dr.r.narayanasamy - formability of automobile grade steels
TRANSCRIPT
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Ohm namo narayanaDr.R.NARAYANASAMYProfessor,Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Project TitleFormability and Wrinkling Limit diagrams and their analysis of High strength I.F., Dual Phase, HSLA and other steels sheets supplied by M/s. TATA STEEL TISCO Ltd, Jamshedpur, India
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Principal Research Investigator Dr.R.NARAYANASAMYProfessor,Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
Co-Research Investigator
Dr.C.SATHIYANARAYANANAssistant Professor,Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sheet Metals Supplied by M/s. TATA Steel India Ltd
Interstitial Free Steel sheets0.6 mm thickness0.9 mm thickness1.2 mm thickness1.6 mm thickness
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Sheet Metals
Micro Alloyed steel 1.2 mm thicknessCarbon-Manganese steel 1.4 mm thicknessExtra Gal 0.72 mm thickness.Bake Hardened steel 0.82 mm thickness.SPRC 35 steel 0.7,1.0,1.2 mm thickness.SPRC 40 steel 0.7 mm thickness E 36 steel 2.0 mm thickness
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Sheet MetalsHigh Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steel of thickness 1.6 mmExtra Deep Drawing Quality (EDDQ) Steel of Thickness 1.2 mmStainless Steel 430 Grade 1.6 mm thickness.
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ObjectiveTensile PropertiesForming Limit DiagramStrain DistributionFractographyTexture studyOther related parameters
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Tensile TestStandard Specimen PreparedLoad is applied and corresponding deformation (length, width and thickness)- measured.True stress and true strain calculatedTrue stress and true strain graph drawn.
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Tensile Test Specimen
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Tensile Testn- strain hardening exponentSlope of the true stress-true strain curve.K- strength coefficientK true stress value when the true strain is 0.1
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Tensile Testr- ratio of width strain to thickness strainSpecimens- cut in 0, 45 & 90 to the rolling directionn = (n0+ 2n45+n90)/4r - normal anisotropyr = (r0+ 2r45+r90)/4
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Need of Forming Limit DiagramSheet metals are subjected to various strain conditions namely Tension-tension (bi-axial stretching), Plane strain and tension-compression (deep drawing)Limiting strain differ in different conditions FLD tool to evaluate the limiting strain under various strain conditions.
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ProcedureSheets 200x200, 200x180, 200x160, 200x140, 200x120, 200x100, 200x80 mm.Circular grid pattern of initial diameter 3.25mm - etchedFormed up to fracture Double action hydraulic press BEMCO make - 200 tons capacity.Circles due to deformation become ellipsesMajor diameters and minor diameters - measured
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Forming Tool
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Forming Limit DiagramMajor strain and minor strain were calculatedSafe region, Necked region, Fracture region for all sheetsGraph is plotted Minor strain in X-axis and Major strain in Y- axisDividing the safe region and unsafe region by smooth curve.
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Strain DistributionMajor strain and minor strain measure at different differences from the pole in longitudinal directionStrain distribution profile is plot by taking Distance from the pole in X-axis and Strain in Y-axis.
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Strain DistributionThickness strain - measured at different differences from the pole in longitudinal direction, transverse direction and diagonal directionThickness strain distribution profiles were plot by taking Distance from the pole in X-axis and Strain in Y-axis.
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Fractography & TextureSamples are cut nearest to the origin of fracture.Observed through Scanning Electron Microscope.Texture of the sheets were also studied for few of the steels.
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Interstitial Free Steels0.6 mm thickness0.9 mm thickness 1.2 mm thickness1.6 mm thickness
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Chemical Composition
ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmTiBNbIF 0.6mm0.00270.380.0090.010.010.047370.0420.00070.046IF0.9mm0.00270.360.0080.010.010.047360.0420.00070.046IF1.2mm0.00350.40.0080.0070.0440.045350.040.00080.001IF1.6mm0.0030.330.0130.0060.040.04320.0440.00070.001
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Chemical Composition
ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmTiCrNbMicro Alloyed1.2mm0.0081.30.0560.0040.0110.048390.013-0.032C-Mn Steel1.4mm0.151.40.2180.0070.07190.037380.0010.036-
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Chemical Composition
ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmTiCrBSPRC 350.7mm 0.00270.40.0120.0090.0460.033-0.045-0.001SPRC 351.0mm0.00350.380.0090.110.0440.034-0.040-0.0006SPRC 351.2mm0.00270.430.0080.0100.0480.050-0.004-0.0006
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Chemical Composition
ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmCuCrBH steel0.82mm0.0030.280.0080.0050.030.055400.0040.014Extra Gal Steel0.72mm0.0030.280.0080.0050.030.055400.0040.014
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Microstructure of HSLA Steel 1.6 mm Thickness
50 mm
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50 mm
Microstructure of IF Steel 0.9 mm Thickness
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Microstructure of IF Steel 1.2 mm Thickness
50 mm
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Microstructure of IF Steel 1.6 mm Thickness
50 mm
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Microstructure of Micro alloyed Steel 1.2 mm Thickness10 mm
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Microstructure of C-Mn Steel 1.4 mm Thickness10 mm
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Microstructure of SPRC 35 Steel 0.7 mm Thickness
10 mm
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Microstructure of SPRC 35 Steel 1.0 mm Thickness
10 mm
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Microstructure of SPRC 35 Steel 1.2 mm Thickness
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Microstructure of BH Steel 0.82 mm Thickness50mm
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Microstructure of Extra Gal Steel 0.72 mm Thickness50mm
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Tensile Properties
Sheetn Av.rKMPaIF 0.6 mm0.2961.48562IF 0.9 mm0.3251.37607.8IF 1.2 mm0.3171.0725607IF1.6 mm0.3391.565655.6
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Tensile Properties
Sheetn Ave.rKMPaMicro alloyed, 1.2 mm0.18770.9325562C-Mn, 1.4 mm0.20461.2984777.8BH Steel, 0.82 mm0.15791.659824.5Extra Gal, 0.72 mm0.238471.478450
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Tensile Properties
Sheetn AverKMPaSPRC 35, 0.7 mm0.23641.5321385.0SPRC 35, 1.0 mm0.28811.6127507.5SPRC 35, 1.2 mm0.25211.1032612.5
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FLD for IF Steel sheet with 0.6 mm thickness
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FLD for IF Steel sheet with 0.9 mm thickness
Chart1
0.42433359240.49643688630.37843643570.40355852980.42433359240.36662527480.38404267250.43395706390.3294284950.30538164960.40164830960.30538164960.28410425110.42433359240.27763173660.43917616550.4771210970.37647757120.41305527740.43363598510.3137674429
