NAME OF

THE DRUG

MACHANISM OF

ACTION

DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRA-

INDICATIONS

ADVERSE

REACTION

NURSING ALERT

Generic

Name:

Paracetamol

Brand

Name:

Tempra

Thought to

produce

analgesia by

blocking pain

impulses by

inhibiting

synthesis of

prostaglandin in

the CNS or of

other substances

that sensitize pain

receptors to

stimulation. The

drug may relieve

fever through

central action in

the hypothalamic

heat-regulating

center.

Dosage:

250/5ml

Frequency:

q4h

Classification:

Non opioids

analgesics and

antipyretics

Mild pain or

fever

-Contra-

indicated in

patient

hypersensitivity

to drug.

-Use cautiously

in patients with

long-term

alcohol use of

alcohol

because

therapeutic

doses cause

hepatotoxicity

in these

patients.

-Hematologic:

Hemolytic

Anemia,

Leukopenia,

Neutropenia,

-Hepatic:

Jaundice

-Metabolic:

hypoglycemia

-Skin: rash,

urticaria

-Use liquid form for children

and patients who difficulty

of swallowing.

-In children don’t exceed

five (5) doses in 24h.

-Advise parents that drug is

only for short-term use;

urge them to consult

prescriber if giving to

children for longer than 5

days or adults for longer

than 10 days.

-Tell parents/patient not to

use for marked fever (temp

higher than 103.1F or

39.5C), fever persisting

longer than 3 days, or

recurrent fever unless

directed by prescriber.

XVI. Drug Study

24

NAME OF MECHANISM DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRA- ADVERSE NURSING ALERT

THE DRUG OF ACTION INDICATIONS REACTION

Generic

Name:

Cefuroxime

Sodium

Brand

Name:

Zinacef

Second-

generation

cephalosporin

that inhibits

cell- wall

synthesis,

promoting

osmotic

instability,

usually

bactericidal.

Dosage:

500mg

Frequency:

q8h

Classification:

Second

generation

Cephalosporin

-Serious lower

respiratory tract

infection, UTI,

skin structure

infections

-Contraindicated

in patient with

hypersensitivity to

drug or other

cephalosporin.

-Use cautiously in

patient

hypersensitivity to

penicillin because

of possibility of

cross sensitivity

with other beta-

lactam antibiotics.

.

-GI: diarrhea,

nausea,

anorexia,

vomiting

-Hematologic:

hemolytic

anemia,

thrombocytopeni

a, eosinophilia

-Skin:

maculopapular

and

erythematous

rashes, urticarial,

pain,

temperature

elevation,

anaphylaxis,

hypersensitivity

reaction

-Before giving drug,

ask patient/parents if

he is allergic to

penicillins or

cephalosporin.

-Obtain specimen for

C/S test before giving

first dose.

-Tablets may be

crushed, if absolutely

necessary, for patient

who can’t swallow

tablets. Tablets can be

dissolved in juices,

chocolate or milk,

however, the drug has

a bitter taste that is

difficult to mask, even

with food.

-Don’t confuse drug

with other

cephalosporins that 25

sound alike.

-Tell patient to take

drug as prescribed,

even after he feels

better.

-Instruct patient to take

oral form with food.

-Instruct patient to

notify prescriber about

rash, loose stool,

diarrhea or evidence of

superinfection.

Contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to drug or other cephalosporin.

-Use cautiously in patient hypersensitivity to penicillin because of possibility of cross sensitivity with other beta- lactam

antibiotics.

.

-CV: phlebitis, thrombophlebitis

-GI: diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, vomiting

-Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia

-Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes, urticarial, pain, sterile abcesses, temperature elevation, anaphylaxis,

hypersensitivity reaction

-Before giving drug, ask patient/parents if he is allergic to penicillins or cephalosporin.

-Obtain specimen for C/S test before giving first dose.

-For IM use, inject deep into a large muscle, such as gluteus maximus or the side of the thigh.

-Absorption of oral drug is enhanced by food.

-Tablets may be crushed, if absolutely necessary, for patient who can’t swallow tablets. Tablets can be dissolved in juices,

chocolate or milk, however, the drug has a bitter taste that is difficult to mask, even with food.

-Don’t confuse drug with other cephalosporins that sound alike.

-Tell patient to take drug as prescribed, even after he feels better.

-Instruct patient to take oral form with food.

-Instruct patient to notify prescriber about rash, loose stool, diarrhea or evidence of superinfection.

26

Contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to drug or other cephalosporin.

-Use cautiously in patient hypersensitivity to penicillin because of possibility of cross sensitivity with other beta- lactam

antibiotics.

.

-CV: phlebitis, thrombophlebitis

-GI: diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, vomiting

-Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia

-Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes, urticarial, pain, sterile abcesses, temperature elevation, anaphylaxis,

hypersensitivity reaction

-Before giving drug, ask patient/parents if he is allergic to penicillins or cephalosporin.

-Obtain specimen for C/S test before giving first dose.

-For IM use, inject deep into a large muscle, such as gluteus maximus or the side of the thigh.

-Absorption of oral drug is enhanced by food.

-Tablets may be crushed, if absolutely necessary, for patient who can’t swallow tablets. Tablets can be dissolved in juices,

chocolate or milk, however, the drug has a bitter taste that is difficult to mask, even with food.

-Don’t confuse drug with other cephalosporins that sound alike.

-Tell patient to take drug as prescribed, even after he feels better.

-Instruct patient to take oral form with food.

-Instruct patient to notify prescriber about rash, loose stool, diarrhea or evidence of superinfection.

26