drug studyfgsd5yef

7/29/2019 Drug StudyFGSD5YEF

1/9

DRUG STUDY

DOSAGE /

ROUTE /

FREQUENCY

MECHANIS

MOF

ACTION

INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION

S

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING

CONSIDERATIONS

GenericName:

Bisacodyl

Brand Name:

Dulcolax

- 10mg 2tabs

- Oral- OD - HS

Increasesperistalsis& motoractivity ofthe smallintestines

by actingdirectly onthe smoothmuscles.

Constipation Evacuation of

bowel beforeradiologicstudies orsurgery

Acutesurgicalabdomen orintestinalobstruction

severedehydration

fecalimpaction

chronic use.

Abdominalcramps (colic,cramps)

Nausea Diarrhea Hypokalemia Muscle

weakness

Assess bowelsounds

Do not give ifpatient ahsabdominal pain

Teach the patient:

short-termtherapyonly

increasefluidintake

bulk up thediet

normalbowelhabits mayvary from3times/day

to3 times/week

Classification:

- laxatives


2/9

DRUG

DOSAGE /

ROUTE /FREQUENCY

MECHANISM

OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDEEFFECTS

NURSING

CONSIDERATIONS

Generic

Name:Cefuroxime

Brand Name:

- 750mg- IV- q 8 hrs

Second-

generationcephalosporinthat inhibits

cell-wallsynthesis,

promotingosmoticinstability;usually

bactericidal.

- Preoperativeprophylaxis inclients

undergoingsurgical

proceduresclassified ascleancontaminated or

potentiallycontaminated.

* Contraindicated inpatients hypersensitive todrug.

* Use cautiously inpatients hypersensitive topenicillin because ofpossibility of cross-sensitivity with other

beta-lactam antibiotics.

GI:Diarrhea,

nausea,

antibiotic-associatedcolitis.

Skin:Rash,

pruritus,urticaria.

Urogenital:Increasedserumcretonneand BUN,decreasedcreatinineclearance

1. Check fordoctors

order

2. Perform ANST prior to

admission

3. Should not be given

if positive skin test

4. Slow IV push

5. Inform the patient about

the possible side effect of

the drug

6. Advise patient toreport any discomfort

on the IV insertion site.

Classification:

2ndgenerationCephalosporin


3/9

DRUGDOSAGE /ROUTE /

FREQUENCY

MECHANISMOF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE

EFFECTS

NURSINGCONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name:

Ketorolac

Brand Name:Toradol

- 30mg(3doses)

- IV- q 6hrs

Reduces the

productionof

prostaglandins,chemicals thatcells of the

immune systemmake thatcause theredness, fever,

and pain ofinflammationand that also are

believedto be importantin the

production ofnoninflammatory

pain.

For short term

management(up to 5 days)

of moderatelysevere acute

pain that

otherwisewould requirenarcotics. Itmost often is

used aftersurgery.

Hypersensitivity

to ketorolac, renalImpairment, aspirin

allergy

> Rash

> Ringing inthe

ears> Headaches> Dizziness

> Drowsiness> Abdominal

pain> Nausea

> Diarrhea> Constipation> Heartburn> Fluidretention> Somnolence

1. Assess patient for

contraindication.2. Assess for baseline

data.3. Infuse slowly as a

bolus over

no less than 15seconds.4. Tell patient that hemay

experience sideeffects

brought upon by thedrug.5. Provide comfortmeasures ifheadache occurs.

Classification:Nonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrug


4/9

DRUG

DOSAGE /

ROUTE /FREQUENCY

MECHANISM

OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING

CONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name:

Bupivacaine

Brand Name:Bupican

Bupivacaine

0.25% 10cc +0.25MSO4 OD

> Block the

generation andthe conductionof nerve

impulses,presumably byincreasing thethreshold forelectricalexcitation in thenerve, byslowing the

propagation ofthe nerveimpulse, and byreducingthe rate of riseof the action

potential.> The analgesiceffects of

Bupivacaine arethought to

be due to itsbinding to theprostaglandinE2 receptors,subtype EP1(PGE2EP1),

which inhibitsthe

production of

> Local or

regionalanesthesia> Analgesia

for surgery

> Hypersensitivity

to bupivacaine orother localanesthesia e.g.

lignocaine, bloodclotting disorder,low blood pressure,

> Nervousness

> Tinglingaround themouth

> Tinnitus> Tremor> Dizziness> Blurred vision> Ringing of theears> Feeling ofdisorientation

> Nausea> Vomiting> Drowsiness> Numbness oftongue>Lightheadedness

1. Assess for

contraindication.2. Assess for baselinedata.

3. Monitor vital signscarefully,drug depresses the

pulmonaryand cardiac system.4. Monitor for sideeffects.5. Tell patient that he

mayexperience sideeffects

brought about by thedrug andif such is/areintolerable hemust report them soas prompt

interventions bedone.