0.44834213250.50336932310.36662527480.39589565710.44468582130.34662460810.3641613020.4131426890.28695926790.31376744290.42433359240.26236426450.27546488850.4717877510.29053514140.4501652870.45198512370.35065687160.41682886680.47889257670.3200109596
0.42620100660.44834213250.42992540570.39397072870.45198512370.32621573650.35203994140.52003167270.31054021050.2926696140.43917616550.27763173660.32621573650.48242614920.25574902530.43178241640.46642580790.32001095960.39204208780.41305527740.3425760196
0.42992540570.51367869270.47889257670.40736805830.4717877510.35266692250.37811965420.43955931950.33976984880.28410425110.39589565710.29692493950.31793411560.42058826970.29692493950.40546510810.49469624180.31376744290.38623374620.46642580790.3158529494
0.44468582130.51538663510.47356869540.37451486210.4501652870.28410425110.35811898750.50619062130.3294284950.31793411560.3842901110.3116775780.31376744290.47534647370.25574902530.40546510810.47534647370.3405455620.40926739410.42992540570.3506568716
0.41682886680.56693586940.44285264020.390109720.428064940.29904583110.36616732070.47971069810.3315053390.32621573650.39781688730.27763173660.33851097330.42433359240.24014112770.43548612440.46642580790.34662460810.41116312920.44468582130.3385109733
0.40736805830.46283513980.39781688730.38039147060.42433359240.27763173660.3701673260.52174841130.3701673260.29904583110.24908973330.35867294660.54232429080.21741287660.40164830960.44285264020.33851097330.48770320630.3179341156
0.44285264020.4717877510.39397072870.48945605520.31793411560.3315053390.48506307480.29774685910.28410425110.34662460810.42433359240.29904583110.43548612440.35065687160.40926739410.3137674429
0.45198512370.46821631870.40926739410.50853729320.3116775780.33771011590.48506307480.3168760290.2579589710.33033096860.38623374620.21741287660.45923153230.35867294660.35867294660.3364722366
0.43178241640.48945605520.41871033490.43178241640.29904583110.2891261160.2926696140.33647223660.48242614920.3764775712
0.3335778786
0.329428495
Necking-Blank Width 80mm
Fracture-Blank Width 80 mm
Safe-Blank Width 80 mm
Necking-Blank Width 100 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 100mm
Safe-Blank Width 100mm
Necking-Blank Width 120mm
Fracture-Blank Width 120mm
Safe-Blank Width 120 mm
Necking-Blank Width 140 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 140 mm
Safe-Blank Width 140 mm
Necking-Blank width 160 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 160mm
Safe-Blank width 160 mm
Necking-Blank Width 180mm
Fracture-Blank Width 180mm
Safe-Blank Width 180 mm
Necking-Blank Width 200mm
Fracture-Blank Width 200 mm
Safe-Blank Width 200mm
Minor Strain
Major Strain
Sheet1
4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials
Sheet dimensions = 300 x 80Sheet dimensions = 300 x 100Sheet dimensions = 300 x 120Sheet dimensions = 300 x 140Sheet dimensions = 300 x 160Sheet dimensions = 300 x 180Sheet dimensions = 300 x 200
Thickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mm
original grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.46 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mm
NeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strain
15.353.210.4243335924-0.086492031415.243.250.4035585298-0.074107972215.083.250.3840426725-0.062613592714.753.480.3053816496-0.005730674714.653.570.28410425110.019802627315.433.910.43917616550.11077440550.252232279915.293.980.41305527740.1285188508
25.483.090.4483421325-0.124591877625.23.180.3958956571-0.095881771724.983.220.364161302-0.0718872295-5.065730094724.793.480.3137674429-0.005730674724.613.530.27546488850.008534902425.493.830.4501652870.090101834725.313.990.41682886680.1310282624
35.363.150.4262010066-0.105360515735.193.280.3939707287-0.064919546134.923.270.3520399414-0.056478604234.693.50.2926696140034.853.580.32621573650.022599831935.393.750.43178241640.068992871535.184.150.39204208780.1703453657
45.383.210.4299254057-0.086492031445.263.180.4073680583-0.095881771745.053.260.3781196542-0.059541393744.653.50.2841042511044.813.580.31793411560.022599831945.253.820.40546510810.087487454145.154.050.38623374620.1459539126
55.463.180.4446858213-0.095881771755.093.180.3745148621-0.095881771754.953.210.3581189875-0.074997651954.813.520.31793411560.005698021154.793.620.31376744290.033711057355.253.780.40546510810.076961041155.274.080.40926739410.15333401990.3746548641
65.313.130.4168288668-0.111729963965.173.170.39010972-0.099031380664.993.240.3661673207-0.065695259364.853.520.32621573650.005698021164.913.650.33851097330.04196419910.123967027465.413.740.43548612440.066322642965.283.890.41116312920.1056461891
75.263.180.4073680583-0.095881771775.123.150.3803914706-0.105360515775.013.250.370167326-0.0626135927-5.91193237674.723.50.2990458311075.013.610.35867294660.030944803875.233.80.40164830960.08223809827
85.453.170.4428526402-0.099031380685.193.10.3939707287-0.12136085784.823.210.331505339-0.0749976519884.953.570.34662460810.019802627388
95.53.090.4519851237-0.1245918776-3.627725438595.273.190.4092673941-0.092742051794.853.290.3377101159-0.0503810243994.873.620.33033096860.033711057399
105.393.20.4317824164-0.0896121587105.323.120.4187103349-0.1149299667-3.6431780761010104.93.560.33647223660.01699757641010
FractureFracture0FractureFractureFractureFractureFracture
15.753.120.4964368863-0.11492996670.305683426515.353.10.4243335924-0.12136085715.343.220.4339570639-0.07188722950.252922146715.233.520.40164830960.00569802110.197975144215.353.550.42433359240.0141846350.205074478715.643.930.4771210970.11587645740.180622319815.44.150.43363598510.17034536570.1316453097
25.793.080.5033693231-0.12783337150.315601347325.463.120.4446858213-0.114929966725.233.250.413142689-0.06261359270.237878140925.353.50.424333592400.212166796225.613.450.471787751-0.01438873750.243088244225.53.850.45198512370.09531017980.17833747225.654.180.47889257670.1775482780.1506721493
35.483.090.4483421325-0.12459187760.28646700535.53.060.4519851237-0.134348052535.823.270.5200316727-0.05647860420.288255138435.433.50.439176165500.219588082735.673.620.48242614920.03371105730.22435754635.583.910.46642580790.11077440550.177825701235.294.080.41305527740.15333401990.1298606287
45.853.110.5136786927-0.11814024230.315909467545.613.190.471787751-0.092742051745.373.210.4395593195-0.07499765190.257278485745.23.50.395895657100.197947828545.333.670.42058826970.04742869360.186579788145.743.870.49469624180.10049153850.197102351645.584.020.46642580790.13851893410.1639534369
55.863.050.5153866351-0.13762137790.326504006555.493.210.450165287-0.086492031455.743.210.5061906213-0.07499765190.290594136655.143.510.3842901110.0028530690.19071852155.633.450.4753464737-0.01438873750.244867605655.633.950.47534647370.12095261040.177196931655.384.130.42992540570.16551443850.1322054836
66.173.120.5669358694-0.11492996670.34093291865.373.250.42806494-0.074107972265.593.250.4797106981-0.06261359270.271162145465.213.490.3978168873-0.00286123230.200339059865.353.720.42433359240.06096069980.181686446365.584.010.46642580790.13602827280.165198767565.464.090.44468582130.15578200160.1444519099
75.563.020.4628351398-0.14750613710.305170638475.353.170.4243335924-0.099031380675.833.220.5217484113-0.07188722950.296817820470.203122572176.023.520.54232429080.00569802110.268313134975.453.820.44285264020.08748745410.17768259375.74.010.48770320630.13602827280.1758374668
80.31375268785.713.150.4894560552-0.105360515785.623.270.4850630748-0.05647860420.2707708395885.353.620.42433359240.03371105730.195311267585.413.890.43548612440.10564618910.164919967685.273.990.40926739410.13102826240.1391195658
995.823.190.5085372932-0.092742051795.623.280.4850630748-0.05342516670.2692441208995.153.650.38623374620.04196419910.172134773595.543.870.45923153230.10049153850.179369996995.013.890.35867294660.10564618910.1265133787
