Drug Identification Tests

Catalyst – entrance quiz! Using your notes

Name two club drugs and their effects.

Whats the difference between cocaine and crack cocaine?

Aim What are the tests that forensic

scientists use to determine the identity of drugs

Agenda› Catalyst› Mini Lesson› Practice

Screening and Confirmation Scenario: A police officer stops a

motorist who is driving erratically and notices a bag of white powder on the front seat of the car. S/he has no idea what it is. How can S/he figure it out?

Screening and Confirmation When faced with a scenario like this,

forensic scientists have to develop a plan of action.

Two phases› Screening phase› Confirmation phase

Screening test The drug could be 1000+ commonly

encountered drugs (Rx too) Screening test – a preliminary test used

to reduce the number of possible identities of an unknown substance

Many of these = color tests. Shows what is possible and what it is

not. DOES NOT CONFIRM IDENTITY

Why can screening tests not confirm identity?

Other drugs/chemicals might react in similar ways

Color Tests Many drugs turn certain colors when

brought into contact with a chemical reagent

Chemical reagent – a substance used to detect other substances

**only for screening purposes!*

Marquis Reagent purple in presence of heroin,

morphine, opiates Reagent orange/brown in presence of

amphetamines and methamphetamine

Dillie-Koppanyi Reagent violet/blue in presence of

barbituates

Duquenois-Levine Test for marijuana Add a series of chemical solutions Turns purple when chloroform is added

Van Urk Reagent blue/purple in presence of

LSD

Scott Test Two steps! Reagent blue in presence of cocaine When add hydrochloric acid clear

pink

example Watch my mini experiment!

Phase Two: Confirmation Confirmation test - a single test that

specifically identifies a substance.

1st – make a table organizing the color indicator tests

2nd – with a partner, write a scenarios where unknown drugs were found. Then write a 1 paragraph description of what tests you would perform and what results you might see.

Name of Test

Drug its testing for

Color itll change if positive

Over the Counter Drug Lab

February 21st, 2010

Catalyst What is an over the counter drug? What are examples of over the counter

drugs that people use pretty commonly What is the difference between a

screening test and a confirmation test?

Aim What are other screening tests

performed on over the counter drugs? How do we perform these tests?

Agenda› Catalyst› Go over lab procedure› Complete lab

Learning Target I CAN describe AND perform the

laboratory tests normally used to perform a routine drug identification analysis

Take 5 minutes to read the lab

Try to fill out the table

Table on Positive ResultsBEFORE WATER UNIVERSAL

INDICATORHCl Ferric

Nitrate

Aspirin

Alka-seltzer

Tylenol

Unknown A

Unknown B

Safety precautions Wear goggles Do everything over paper towels If theres a spill, contact me. If i make someone in your group take a

time out, dont complain.

Setting up your spot platenotice how i skil every other

testsASPIRIN

ALKASELTZER

ACETOMINOPHEN

UNKNOWN A

UNKNOWN B

When you are done Wash out your materials in the sink. Leave on papertowels to dry. Return bottles/samples up to front

Lab questions due tomorrow

Try to complete them now Complete sentences Individually. Be neat. Dont fold up your paper .

chromotographyFebruary 23rd, 2010

catalyst What happens when your jeans are too

long and you walk around in the snow after a snowstorm and the snow has begun to melt?

What do your jeans look like once youve gone inside?

What do they look like when theyve dried hours later?

Aim What is chromotography? What is

chromotography used for?

Agenda› Catalyst› Demo› Mini lesson› Practice

Demo Watch my setup.

Chromotography Way to separate and identify the

components of a mixture

Useful for analyzing drug speciments that might be diluted or “cut”

Idea: chemical substances escape into surrounding environment

Example: nail polish

Liquid phase: liquid nailpolish in bottle Gas phase: gaseous vapors of

nailpolish in the air

Separation of mixtures If you have salt water, how do you

separate the salt and water?

Many types of chromotography

Thin layer chromotography Gas chromotography Ultraviolet and visible spectophotometry Infrared spectophotometry Mass spectophotometry

All are ways to figure out components of mixtures. Used across the board in allllll the sciences.

Thin Layer Chromotography (our focus)

Uses a solid stationary phase and a moving liquid phase to separate pieces of a mixture.

Quick and easy method Need tiny sample

Show you demo online first, then i’ll explain the details

http://www3.wooster.edu/Chemistry/analytical/gc/default.html

Each piece of mixture is separated by polarity

If molecule is POLAR, will not travel far If molecule is NONPOLAR, it will travel

far.

Procedure A thin plate covered in a special

coating (silica gel) Sample must be in a dissolved form One tiny sample placed on lower edge

of place, about 1 cm away from bottom Placed in a little bit of liquid. The liquid

moves up the plate takes with it certain dissolved parts.

Check out my demo

Most often parts of mixture are clear

So you have to use a different chemical reagent to show the color

Rf value Each chemical will move up a plate the

same distance. Ex: cocaine always moves up to the

same level Ex: blue ink will always move up to the

same level.

Rf value Distance traveled by component

distance traveled by liquid example:

Rf value Distance traveled by component

distance traveled by liquid example:

Homework Your discussion questions in paragraph

form The mini worksheet i gave out now.

Catalyst What is the equation for Rf value? What is Rf value useful for?

How far the spot traveled How far the liquid traveled

Catalyst Write 3 sentences explaining what we

did in the lab. Im coming around to check if youve

done this in 3 minutes.

Aim How do we conduct TLC analysis Write mini lab write up

Learning Target I can describe, explain , and perform

the process of chromatography

Rf Value Analysis How do we do it?

› Need ruler & calculator Distance moved by substance Distance moved by solvent

Step 1: Make sure your strips are in the right spot on the paper towel

(i.e. That orange spot is above MO for Methylene Orange)

Step 2: Measure from the pencil line Ms. Martin drew to the line YOU drew. › This is your DENOMINATOR

Step 3: Measure from the pencil line Ms. Martin drew to the DARKEST PART of the streak.

Step 4: Divide! Unknown 1 has TWO Rf values Unknown 2 has ONE Rf value.

Introduction Paragraph 1:

› what are the two phases of drug analysis› which phase is Thin Layer Chromatography a

part of?› Describe how thin layer chromatography is used

Paragraph 2:› Describe how Thin Layer Chromatography

works? › What ideas are they based on?› How are components separated› How is it calculated?

Aim, Hypothesis, Methods Aim

› What question are we tryhing to answer Hypothesis

› If... Then... statement Methods

› What did we do in the lab?› Write it in past tense› Can list it OR write it in paragraph form› Avoid using he/she/i/ms. martin

Data/Observations/Results Results - Data Table & Observations Rewrite the data table NEATLY on

paper. Compile the observations of your group

members. Write them up neatly.

Discussion What did we try to do int he lab? How

did we do it? What was the Rf value for each of your

samples?

ONE COPY due at the end of the period!