6. Oral care ifvomiting occurs.7. Monitor foroccurrence ofadverse effects,report to the

anesthesiologist anysigns andsymptoms of adverse

Classification:Anesthesia


5/9

prostaglandins,

therebyreducing fever,inflammation,

and

effects.

8. Continue tomonitor patientfollowing

discontinuation of

anesthesia.


6/9

DRUG

DOSAGE /

ROUTE /FREQUENCY

MECHANISM

OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDEEFFECTS

NURSING

CONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name:

NalbuphineHCL

Brand Name:Nubain

- 5mg- IM

Binds with

opiate receptorsin the CNS,altering

perception ofand emotionalresponse to pain.

Management of

moderate tosevere painpreoperative

andpostoperativeanalgesiasupplement to

balancedanesthesia

Contraindicated in

patients hypersensitive todrugUse cautiously in

patients with history ofdrug abuse and in thosewith emotional instability,head injury, increasedICP, impaired ventilation,MI accompanied by N/V,upcoming biliary surgery,and hepatic or renal

disease

CNS:Sedation,dizziness,vertigo,headache,

agitation,confusion,crying,

depression,dysphoria,

euphoria,faintness,floating feeling,hallucinations,heavinessfeeling,hostility,nervousness,numbness,restlessness,seizures,tingling,unreality,unusual dreams

CV:Bradycardia,hypertension,hypotension,tachycardia

Reassesspatients

level of pain at least15 and 30 minutesafter parenteral

administrationNalbuphine acts asan opioid antagonistand may causewithdrawalsyndrome. For

patients who havereceived log-term

opioids, give 25% ofthe usual doseinitially. Watch forsings of withdrawal.Alert: Drug causesrespiratorydepression, which at10mg is equal torespiratory

depression producedby 10 mg of

morphineMonitor circulatory

and respiratorystatus, bladder and

bowel function. Ifrespirations are

shallow or rate isbelow 12breaths/minute,

Classification:

Narcotic agonist-antagonistanalgesic


7/9

EENT: Blurred

vision, drymouth

GI: Nausea,

vomiting,biliary tractspasms,

constipationcramps,dyspepsia

GU: Urinaryurgency

Respiratory:Respiratorydepression,asthma,

dyspnea,pulmonary

edema

Skin: Burning,clamminess,diaphoresis,

pruritus,uticaria

withhold dose and

notify prescriberConstipation isoften severe with

maintenance therapy.

Make sure stoolsoftener or otherlaxative is ordered.Psychological and

physical dependencemay occur with

prolonged use.


8/9

DRUG

DOSAGE /

ROUTE /FREQUENCY

MECHANIS

MOF ACTION

INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING

CONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name:Promethazinehydrochloride

Brand Name:Phenergan

- 25mg- IM Selectivelyblocks H1

receptors,

diminishingthe effects ofhistamine oncells of theupperrespiratorytract and eyesand

decreasing thesneezing,mucus

production,itching andtearing thataccompanyallergicreactions in

sensitizedpeople

exposed toantigens;

blockscholinergicreceptors inthe vomiting

center that arebelieved tomediate

Treatmentand

prevention

of motionsickness;

preventionand controlof nauseaandvomitingassociated

withanesthesiaand surgery.

Preoperative,

postoperative orobstetric

sedation.

Adjunct toanalgesicsto control

postoperative pain.

hypersensitivity toantihistamines or

phenothiazines, coma or

severe CNS depression,bone marrow depression,vomiting of unknowncause, concomitanttherapy with MAOIs,lactation.

CNS: Dizziness,Drowsiness, poorcoordination,

confusion,restlessness,excitation,convulsions,tremors, headache,

blurred vision,diplopia, vertigo,tinnitur

CV: Hypotension,palpitations,bradycardia,tachycardia,extrasystoles

DERMATOLOGIC: Urticaria, rash,

photosensitivity,chills.

GI: Epigastricdistress, nausea,vomiting, diarrhea,constipation

GU: Urinaryfrequency, dysuria,urinary retention,

Observe 10 rights indrug administration.

Assess forhypersensitivity andothercontraindication.

Classification:Phenothiazine,Dopaminergic

bloking agent,Antihistamine,Antiemetic, Anti-motion sicknessagent,Sedative/hypnotic.


9/9

nausea and

vomitingcaused bygastric

irritation, by

input from thechemoreceptor trigger zone;depress the

RAS,including the

parts of thebrain involvesinwakefulness.

decreased libido,

impotence

HEMATOLOGIC:

Hemolytic anemia,

hypoplasticanemia,thrombocytopenia,leucopenia,

agranulocytosis,pancytopenia.

RESPIRATORY:Thickening of

brochial secretions,chest tightness, dry

mouth, suppressionof cough reflex,

potential foraspiration.

drug studyfgsd5yef

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