10105.393.110.4317824164-0.1181402423100.270546997110100.213490365105.673.720.48242614920.06096069980.2107327247100.1438065922
SafeSafeSafeSafeSafeSafe0.1808988826Safe
15.113.120.3784364357-0.114929966715.053.250.3666252748-0.074107972214.813.380.329428495-0.023392879614.753.510.30538164960.00285306914.623.630.27763173660.036469679815.13.820.37647757120.087487454114.793.780.31376744290.0769610411
25.053.150.3666252748-0.105360515724.953.180.3466246081-0.095881771724.613.370.2869592679-0.026355844724.553.50.2623642645024.683.620.29053514140.033711057324.973.670.35065687160.047428693624.823.650.32001095960.0419641991
35.383.210.4299254057-0.086492031434.853.280.3262157365-0.064919546134.723.320.3105402105-0.041303806134.623.50.2776317366034.523.540.25574902530.011363758734.823.670.32001095960.047428693634.933.730.34257601960.0636452652
45.653.280.4788925767-0.064919546144.983.180.3526669225-0.095881771744.863.30.3397698488-0.047346120644.713.520.29692493950.005698021144.713.490.2969249395-0.002861232344.793.80.31376744290.082238098244.83.750.31585294940.0689928715
55.623.250.4735686954-0.074107972254.653.180.2841042511-0.095881771754.813.350.329428495-0.032308243254.783.490.311677578-0.002861232354.523.560.25574902530.016997576454.923.660.3405455620.044700178954.973.980.35065687160.1285188508
65.453.180.4428526402-0.095881771764.723.250.2990458311-0.074107972264.823.340.331505339-0.035297782164.623.50.2776317366064.453.540.24014112770.011363758764.953.710.34662460810.058268908164.913.810.33851097330.0848662206
75.213.120.3978168873-0.114929966774.623.150.2776317366-0.105360515775.013.350.370167326-0.032308243274.493.50.2490897333074.353.50.2174128766074.913.810.33851097330.084866220674.813.720.31793411560.0609606998
85.613.150.471787751-0.105360515784.813.210.3179341156-0.086492031484.663.350.2977468591-0.032308243284.653.510.28410425110.00285306984.723.510.29904583110.00285306984.973.850.35065687160.095310179884.793.810.31376744290.0848662206
95.593.120.4682163187-0.114929966794.783.050.311677578-0.137621377994.753.340.316876029-0.035297782194.533.490.257958971-0.002861232394.353.590.21741287660.02538923495.013.720.35867294660.060960699894.93.750.33647223660.0689928715
105.713.080.4894560552-0.1278333715104.723.080.2990458311-0.1278333715104.623.350.289126116-0.0323082432104.693.50.292669614010105.13.810.37647757120.084866220610
4.833.360.3335778786-0.0293276151
4.813.360.329428495-0.0293276151
0.313752687
0.2705469971
0.2031225721
0.190083
0.1808988826
0.1438065922
0.9 mm1.2 mm
80-0.1376213779-0.1170370453
100-0.1181402423-0.071127344
120-0.0718872295-0.033387016
14000
1600.06096069980.0877507486
1800.12095261040.1301974388
2000.16551443850.1732717213
0.91.2
Shear StrainDepth of CupShear StrainDepth of Cup
0.31375268746.710.340984515246.45
0.270546997142.980.29389098442.77
0.203122572141.070.252160059741.12
0.19008337.470.230816082440.61
0.180898882634.790.212472214540.5
0.143806592234.750.210752839238.32
0.9 mm1.2 mmStrain Ratio at necked region0.9 mm1.2 mm
80-0.1376213779-0.117037045380-3.6277254385-0.2756548192-0.2077719067
100-0.1181402423-0.071127344100-3.643178076-0.2744856219-0.1274546512
120-0.0718872295-0.033387016120-5.0657300947-0.1974049113-0.0736906324
1400014000
1600.06096069980.08775074861600.12396702740.0937945256
1800.12095261040.13019743881800.25223227990.1961328692
2000.16551443850.17327172132000.37465486410.3250841384
Sheet1
00
00
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00
00
00
00
IF Steel of thickness 0.9 mm
IF Steel of thickness 1.2 mm
Blank Width in mm
Limiting Minor Strain at Fracture
Blank Width Vs Limiting Minor Strain
Sheet2
00
00
00
00
00
00
IF steel of 0.9 mm thickness
IF Steel of 1.2 mm thickness
Shear Strain obtained from Mohr's circle radius
Depth of cup
Shear Strain Vs Depth of Cup
Sheet3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
IF steel of 0.9 mm thickness
IF steel of 1.2 mm thickness
Blank width in mm
Strain Ratio
Variation of strain ratio at necked region
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0
0
Necking-Blank Width 80mm
Fracture-Blank Width 80 mm
Safe-Blank Width 80 mm
Necking-Blank Width 100 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 100mm
Safe-Blank Width 100mm
Necking-Blank Width 120mm
Fracture-Blank Width 120mm
Safe-Blank Width 120 mm
Necking-Blank Width 140 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 140 mm
Safe-Blank Width 140 mm
Necking-Blank width 160 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 160mm
Safe-Blank width 160 mm
Necking-Blank Width 180mm
Fracture-Blank Width 180mm
Safe-Blank Width 180 mm
Necking-Blank Width 200mm
Fracture-Blank Width 200 mm
Safe-Blank Width 200mm
Minor Strain
Major Strain
Figure 2 - FLD for IF Steel of Thickness 0.9 mm
NeckingFractureSafe
0.4964368863-0.1149299667-0.11492996670.49643688630.3784364357-0.1149299667-0.11492996670.3784364357
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Necking
Fracture
Safe
Minor Strain
Major Strain
Fld for IF steel of thickness 0.9 mm
-
FLD for IF Steel sheet with 1.2 mm thickness
Chart1
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0.4777398992
Necking-Blank Width 80mm
Fracture-Blank Width 80 mm
Safe-Blank Width 80 mm
Necking-Blank Width 100 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 100mm
Safe-Blank Width 100mm
Necking-Blank Width 120mm
Fracture-Blank Width 120mm
Safe-Blank Width 120 mm
Necking-Blank Width 140 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 140 mm
Safe-Blank Width 140 mm
Necking-Blank width 160 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 160mm
Safe-Blank width 160 mm
Necking-Blank Width 180mm
Fracture-Blank Width 180mm
Safe-Blank Width 180 mm
Necking-Blank Width 200mm
Fracture-Blank Width 200 mm
Safe-Blank Width 200mm
Minor Strain
Major Strain
Sheet1
IF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mm
Blank size=300 x 80Blank size=300 x 100Blank size=300 x 120Blank size=300 x 140Blank size=300 x 160Blank size=300 x 180Blank size=300 x 200
original grid size= 3.35mmoriginal grid size= 3.35mmoriginal grid size= 3.35mmoriginal grid size= 3.38mmoriginal grid size= 3.38mmoriginal grid size= 3.38mmoriginal grid size= 3.33mm
NeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor Strain
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Fracture6.053.050.5910979262-0.09381875520.3424583407FractureFractureFractureFractureFractureFracture
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25.913.110.5676854856-0.07433761960.321011552625.733.120.5367551849-0.0711273440.303941264526.183.280.6123579256-0.02111692340.316737424525.73.350.5225904653-0.00891536370.265752914525.93.470.55707664140.02627888450.265398878525.874.050.55197892430.18084117160.185568876425.893.820.57028369370.13727811860.2165027875-0.071127344
35.892.980.5642956518-0.11703704530.340666348635.633.070.5191490963-0.08728278420.303215940335.913.240.5676854856-0.0333870160.300536250835.783.390.53652797320.00295421190.266786880635.823.590.54342455220.0602764930.241574029635.953.740.56551551010.10120990190.232152804135.683.790.53397892870.12939371510.2022926068-0.033387016
46.123.050.6026017507-0.09381875520.34821025345.693.120.5297499023-0.0711273440.300438623245.863.250.5591892578-0.03030534950.294747303645.573.380.499519344400.249759672245.253.620.44035236710.06859831630.185877025445.953.730.56551551010.09853252420.23349149346.013.790.59045244460.12939371510.23052936470
55.993.010.5811310663-0.10702026710.3440756667555.543.210.5030341549-0.04268940870.272861781855.833.370.5451412909-0.00296296510.27405212855.483.550.48322939150.0490718940.217078748756.163.850.60020106810.13019743880.235001814655.513.960.50359231920.17327172130.16516029890.0877507486
