coca bush that grows in mountainous region of South Americathat grows in mountainous region of South America

– 2. Crack cocaine is a concentrated, purer form of cocaine that 2. Crack cocaine is a concentrated, purer form of cocaine that can be smoked (reaches brain in 7-10 seconds)can be smoked (reaches brain in 7-10 seconds)

DEPRESSANTSDEPRESSANTS CNS Depressants (Sedatives)CNS Depressants (Sedatives)- Drugs that - Drugs that

reduce the action of the heart, central reduce the action of the heart, central nervous system, and skeletal muscles nervous system, and skeletal muscles

a. Barbiturates- (blue birds, downers, and a. Barbiturates- (blue birds, downers, and goofballs) effects are similar to excessive goofballs) effects are similar to excessive use of alcoholuse of alcohol

b. Tranquilizers- quieting or calming effectb. Tranquilizers- quieting or calming effect

c. Methaqualone- (ludes, quaaludes and c. Methaqualone- (ludes, quaaludes and 714’s) relieves anxiety ‘mello out’714’s) relieves anxiety ‘mello out’

MARIJUANAMARIJUANA MarijuanaMarijuana- (grass, ganja, Mary Jane, pot, weed) - (grass, ganja, Mary Jane, pot, weed)

– Most widely abused Most widely abused illegalillegal drug in this country drug in this country – Can lead to Can lead to amotivational syndromeamotivational syndrome: Loss of ambition & drive : Loss of ambition & drive

a. EFFECTS= distorts time and judgment, impairs learning ability a. EFFECTS= distorts time and judgment, impairs learning ability and sports performance, causes hallucinations, and reduces and sports performance, causes hallucinations, and reduces blood sugar which causes hungerblood sugar which causes hunger

b. The leaves, buds, and flowers of plant are smoked, chewed, or b. The leaves, buds, and flowers of plant are smoked, chewed, or eaten for their intoxicating effectseaten for their intoxicating effects

c. Marijuana contains 421 different chemicalsc. Marijuana contains 421 different chemicals

– THC THC – (delta-9-therahydrocannabinol) (delta-9-therahydrocannabinol) – The main mind altering ingredientThe main mind altering ingredient

Stored in fatty tissue (can remain for weeks)Stored in fatty tissue (can remain for weeks) Hash (dark brown resin from tops of Cannabis Hash (dark brown resin from tops of Cannabis

plants) contains more THCplants) contains more THC

HALLUCINOGENSHALLUCINOGENS Psychedelics\Hallucinogens Psychedelics\Hallucinogens ––physical sensations of time and space are altered – fact physical sensations of time and space are altered – fact

andandfantasy are confused. (have NO medical use)fantasy are confused. (have NO medical use)

a. L.S.D. – trips last 8 to 10 hours of confusion, a. L.S.D. – trips last 8 to 10 hours of confusion, anxiety, depression, and loss of reality from days to anxiety, depression, and loss of reality from days to months. Can cause flashbacks.months. Can cause flashbacks.

b. P.C.P. – (angel dust) effects are unpredictable – b. P.C.P. – (angel dust) effects are unpredictable –

drunkenness, depression, paranoia, violent rages, drunkenness, depression, paranoia, violent rages, coma, and/or death.coma, and/or death.

c. Mescaline and Psilocybin- hallucinogenic drugs c. Mescaline and Psilocybin- hallucinogenic drugs made in the tissues of plantsmade in the tissues of plants

CLUB DRUGSCLUB DRUGS Club DrugsClub Drugs – –

Usually have severe side effects, brain damage, paralysis, & Usually have severe side effects, brain damage, paralysis, & death ; are associated with dance clubs and all night partiesdeath ; are associated with dance clubs and all night parties

Commonly abused club drugs are ecstasy, rohypnol, ghb, and Commonly abused club drugs are ecstasy, rohypnol, ghb, and ketamine.ketamine.

-Meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens or other -Meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens or other drugsdrugs

Ecstasy or MDMA-Ecstasy or MDMA- illegal drug that is a stimulant and a illegal drug that is a stimulant and a hallucinogen. Not a safe drug. Affects on brain are still unclear. hallucinogen. Not a safe drug. Affects on brain are still unclear. Can cause sharp rise in body temp, followed by failure of heart Can cause sharp rise in body temp, followed by failure of heart and organs, and even death.and organs, and even death.

