drug testing (the war on drugs) with complete motion n 3d effects
TRANSCRIPT
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DRUG TESTING
(The war on drugs)
Drugs are injurious to health
CESCOPPRODUCTION
Under the guidance ofMr. R. NAGESWARA RAO
M.Pharm.,Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance
CREATIVE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY .CHINNATEKUR, KURNOOL –
518218 (A.P), INDIA.
BYK.SRINATH
15Y01S0407
INTRODUCTION
A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
Major applications of drug testing include :
Detection of the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport Employers screening for drugs prohibited by law (such as cannabis, cocaine and heroin) Police officers testing for the presence and concentration of alcohol (ethanol) in the blood commonly referred to as BAC (blood alcohol content).
BLOODHAIR URINE
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Odor of alcohol Odor of marijuana Slurred speech Flushed swollen face Red eyes Pupils dilated or constricted or unusual eye movements Sleepiness Nausea Reduced concentration/focusing
SYMPTOMS & BEHAVIOURS
Change In Attendance Change In Work Quality Increase In Accidents Carelessness Labile (Changing) Mood Uneven Judgment Inability To Locate For Periods Of Time Increase In Visits To Restroom, Car, Etc. Any other suspicious behavior
K. SRINATH TV9 CHINNATEKUR KURNOOL
KURNOOL
Reporting from CES COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
60 % of Forensics Lab work is drugs 85-90% of all Criminal Cases involve drugs 40% of the working population have used illegal drugs. 25% of those seeking help with drug problems are employed 1 in 25 of people are alcohol dependent
80% of Americans think adults should be able to use marijuana legally for medical purposes. 47% of Americans admit having tried marijuana at least once. 72% of Americans say people arrested for possessing small amounts of marijuana should be fined, not jailed.
Drug Testing – 3 Steps1. Specimen Collection2. Specimen Testing and
Confirmation3. Medical Review of
Results (MRO)
CESCOP
PRODUCTIONDRUG
TESTINGINTERVAL
THEWARON
DRUGS
Test for:- Illicit drugs (urine)- Alcohol (breath, saliva)- Other specimens (oral, fluids, hair)
RIA
KNOWN AMOUNTS OF RADIOACTIVE LABELLED DRUG ARE ADDED TO A SAMPLE WITH KNOWN ANTIBODY AMOUNTS.
THE LABELLED AND UNLABELLED DRUGS COMPETE FOR THE ANTIBODY SITES
THE ANTIBODY – ANTIGEN COMPLEXES ARE CENTRIFUGED AND MEASURED IN A GAMMA COUNTER
EMIT(ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE) SYSTEM IS FREQUENTLY USED. THE LABEL ON THE ANTIGEN IS AN ENZYME THAT PRODUCES A CHEMICAL REACTION WHEN INTERACTING WITH ANOTHER SUBSTANCE. ENZYME ACTIVITY IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE CONCENTRATION OF DRUG (ANTIGEN) PRESENT.
EIA
BASED ON AN INERT GAS AS THE MOVING PHASE TO TRANSPORT A VAPORIZED SAMPLE OF DRUG THROUGH A COLUMN CONTAINING A STATIONARY LIQUID PHASE.
GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
A MIXTURE OF KNOWN DRUG COMPOUNDS (STANDARD) ARE APPLIED TO SPECIFIC AREAS AND ARE ALLOWED TO MOVE ACROSS THE PLATE BY CAPILLARY ACTION.
THE UNKNOWNS ARE COMPARED TO KNOWN SAMPLES AS TO THEIR VERY SPECIFIC MOVEMENT.
BREATH DRUG TESTING
ADVANTAGES
- SHOWS CURRENT USE- CAN BE CORRELATED WITH
BLOOD LEVEL- CARBON MONOXIDE
MONITORS CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE IF ONE IS SMOKING
15Y01S0407
-EASY TO ADULTERATE-AMOUNT OF DOSE MAY NOT CORRELATE WITHCONCENTRATION-COLLECTION ISSUES-TESTING MAY NOT CORRELATE WITH LEVELS OF IMPAIRMENT
DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• EXTENSIVE SCIENTIFIC BASE AND RESEARCH
• ACCURATE AND RELIABLE
• TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN IN PLACE FOR YEARS
TOILETSURINE DRUG
TESTING
ADVANTAGES
- LONG TIME WINDOW FOR DRUG DETECTION- EASY TO COLLECT, HANDLE AND STORE
- SAMPLE IS CUT, GROUND UP THEN WASHED WITH WATER AND/OR SOLVENTS. EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION PROCESS PRECEDES ASSAY- STORAGE IS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (NO NEED TO REFRIGERATE OR FREEZE PATIENT SAMPLES)
- SECOND COLLECTION CAPABILITY
DISADVANTAGES
- MAY NOT DETECT RECENT USE- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION IS A POSSIBLE PROBLEM- MECHANISM OF DRUG DEPOSITION IS NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD
- DUE TO EITHER DIFFUSION FROM BLOOD TO HAIR FOLLICLE, SWEAT SECRETION, SEBACEOUS GLAND SECRETION OR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
ADVANTAGES
• DETECTION PERIOD IS MINUTES TO DAYS AFTER INGESTION• BREATH LEVELS
CAN BE CORRELATED WITH BLOOD LEVELS
DISADVANTAGES
• INVASIVE• RISK OF NEEDLE
STICKS TO HEALTHCARE WORKERS
BLOODDRUGTEST
CONCLUSION- All drug tests have strengths and limitations- All specimen types have strengths and limitations, and are at risk of tampering- Individual characteristics of a drug user will impact drug testing results