65.953.040.5744308737-0.09710283040.33576685216Average0.306446726765.853.250.5574813154-0.03030534950.293893332565.733.380.527839821200.263919910665.93.570.55707664140.05468988630.251193377665.84.180.53998220810.2124355370.163773335565.873.820.56688232980.13727811860.21480210560.1301974388
76.053.120.5910979262-0.0711273440.3311126351775.813.20.550620225-0.0458095360.298214880575.633.350.5102337327-0.00891536370.259574548276.043.510.58052830250.0377403280.271393987276.074.150.58548289560.20523262470.190125135476.053.980.59708596810.17830951530.20938822640.1732717213
86.122.970.6026017507-0.1203983930.36150007198885.573.380.499519344400.249759672285.833.690.54514129090.08775074860.228695271286.564.20.66311489350.21720881580.222953038886.123.790.60858979250.12939371510.2395980387
99995.333.350.4554755287-0.00891536370.232195446295.563.670.49772239880.08231595260.2077032231996.033.770.59377470670.12410269750.2348360046
101010Average0.29389098410105.493.630.4850525460.07135693880.206847803610Average0.212472214510
11average0.3409845152111111Average0.2521600597115.833.520.54514129090.04058528010.25227800541111Average0.2107528392
12121212125.453.570.47773989920.05468988630.21152500641212
13131313131313
1414141414Average0.23081608241414
15151515151515
SafeSafeSafeSafeSafeSafeSafe
15.153.210.4300363688-0.042689408714.983.220.3964695452-0.039578986315.23.230.4396982798-0.036478208614.983.420.38755418150.011764841614.523.520.29063628430.040585280114.823.690.35489821860.087750748614.653.810.33389491560.1346568851
25.233.150.4454509322-0.06155789325.213.250.4416195099-0.030305349524.833.290.3658861218-0.018072781124.783.330.346564837-0.014903405524.783.490.3465648370.032026026724.813.750.35282137460.103880130524.693.750.34246027850.118783536
35.453.050.4866552628-0.093818755234.863.180.3720780921-0.05207914934.893.310.3782319576-0.012012156434.853.380.3611029955034.733.610.3360494930.065832062834.623.650.31251899560.076851458134.293.720.25331442890.1107513643
44.953.230.3904272307-0.036478208644.993.190.3984755639-0.04893942944.913.290.382313596-0.018072781144.823.380.3548982186044.693.620.3275568730.068598316344.713.550.33181219850.04907189444.433.520.28542728010.0554886856
55.093.180.4183174847-0.05207914954.753.240.3491842722-0.03338701655.123.30.4241940932-0.015037877454.413.330.26599898-0.014903405554.233.510.22432628360.03774032854.653.580.31899151010.057487090954.423.490.28316739210.0469294322
64.983.210.3964695452-0.0426894087664.753.30.3491842722-0.015037877464.623.350.3125189956-0.008915363764.353.420.25230013560.011764841664.354.010.25230013560.170915531864.453.620.28993179220.0835017218
74.913.230.382313596-0.0364782086774.823.290.3638135822-0.018072781174.523.320.2906362843-0.0179109266774.723.990.33393309010.165915521474.353.710.26720354110.1080595726
85.013.190.4024755693-0.048939429884.723.280.3428484538-0.02111692348884.673.950.32328336220.155839869484.393.530.27635692310.058325567
95.553.120.5048375819-0.071127344994.413.290.2749143436-0.01807278119994.893.850.3693165940.130197438894.353.740.26720354110.1161133074
105.413.150.479288747-0.06155789310101010104.454.020.27502838670.1734061931104.413.530.28090238550.058325567
11111111111111
12121212121212
13131313131313
14141414141414
15151515151515
1.2 mm0.9 mm
shear strainvoid size
800.34098451522.9316330.3137526872.989287
1200.2938909842.6479590.27054699712.339286
1400.25216005972.3163270.20312257212
1600.23081608242.1377550.1900831.883929
1800.21247221451.7561220.18089888261.642857
2000.21075283921.3538210.14380659221.2857
Depth of the cup
0.9 mm1.2 mm
8046.7146.45
10036.6248.05
12042.9842.77
14041.0741.12
16037.4740.61
18034.7940.5
20034.7538.32
Sheet1
00
00
00
00
00
00
IF steel of 0.9 mm thickness
IF steel of thickness 1.2 mm
Shear Strain obtained from Mohr's Circle Radius
Average diameter of voids in m m
Shear Strain Vs Average Void Size
Sheet2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
IF Steel of 0.9 mm thickness
IF Steel of 1.2 mm thickness
Width of the Blank in mm
Depth of the Cup in mm
Blank Width Vs Depth of Cup
Sheet3
000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
0000000000000000000
000000000000000000
000000000000000
00000000000000
000000
0
0
Necking-Blank Width 80mm
Fracture-Blank Width 80 mm
Safe-Blank Width 80 mm
Necking-Blank Width 100 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 100mm
Safe-Blank Width 100mm
Necking-Blank Width 120mm
Fracture-Blank Width 120mm
Safe-Blank Width 120 mm
Necking-Blank Width 140 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 140 mm
Safe-Blank Width 140 mm
Necking-Blank width 160 mm
Fracture-Blank Width 160mm
Safe-Blank width 160 mm
Necking-Blank Width 180mm
Fracture-Blank Width 180mm
Safe-Blank Width 180 mm
Necking-Blank Width 200mm
Fracture-Blank Width 200 mm
Safe-Blank Width 200mm
Minor Strain
Major Strain
NeckingFractureSafe
Major Strainminor strain0.5910979262-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.59109792620.4300363688-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.4300363688
0.550620225-0.1271551755-0.12715517550.5506202250.5744308737-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.57443087370.4454509322-0.061557893-0.0615578930.4454509322
0.5574813154-0.1070202671-0.10702026710.55748131540.5676854856-0.0743376196-0.07433761960.56768548560.4866552628-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.4866552628
0.5540566545-0.0905454299-0.09054542990.55405665450.5642956518-0.1170370453-0.11703704530.56429565180.3904272307-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.3904272307
0.5048375819-0.0807892549-0.08078925490.50483758190.6026017507-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.60260175070.4183174847-0.052079149-0.0520791490.4183174847
0.5332586778-0.0775582343-0.07755823430.53325867780.5811310663-0.1070202671-0.10702026710.58113106630.3964695452-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.3964695452
0.540239509-0.120398393-0.1203983930.5402395090.5744308737-0.0971028304-0.09710283040.57443087370.382313596-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.382313596
0.5471719457-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.54717194570.5910979262-0.071127344-0.0711273440.59109792620.4024755693-0.048939429-0.0489394290.4024755693
0.5367551849-0.1037035145-0.10370351450.53675518490.6026017507-0.120398393-0.1203983930.60260175070.5048375819-0.071127344-0.0711273440.5048375819
0.5350084596-0.120398393-0.1203983930.53500845960.5226951993-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.52269519930.479288747-0.061557893-0.0615578930.479288747
0.5367551849-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.53675518490.5367551849-0.071127344-0.0711273440.53675518490.3964695452-0.0395789863-0.03957898630.3964695452
0.4829787881-0.061557893-0.0615578930.48297878810.5191490963-0.0872827842-0.08728278420.51914909630.4416195099-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.4416195099
0.4921447551-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.49214475510.5297499023-0.071127344-0.0711273440.52974990230.3720780921-0.052079149-0.0520791490.3720780921
0.5102284306-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.51022843060.5332586778-0.0272331505-0.02723315050.53325867780.3984755639-0.048939429-0.0489394290.3984755639
0.4681362151-0.1373767296-0.13737672960.46813621510.6123579256-0.0211169234-0.02111692340.61235792560.3491842722-0.033387016-0.0333870160.3491842722
0.4939679097-0.1037035145-0.10370351450.49396790970.5676854856-0.033387016-0.0333870160.56768548560.4396982798-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.4396982798