Rohypnol-Rohypnol- depresses CNS- colorless, odorless, and tasteless- depresses CNS- colorless, odorless, and tasteless- known as ‘date-rape-drug’- Can be deadly when mixed with known as ‘date-rape-drug’- Can be deadly when mixed with alcohol and other drugs. alcohol and other drugs.

GHB- GHB- depress CNS and can be used by sexual predators to sedate depress CNS and can be used by sexual predators to sedate victimsvictims

NARCOTICSNARCOTICS Narcotics (Opiates)Narcotics (Opiates) – strong painkillers that produce a relaxed, – strong painkillers that produce a relaxed,

dreamy state. They are derived from the opium plant. They are highly dreamy state. They are derived from the opium plant. They are highly addictive.addictive.

a. Codeine- the least potent narcotic, is prescribed for mild pain reliefa. Codeine- the least potent narcotic, is prescribed for mild pain relief 1. Cough medicine1. Cough medicine

2. Tylenol 32. Tylenol 3

b. Opium- stronger than codeine, may be prescribed to relieve pain and b. Opium- stronger than codeine, may be prescribed to relieve pain and control diarrhea.control diarrhea.

1. A milky fluid found in the seeds of the opium poppy1. A milky fluid found in the seeds of the opium poppy

c. Morphine- more potent than opium and is one of the strongest c. Morphine- more potent than opium and is one of the strongest painkillers known. Because it is so addictive, its medical use is strictly painkillers known. Because it is so addictive, its medical use is strictly limited by law. Common uses include major surgery and cancer limited by law. Common uses include major surgery and cancer patients.patients.

d. Heroin- is a white powder made from morphine. It is also more potent d. Heroin- is a white powder made from morphine. It is also more potent and faster acting than morphine. It is prohibited from medical use in and faster acting than morphine. It is prohibited from medical use in the U.S.the U.S. Most abused narcotic in US.Most abused narcotic in US.

e. Oxycodone- an especially strong, time released painkiller prescribed e. Oxycodone- an especially strong, time released painkiller prescribed for severe pain.for severe pain.

InhalantsInhalants Street Names: Rush, Poppers, ClimaxStreet Names: Rush, Poppers, Climax

Description-Description-Inhalants are common household and workplace substances Inhalants are common household and workplace substances that are sniffed or huffed to give the user an immediate head that are sniffed or huffed to give the user an immediate head rush or high. Found in consumer products such as aerosols rush or high. Found in consumer products such as aerosols plastic cement, fingernail polish remover, lighter fluid, hair plastic cement, fingernail polish remover, lighter fluid, hair spray, insecticides and cleaning solvents. spray, insecticides and cleaning solvents.

Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of the chemicals in Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of the chemicals in solvents or aerosol sprays can directly induce heart failure solvents or aerosol sprays can directly induce heart failure and death. High concentrations of inhalants also cause death and death. High concentrations of inhalants also cause death from suffocation by displacing oxygen in the lungs and then from suffocation by displacing oxygen in the lungs and then in the central nervous system so that breathing stops. in the central nervous system so that breathing stops.

People who use inhalants get a quick, giddy head rush. They People who use inhalants get a quick, giddy head rush. They are cheap and or readily available making them an easy are cheap and or readily available making them an easy choice for those who use them. Users feel slightly stimulated choice for those who use them. Users feel slightly stimulated and uninhibited, but within a minute or two, a major and uninhibited, but within a minute or two, a major headache comes on (the first indication that this is a bad headache comes on (the first indication that this is a bad idea). Hallucinations and numb hands and feet are often part idea). Hallucinations and numb hands and feet are often part of the package. of the package. Suffocation and sudden death can occur Suffocation and sudden death can occur even on the first time. even on the first time.

Anabolic Steroids Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male sex hormones. Medical uses of anabolic steroids include sex hormones. Medical uses of anabolic steroids include some hormone problems in men, late puberty and muscle some hormone problems in men, late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases. loss from some diseases.

Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic steroids to Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance. But using build muscles and improve athletic performance. But using them this way is not legal or safe. Abuse of anabolic them this way is not legal or safe. Abuse of anabolic steroids has been linked with many health problems. They steroids has been linked with many health problems. They range from unattractive to life threatening and include:range from unattractive to life threatening and include:– Acne and cysts Acne and cysts – Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men – Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women – Heart problems, including heart attack Heart problems, including heart attack – Liver disease, including cancer Liver disease, including cancer – Aggressive behaviorAggressive behavior