0.4737280283-0.071127344-0.0711273440.47372802830.5591892578-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.55918925780.3658861218-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.3658861218
0.4549657519-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.45496575190.5030341549-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.50303415490.3782319576-0.0120121564-0.01201215640.3782319576
0.4416195099-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.44161950990.5574813154-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.55748131540.382313596-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.382313596
0.4454509322-0.0241703609-0.02417036090.44545093220.550620225-0.045809536-0.0458095360.5506202250.4241940932-0.0150378774-0.01503787740.4241940932
0.479288747-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.4792887470.4152787296000.41527872960.3491842722-0.0150378774-0.01503787740.3491842722
0.4300363688-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.43003636880.5225904653-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.52259046530.3638135822-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.3638135822
0.4530700167-0.033387016-0.0333870160.45307001670.53652797320.00295421190.00295421190.53652797320.3428484538-0.0211169234-0.02111692340.3428484538
0.4300363688-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.43003636880.4995193444000.49951934440.2749143436-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.2749143436
0.4454509322-0.0395789863-0.03957898630.44545093220.5451412909-0.0029629651-0.00296296510.54514129090.38755418150.01176484160.01176484160.3875541815
0.4377733513-0.045809536-0.0458095360.43777335130.5278398212000.52783982120.346564837-0.0149034055-0.01490340550.346564837
0.4435370561-0.033387016-0.0333870160.44353705610.5102337327-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.51023373270.3611029955000.3611029955
0.4172299497-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.41722994970.4995193444000.49951934440.3548982186000.3548982186
0.4015125338000.40151253380.4554755287-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.45547552870.26599898-0.0149034055-0.01490340550.26599898
0.4074355521-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.40743555210.4722201060.01176484160.01176484160.4722201060.3125189956-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.3125189956
0.3875541815000.38755418150.55707664140.02627888450.02627888450.55707664140.2906362843-0.0179109266-0.01791092660.2906362843
0.40546510810.00883658180.00883658180.40546510810.54342455220.0602764930.0602764930.54342455220.29063628430.04058528010.04058528010.2906362843
0.3875541815-0.0149034055-0.01490340550.38755418150.44035236710.06859831630.06859831630.44035236710.3465648370.03202602670.03202602670.346564837
0.4094021211000.40940212110.48322939150.0490718940.0490718940.48322939150.3360494930.06583206280.06583206280.336049493
0.3774632786000.37746327860.55707664140.05468988630.05468988630.55707664140.3275568730.06859831630.06859831630.327556873
0.3935602056-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.39356020560.58052830250.0377403280.0377403280.58052830250.22432628360.0377403280.0377403280.2243262836
0.43270414630.04058528010.04058528010.43270414630.54514129090.08775074860.08775074860.54514129090.25230013560.01176484160.01176484160.2523001356
0.44035236710.02915658430.02915658430.44035236710.49772239880.08231595260.08231595260.49772239880.35489821860.08775074860.08775074860.3548982186
0.42692934680.03202602670.03202602670.42692934680.4850525460.07135693880.07135693880.4850525460.35282137460.10388013050.10388013050.3528213746
0.43270414630.01176484160.01176484160.43270414630.54514129090.04058528010.04058528010.54514129090.31251899560.07685145810.07685145810.3125189956
0.42112100520.02049852150.02049852150.42112100520.47773989920.05468988630.05468988630.47773989920.33181219850.0490718940.0490718940.3318121985
0.419177370.00589972210.00589972210.419177370.55027389410.07685145810.07685145810.55027389410.31899151010.05748709090.05748709090.3189915101
0.44794253640.03202602670.03202602670.44794253640.55197892430.18084117160.18084117160.55197892430.25230013560.17091553180.17091553180.2523001356
0.45171612580.0348872590.0348872590.45171612580.56551551010.10120990190.10120990190.56551551010.33393309010.16591552140.16591552140.3339330901
0.44415465310.0377403280.0377403280.44415465310.56551551010.09853252420.09853252420.56551551010.32328336220.15583986940.15583986940.3232833622
0.49592221830.09045711020.09045711020.49592221830.60020106810.13019743880.13019743880.60020106810.3693165940.13019743880.13019743880.369316594
0.45922085140.08775074860.08775074860.45922085140.53998220810.2124355370.2124355370.53998220810.27502838670.17340619310.17340619310.2750283867
0.47773989920.09315616710.09315616710.47773989920.58548289560.20523262470.20523262470.58548289560.33389491560.13465688510.13465688510.3338949156
0.4722201060.07410797220.07410797220.4722201060.66311489350.21720881580.21720881580.66311489350.34246027850.1187835360.1187835360.3424602785
0.46852324410.07685145810.07685145810.46852324410.53045158820.16311934980.16311934980.53045158820.25331442890.11075136430.11075136430.2533144289
0.51377983570.07410797220.07410797220.51377983570.57028369370.13727811860.13727811860.57028369370.28542728010.05548868560.05548868560.2854272801
0.52259046530.08775074860.08775074860.52259046530.53397892870.12939371510.12939371510.53397892870.28316739210.04692943220.04692943220.2831673921
0.47406342450.09045711020.09045711020.47406342450.59045244460.12939371510.12939371510.59045244460.28993179220.08350172180.08350172180.2899317922
0.50845595440.09315616710.09315616710.50845595440.50359231920.17327172130.17327172130.50359231920.26720354110.10805957260.10805957260.2672035411
0.48868891370.09584795880.09584795880.48868891370.56688232980.13727811860.13727811860.56688232980.27635692310.0583255670.0583255670.2763569231
0.46661953130.13465688510.13465688510.46661953130.59708596810.17830951530.17830951530.59708596810.26720354110.11611330740.11611330740.2672035411
0.47785560450.15286284960.15286284960.47785560450.60858979250.12939371510.12939371510.60858979250.28090238550.0583255670.0583255670.2809023855
0.52868324120.16820841930.16820841930.52868324120.59377470670.12410269750.12410269750.5937747067
0.51442274990.13989249920.13989249920.5144227499
0.49264330470.14510084430.14510084430.4926433047
0.4981327970.1502822030.1502822030.498132797
0.52335935990.15543685360.15543685360.5233593599
0.48712351150.15800424910.15800424910.4871235115
0.50177578820.16311934980.16311934980.5017757882
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
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000
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000
000
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000
000
000
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000
000
000
000
000
000
000
00
0
0
0
0
0
Necking
Fracture
Safe
Minor strain
Major strain
FLD for IF Steel of thickness 1.2 mm
-
FLD for IF Steel sheet with 1.6 mm thickness
-
FLD for SPFC 440(Micro Alloyed) steel 1.2 mm thickness Fracture curveSafe zoneNecked
-
FLD for Carbon-Manganese steel 1.4 mm thicknessFracture curveNecked
-
FLD for Extra Gal steel 0.72 mm thickness
Chart4
0.31424909980.53153281920.30521969310.47957308030.16681737030.43875108570.48527110140.31424909980.38159267190.0362577480.04217492510.03328597760.03922071320.08829260710.12425775580.2274419921
0.36464311360.53153281920.24445333790.47957308030.36464311360.45058554340.43676498780.30294954460.48716324950.06261359270.03030534950.01526747210.05098555470.09670780410.11880815110.4044389408
0.35821222330.49844156460.31424909980.51879379340.29152084880.43078291610.47192485940.32319770540.24445333790.06837729740.0480572950.07696104110.07696104110.05098555470.13237688030.2564295289
0.27996002640.45058554340.36890751240.56181117850.35821222330.38159267190.52609309590.31199938010.34957286070.07696104110.04217492510.09110554850.07124673990.08547173080.17201218710.2588076514
0.35173970880.42073258020.36677758610.60641548470.33647223660.4427114870.45058554340.27996002640.46421769220.0568164750.04217492510.03030534950.02731581060.09949720620.08829260710.2915208488
0.35821222330.40443894080.32542240040.50959409650.27529801330.42878091340.48147603040.33866762720.50774395720.07980599330.03030534950.02130978660.15897419280.06837729740.05098555470.3710329117
0.38996092160.4928183070.35821222330.60976557160.24204079150.43875108570.39204208780.25880765140.39825972440.04217492510.05390526480.02731581060.0362577480.06549959760.18743665750.3667775861
0.40649022350.52609309590.32542240040.51144081910.26354699670.51696061230.42476484380.36250407530.38369130860.03922071320.08264287460.05971923470.0568164750.09391059940.14043061510.3961914713
0.28460040590.58607580050.30294954460.58949460720.27061416390.4776665020.53514293140.26826398660.39204208780.03328597760.09949720620.05971923470.06549959760.06837729740.16159542630.3878754151
0.34740130720.4776665020.30294954460.53514293140.34085820860.51328413760.26826398660.37527020620.04217492510.05390526480.05390526480.09949720620.11880815110.1050527760.3298569975
140 NECK
140 FRACT
160 NECK
160 FRACT
180 NECK
180 FRACT
200 FRACT
220 NECK
220 FRACT
120 SAFE
140 SAFE
160 SAFE
180 SAFE
200 SAFE
220 SAFE
200 NECK
Minor Strain
Major Strain
FLD - (Extra Gal. High Strength IF)
Sheet1
W=120mm t=0.72mm Safe Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.372.940.036257748-0.100245415
23.462.850.0626135927-0.1313360021
33.482.730.0683772974-0.1743533871
43.512.910.0769610411-0.1105019152
53.442.760.056816475-0.1634243166
63.522.950.0798059933-0.096849826
73.393.020.0421749251-0.073398165
83.382.910.0392207132-0.1105019152
93.362.920.0332859776-0.1070713801
103.393.080.0421749251-0.0537253994
W=140mm t=0.72mm Safe Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.393.240.0421749251-0.0030816665
23.353.260.03030534950.003072199
33.413.250.0480572950
43.393.270.04217492510.0061349886
53.393.30.04217492510.0152674721
63.353.290.03030534950.0122325684
73.433.260.05390526480.003072199
83.533.220.0826428746-0.0092736368
93.593.250.09949720620
103.433.120.0539052648-0.0408219945
W=140mm t=0.72mm Neck Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
14.453.10.3142490998-0.0472528849
24.683.190.3646431136-0.0186340795
34.653.150.3582122233-0.0312525435
44.32.980.2799600264-0.0867316958
54.622.790.3517397088-0.1526134005
64.652.830.3582122233-0.1383782847
74.82.910.3899609216-0.1105019152
84.882.660.4064902235-0.2003288735
94.323.050.2846004059-0.0635134057
104.62.70.3474013072-0.1854032233
W=140mm t=0.72mm Fract Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
15.532.950.5315328192-0.096849826
25.533.10.5315328192-0.0472528849
35.353.10.4984415646-0.0472528849
45.13.150.4505855434-0.0312525435
54.953.30.42073258020.0152674721
64.873.10.4044389408-0.0472528849
75.322.860.492818307-0.1278333715
85.53.160.5260930959-0.0280829687
95.843.070.5860758005-0.0569774347
105.243.10.477666502-0.0472528849
W=160mm t=0.72mm Safe Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.363.270.03328597760.0061349886
23.33.290.01526747210.0122325684
33.513.30.07696104110.0152674721
43.563.150.0911055485-0.0312525435
53.353.080.0303053495-0.0537253994
63.323.090.0213097866-0.0504839054
73.343.120.0273158106-0.0408219945
83.453.160.0597192347-0.0280829687
93.453.250.05971923470
103.433.260.05390526480.003072199
W=160mm t=0.72mm Neck Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
14.413.60.30521969310.1022788491
24.153.380.24445333790.0392207132
34.453.650.31424909980.1160721713
44.73.830.36890751240.1642098069
54.693.50.36677758610.0741079722
64.53.650.32542240040.1160721713
74.653.90.35821222330.1823215568
84.53.830.32542240040.1642098069
94.43.330.30294954460.0243173077
104.43.350.30294954460.0303053495
W=160mm t=0.72mm Fract Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
15.252.470.4795730803-0.2744368457
25.252.370.4795730803-0.3157650412
35.462.850.5187937934-0.1313360021
45.72.480.5618111785-0.2703964362
55.962.80.6064154847-0.1490355792
65.412.010.5095940965-0.4805202743
75.982.990.6097655716-0.0833816089
85.422.80.5114408191-0.1490355792
95.862.950.5894946072-0.096849826
105.552.20.5351429314-0.390197636
W=180mm t=0.72mm Safe Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.383.280.03922071320.0091884261
23.423.240.0509855547-0.0030816665
33.513.340.07696104110.0273158106
43.493.290.07124673990.0122325684
53.343.280.02731581060.0091884261
63.813.580.15897419280.0967078041
73.373.160.036257748-0.0280829687
83.443.220.056816475-0.0092736368
93.473.030.0654995976-0.0700923768
103.593.270.09949720620.0061349886
W=180mm t=0.72mm Neck Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.843.720.16681737030.1350686719
24.683.560.36464311360.0911055485
34.353.760.29152084880.1457639611
44.653.470.35821222330.0654995976
54.553.60.33647223660.1022788491
64.283.750.27529801330.1431008436
74.143.50.24204079150.0741079722
84.233.990.26354699670.2051362346
94.263.670.27061416390.1215366657
104.573.760.34085820860.1457639611
W=180mm t=0.72mm Fract Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
15.043.010.4387510857-0.0767149176
25.130.4505855434-0.0800427077
353.260.43078291610.003072199
44.763.20.3815926719-0.0155041865
55.063.540.4427114870.0854717308
64.993.150.4287809134-0.0312525435
75.043.370.43875108570.036257748
85.453.620.51696061230.1078190295
95.243.030.477666502-0.0700923768
105.433.110.5132841376-0.0440322702
W=200mm t=0.72mm Safe Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.553.320.08829260710.0213097866
23.583.420.09670780410.0509855547
33.423.290.05098555470.0122325684
43.543.430.08547173080.0539052648
53.593.370.09949720620.036257748
63.483.260.06837729740.003072199
73.473.320.06549959760.0213097866
83.573.420.09391059940.0509855547
93.483.260.06837729740.003072199
103.663.290.11880815110.0122325684
W=200mm t=0.72mm Neck Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
14.083.370.22744199210.036257748
24.873.310.40443894080.018293193
34.23.430.25642952890.0539052648
44.213.490.25880765140.0712467399
54.353.480.29152084880.0683772974
64.713.290.37103291170.0122325684
74.693.510.36677758610.0769610411
84.833.650.39619147130.1160721713
94.793.760.38787541510.1457639611
104.523.360.32985699750.0332859776
W=200mm t=0.72mm Fract Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
15.283.320.48527110140.0213097866
25.033.440.43676498780.056816475
35.213.50.47192485940.0741079722
45.53.30.52609309590.0152674721
55.13.330.45058554340.0243173077
65.263.280.48147603040.0091884261
74.812.040.3920420878-0.4657051885
84.973.320.42476484380.0213097866
95.553.120.5351429314-0.0408219945
W=220mm t=0.72mm Safe Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
13.683.430.12425775580.0539052648
23.663.410.11880815110.048057295
33.713.450.13237688030.0597192347
43.863.630.17201218710.1105776519
53.553.410.08829260710.048057295
63.423.220.0509855547-0.0092736368
73.923.440.18743665750.056816475
83.743.530.14043061510.0826428746
93.823.640.16159542630.1133286853
103.613.450.1050527760.0597192347
W=220mm t=0.72mm Neck Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
14.453.970.31424909980.2001110984
24.43.990.30294954460.2051362346
34.493.650.32319770540.1160721713
44.443.560.31199938010.0911055485
54.33.750.27996002640.1431008436
64.563.630.33866762720.1105776519
74.213.530.25880765140.0826428746
84.673.860.36250407530.1720121871
94.253.70.26826398660.1296778233
104.253.630.26826398660.1105776519
W=220mm t=0.72mm Fract Region
Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain
14.763.410.38159267190.048057295
25.293.330.48716324950.0243173077
34.153.410.24445333790.048057295
44.613.320.34957286070.0213097866
55.173.330.46421769220.0243173077
65.43.640.50774395720.1133286853
74.843.570.39825972440.0939105994
84.773.660.38369130860.1188081511
94.813.580.39204208780.0967078041
104.733.50.37527020620.0741079722
Sheet1
140 NECK
140 FRACT
160 NECK
160 FRACT
180 NECK
180 FRACT
200 FRACT
220 NECK
220 FRACT
120 SAFE
140 SAFE
160 SAFE
180 SAFE
200 SAFE
220 SAFE
200 NECK
Minor Strain
Major Strain
FLD - (Extra Gal. High Strength IF)
Sheet2
140 NECK
140 FRACT
160 NECK
160 FRACT
180 NECK
180 FRACT
200 FRACT
220 NECK
220 FRACT
120 SAFE
140 SAFE
160 SAFE
180 SAFE
200 SAFE
220 SAFE
200 NECK
Minor Strain
Major Strain
FLD - (Extra Gal. High Strength IF)
Sheet3
-
FLD for SPRC-35 Steel-0.72 mm Thickness
-
FLD for SPRC-35 Steel-1.0 mm thickness
-
FLD for SPRC-35 Steel-1.2 mm thickness
-
Limiting Major strain
Strain Path/ Strain RatioLimiting Major StrainT-T0.6 mm0.9 mm1.2 mm1.6 mm1 /0.3741.54352.552.52 / 0.283434355.553.53 / 0.17639405249Plane4 / 031323635T-C5 / -0.093333639406 / -0.16364044477/ -0.23342476070
-
Longitudinal Strain Distribution ProfilesI.F.Steel Sheet 0.6 mm thickness
-
I.F Steel Sheet 0.6 mm thickness
Chart2
7.8524763112-11.0066406695
21.6927085971-8.8292607146
34.0488306276-9.7566243931
56.4032578894-12.2724803567
40.2644231767-10.0676666345
30.9967117241-6.9999414098
24.1564390357-5.798725765
22.145198057-4.3172171865
17.0515044207-4.3172171865
17.9971379449-3.7307052413
17.0515044207-2.8573372444
15.61607307551.952642235
10.67679754264.6776064798
9.40289496481.6760168857
12.92970884860
16.0968432323-1.133156601
17.0515044207-1.7045867273
17.2887524561-2.8573372444
22.5956492691-5.798725765
24.8179629476-7.606003871
38.746367459-10.6926686691
53.8057092491-11.3216015598
30.7898864177-10.0676666345
18.9339129453-9.4465466253
7.0681585651-11.3216015598
Major Strain
Minor Strain
Distance from the pole in mm
Stain in %
Blank Width - 80 mm
Sheet1
Strain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution Profiles
IF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm Thickness
Blank width = 80mmBlank width = 100mmBlank width = 120mmBlank width = 140mmBlank width = 160mmBlank width = 180mmBlank width = 200mm
Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal Direction
Distance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness Strain
-700.5616.7208749693-650.48820.6614249363-570.5459.6143860553-550.5656.010392407-560.583.3901551676-500.5459.6143860553-51.50.5656.010392407
-650.5557.796154147-600.46824.8461359298-52.50.5410.5360515658-490.5626.5427805322-520.5646.1875403718-460.50517.2371225941-470.5410.5360515658
-600.5459.6143860553-550.46525.4892249629-47.50.53511.466290832-430.5557.796154147-480.558.701137699-420.48521.2780764279-420.53511.466290832
-550.5410.5360515658-440.43532.1583624127-42.50.4822.3143551314-380.50517.2371225941-43.50.5312.405264867-370.47523.3614851182-370.47523.3614851182
-500.49120.0485527422-380.45527.6632236265-37.50.44529.885537305-320.42534.4840486292-390.50517.2371225941-31.50.41536.8651134985-310.41536.8651134985
-450.43232.8504066972-320.47822.7318922725-320.47822.7318922725-270.47523.3614851182-340.43232.8504066972-26.50.46525.4892249629-260.46525.4892249629
-430.42135.4296821534-270.49519.2371892647-270.50118.0323554131-230.49519.2371892647-290.47822.7318922725-220.518.2321556794-21.50.51515.2762754552
-370.48421.48447485-220.50816.6448207638-21.50.50816.6448207638-170.52513.3531392625-23.50.51814.6954412957-170.51714.8886780708-170.53511.466290832
-31.50.52114.1179613463-17.50.51215.8605030177-17.50.52812.783337151-130.5312.405264867-180.5312.405264867-12.50.52513.3531392625-12.50.5459.6143860553
-26.50.52513.3531392625-130.51814.6954412957-130.53511.466290832-8.50.5410.5360515658-140.53810.9071095054-8.50.54210.1663653776-80.5489.0654368268
-220.54210.1663653776-8.50.5214.3100843641-8.50.54210.1663653776-4.50.558.701137699-90.54210.1663653776-40.5528.3381608939-40.5459.6143860553
-17.50.558.701137699-40.5312.405264867-4.50.5528.338160893900.5675.6570351488-4.50.558.70113769900.558.70113769900.5557.796154147
-130.5489.065436826800.5675.657035148800.5656.0103924074.50.5626.542780532200.5489.065436826840.558.70113769940.5489.0654368268
-80.5557.79615414740.5528.33816089394.50.5557.7961541478.50.5557.7961541474.50.5459.61438605538.50.54210.166365377680.54210.1663653776
-40.5587.25706928358.50.558.7011376998.50.5459.6143860553130.53511.46629083290.52213.926206733412.50.53511.46629083212.50.53711.0931560707
00.5754.2559614419130.53810.9071095054130.52513.3531392625170.52812.783337151140.5214.3100843641170.5214.3100843641170.51714.8886780708
20.5734.604393850117.50.53711.093156070717.50.51515.2762754552230.51814.6954412957180.5116.2518929498220.48521.278076427921.50.49718.833962912
40.5734.6043938501220.5479.248085279421.50.50517.2371225941270.50816.644820763823.50.46226.136476413426.50.42534.4840486292260.48521.2780764279
60.566.8992871487270.51515.2762754552270.48521.2780764279320.4528.7682072452290.39541.804389031531.50.48920.4567165741310.4724.4196960512
80.5587.2570692835320.50217.8329535524320.42534.4840486292380.48521.2780764279340.518.2321556794370.5528.3381608939370.42534.4840486292
100.5489.0654368268380.48221.898554116637.50.49519.2371892647430.52513.3531392625390.52213.9262067334420.566.8992871487420.49519.2371892647
120.5528.3381608939440.45427.883245717542.50.51515.2762754552490.53511.46629083243.50.54110.351037637460.5587.2570692835470.52513.3531392625
140.5469.4310679471550.47223.995066963147.50.5557.796154147550.558.701137699480.5528.338160893900
160.558.701137699600.48720.866553213452.50.5656.010392407610.5557.796154147520.5616.720874969300
180.558.701137699650.51215.860503017700000
200.558.701137699000000
220.52213.9262067334000000
240.52213.9262067334000000
280.5116.2518929498000000
330.48221.8985541166000000
380.42434.7196199984000000
400.41836.1448222691000000
420.4528.7682072452000000
440.47523.3614851182000000
460.518.2321556794000000
480.51515.2762754552000000
500.5410.5360515658000000
520.54210.1663653776000000
540.5557.796154147000000
560.566.8992871487000000
0000000
Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0
IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0
Blank width = 80mm0Blank width = 100mm0Blank width = 120mm0Blank width = 140mm0Blank width = 160mm0Blank width = 180mm0Blank width = 200mm0
0000000
Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0
0000000
Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0
0000000
-320.5852.5317807984-420.5410.5360515658-440.583.3901551676-420.5567.6161360966-380.575.1293294388-510.50517.2371225941-550.5410.5360515658
-280.5724.7790663836-380.5312.405264867-400.52513.3531392625-380.5557.796154147-33.50.558.701137699-450.49519.2371892647-510.52513.3531392625
-240.5724.7790663836-330.53411.6533816256-360.52513.3531392625-340.5410.5360515658-290.5459.6143860553-40.50.47523.3614851182-480.49519.2371892647
-200.5636.3650027076-240.51814.6954412957-320.52513.3531392625-290.5538.1571653694-250.53511.466290832-360.46525.4892249629-420.47523.3614851182
-160.575.1293294388-200.50816.6448207638-280.51515.2762754552-250.5528.3381608939-20.50.5410.5360515658-310.47523.3614851182-370.40539.304258811
-120.575.1293294388-160.5214.3100843641-240.52513.3531392625-20.50.5459.6143860553-160.54210.1663653776-260.49519.2371892647-31.50.40539.304258811
-80.583.3901551676-120.5116.2518929498-200.50816.6448207638-16.50.5479.2480852794-120.5449.798040836-21.50.50517.2371225941-26.50.46525.4892249629
-40.5852.5317807984-80.5214.3100843641-160.51215.8605030177-12.50.558.701137699-80.5459.6143860553-170.51515.2762754552-21.50.48521.2780764279
00.5754.2559614419-40.51515.2762754552-120.52513.3531392625-8.250.5528.3381608939-40.5489.0654368268-130.52513.3531392625-170.50517.2371225941
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80.5656.01039240740.52513.3531392625-40.5410.536051565800.5675.657035148840.5479.2480852794-40.5459.6143860553-8.50.52513.3531392625
120.5557.79615414780.5214.310084364100.5656.01039240740.5626.542780532280.53810.907109505400.558.701137699-40.53511.466290832
160.5656.010392407120.51515.276275455240.52513.35313926258.250.558.701137699120.5459.614386055340.566.899287148700.558.701137699
200.5724.7790663836160.5116.251892949880.52513.353139262512.50.5489.0654368268160.5479.24808527948.50.558.70113769940.5410.5360515658
240.5754.2559614419200.50517.2371225941120.5410.536051565816.50.5459.614386055320.50.5479.2480852794130.5410.53605156588.50.53511.466290832
280.5852.5317807984240.5214.3100843641160.5312.40526486720.50.5459.6143860553250.53711.0931560707170.5312.405264867130.53511.466290832
320.5882.0202707318330.52513.3531392625200.5116.2518929498250.558.701137699290.53711.093156070721.50.52513.3531392625170.52513.3531392625
360.60380.52513.3531392625240.51515.2762754552290.5518.519484606333.50.54210.1663653776260.5116.251892949821.50.50517.2371225941
0420.5410.5360515658280.5410.5360515658340.5528.3381608939380.5528.3381608939310.50517.237122594131.50.46525.4892249629
0460.558.701137699320.53511.466290832380.5557.7961541470360.50217.8329535524370.40539.304258811
00360.5410.5360515658420.5577.4364415289040.50.52513.3531392625420.45527.6632236265
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Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0
IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0
Blank width = 80mm0Blank width = 100mm0Blank width = 120mm0Blank width = 140mm0Blank width = 160mm0Blank width = 180mm0Blank width = 200mm0
0000000
Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal Direction0
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Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0
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-420.5518.5194846063-430.4626.5703165733-520.5882.0202707318-430.5626.5427805322-440.53810.9071095054-460.50517.2371225941-420.50517.2371225941
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-110.5410.5360515658-11.50.4822.3143551314-180.53810.9071095054-130.5489.0654368268-120.5489.0654368268-120.51515.2762754552-120.52513.3531392625
-5.50.5459.6143860553-5.50.49818.6329578191-120.5489.0654368268-60.5587.2570692835-60.558.701137699-5.50.52513.3531392625-5.50.5459.6143860553
00.5754.255961441900.5675.6570351488-60.5528.338160893900.5675.657035148800.5489.065436826800.558.70113769900.5557.796154147
5.50.5528.33816089395.50.49519.237189264700.5656.01039240760.5587.257069283560.53810.90710950545.50.5479.24808527945.50.52812.783337151
110.54210.166365377611.50.4920.252426411160.5528.3381608939130.52812.783337151120.52812.783337151120.5459.6143860553120.52513.3531392625
17.50.54210.166365377613.50.48521.2780764279120.54210.166365377618.50.53810.9071095054180.51814.695441295719.50.5214.310084364118.50.5116.2518929498
230.5459.6143860553220.4822.3143551314180.53511.466290832250.52812.783337151250.49818.6329578191250.4920.2524264111250.50517.2371225941
300.5439.9820335282290.47722.9413164328240.52513.3531392625320.49818.6329578191310.47822.7318922725320.43532.1583624127310.44529.885537305
360.54210.1663653776350.47523.3614851182310.51515.276275455237.50.46824.8461359298380.53212.0286165875400.47523.3614851182350.42534.4840486292
420.5410.5360515658430.46525.4892249629400.50517.2371225941430.52812.783337151440.5626.5427805322460.51515.2762754552420.49519.2371892647
540.54210.1663653776490.45527.6632236265460.53511.466290832490.5685.4808236495500.575.1293294388520.5459.6143860553480.5459.6143860553
650.4528.7682072452540.440.5465108108520.558.701137699540.5783.7355786544
600.49519.2371892647590.575.1293294388600.5882.0202707318
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Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 80 mm
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 100 mm
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 120 mm
Sheet4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 140 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 160 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 180 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 200 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 80 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 100 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 120 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 140 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 160 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 180 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 200 mm
0
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0
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thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width - 80 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width -100 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width -120 mm
0
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0
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
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thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width -140 mm
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width -160 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width -180 mm
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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thickness strain distribution in transvers direction
Distance from the pole in mm
Thickness strain in %
Blank width -200 mm
Strain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution Profiles
IF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm Thickness
Blank width = 80mmBlank width = 100mmBlank width = 120mmBlank width = 140mmBlank width = 160mmBlank width = 180mmBlank width = 200mm
Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal Direction
Distance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness Strain
-621.37515.1549898127-621.26523.4931507066-561.4211.9346757633-501.459.8440072813-501.44510.1894307681-481.4311.2329184974-491.320.7639364778
-561.27522.7057450635-561.2623.8891908282-511.36515.8849200609-451.39513.7109213972-451.413.3531392625-441.3914.0699882103-431.20528.3524062303
-501.07539.7682967666-511.25524.2868056662-461.320.7639364778-401.3417.7334015283-401.3516.9899036795-401.320.7639364778-391.0245.020100195
-44.51.28521.9244910899-451.24525.0868099329-411.0938.3825933005-351.137.4693449441-351.18530.0260854659-361.1334.7785996521-350.9453.1879032964
-381.31519.6166963616-391.25524.2868056662-361.0938.3825933005-330.9453.1879032964-32.50.89558.0935189953-330.957.5364144904-310.8563.2522558744
-331.3914.0699882103-331.3119.9976492033-331.25524.2868056662-271.1433.8975366839-281.23625.812327021-271.17530.873548165-261.12535.2220593589
-281.40512.996632646-281.33518.1072337394-281.28521.9244910899-221.2822.3143551314-231.28521.9244910899-221.24525.0868099329-221.24525.0868099329
-231.42511.5831815525-231.37515.1549898127-231.3516.9899036795-17.51.33518.1072337394-181.35516.6202174914-17.51.33518.1072337394-171.35516.6202174914
-181.459.8440072813-181.4112.6413924856-181.3914.0699882103-131.3715.5192889406-13.51.3715.5192889406-131.36515.8849200609-131.38514.4303489606
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