drones - tribgroup tamurotorlab.tamu.edu/me489/lectures_fa11/theramrod on drones.pdfuav drones team...
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UAV Drones Team RamRod:
Tyler BarryJames Bohn
Daniel RamirezHari ShresthaArlo Swanson
Garret Wilbanks
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O tliOutline
I d iIntroduction
History
Technology and ApplicationsCurrentFFuture
Economics and Marketability
Conclusion
http://dronewarsuk.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/predator-firing-missile4.jpg
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Th E i t A ti lThe Economist Article“Joining the Drone Club”
• Definition
• Domestic / International
• Small, cheap, portable for soldiers• Smaller = faster deployment, mission
• Versatile and interactive
• Small attacks
http://www.economist.com/node/21526053
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VidVideos
S ll S l UAVSmall Scale UAV
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_r6yBJnhgz8
Large Scale UAVg S U
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjcNXfCDRIc
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History of Drones Perley’s Aerial Bomber, 1863•Ineffective
y
Ineffective•Dangerous•An early attemptEddy’s Surveillance Kite Eddy s Surveillance Kite, 1898•Based off of Douglas Archibald’s kite of 1883Archibald s kite of 1883•Camera’s shutter attached to a string•Provided information to Provided information to American forces about enemy troops and fortifications
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_01.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_02.html
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History of DronesHistory of DronesDH.82B Queen Bee, 1935 – 1947
Radio-controlled
Could fly up to 17,000 feet at over 100 MPH for 300 miles
First returnable and reusable UAV
PB4Y-1, 1944
Converted PB4Y-1 Liberator
Radio-controlled and TV-guided
Designed to take out V-1’sDangerous, but successfulFirst time UAV’s were used against other UAV’s
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_05.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_08.html
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History of DronesHistory of DronesAQM-34 Ryan Firebee, 1964-1975
Air-launched and controlled from a host airplanehost airplane
34,000 recon missions performed over SouthEast Asia
Reliable: 83% used in the Vietnam War were reused multiple times
Pioneer, 1980’s
USA acquired 20 from Israel; first modern UAV in their fleet
Designed to take off from carriers or Designed to take off from carriers or crude runways
Provided recon on mobile high-priority targets
http://science.howstuffworks.com/reaper1.htmhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_09.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_14.html
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Small UAVsAdvantages vs. Disadvantages
T i i iTraining time
Flight time
Range
WeaponsWeapons
Cost
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raven_UAV.jpg
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AeroVironment RQ-11 RavenAeroVironment RQ-11 RavenSpecifications:
Wingspan: 55in
Length: 36in
Weight: 4.2lbs
Engine: Aveox 27/26/7-AV electric motorEngine: Aveox 27/26/7 AV electric motor
Speed: 28-60mph
R 6 2 iRange: 6.2mi
Endurance: 60-90 min
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ‐11_Ravenhttp://states.ng.mil/sites/MA/News/Pages/Military%20Police%20Take%20to%20the%20Skies.aspxhttp://www.avinc.com/uas/adc/raven/
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Current UsesCurrent Uses
A i l I lliAerial Intelligence
Surveillance
Target acquisition
ReconnaissanceReconnaissance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RQ‐11_Raven_2.jpghttp://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/raven.htm
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Large DronesLarge Drones
RQ-1, MQ-1 and MQ-9, Manufactured by General Atomics yAeronautical Systems (Specially for military actions)
RQ-4 Global Hawk , Firebird Manufactured by Northrop Grumman (Specially for Surveillance)
Credit: Northrop Grumman Credit: Northrop Grumman
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UAV Communication
A ’ d k 1 2 d h An operator’s command takes 1.2 seconds to reach the drone via a satellite link
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How Does
the the UAV
work?
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MQ-1 MQ-91. Rotax 914F turbocharged f li d i 115
1. Honeywell TP331-10 t b i 950 SHP four-cylinder engine, 115
hp (86 kW)turboprop engine, 950 SHP (712 kW)
2 140 mph (225 km/h) 2 300 mph (482 km/h)2. 140 mph (225 km/h) 2. 300 mph (482 km/h)
3. 2 Hellfire Missiles 3. 14 Hellfire missiles
4. Wingspan: 48.7 ft (14.8m) 4. Wingspan: 66 ft (20m). W gspa : 8. t ( .8 )Height: 6.9 ft (2.1 m)Empty weight: 1,130 lb(512 kg)Max takeoff weight: 2 250 lb
. W gspa : 66 t ( 0 )Height: 12.5 ft (3.6 m)Empty weight: 3,700 lb (2200 kg)Max takeoff weight: 2,250 lb
(1021 kg)kg)Max takeoff weight: 10,500 lb(4760 kg)
The edges of the wings are titanium and are dotted with microscopic weeping holes that allow an ethylene glycol microscopic weeping holes that allow an ethylene glycol
solution to seep out of internal reservoirs and breakdown ice that forms on the wings during flight.
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AdvantagesReal time imagery, assistance for ground force
Natural disaster for the surveillance of survivors
Atmospheric and scientific research
T t blTransportable
DisadvantagesgCivilians death
Lightweight susceptible to high winds and precipitationLightweight, susceptible to high winds and precipitation
Loss of respect for foreign soldiers
Decision Making Issues
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F t D l tFuture DevelopmentsReplace existing aerial fighting p g g gforce with drones
Allows pilots to be safer
Different drones for different uses
http://www.techxilla.com/2010/03/01/the-hidden-birds-uavs-will-change-the-future-of-warfare/
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Hi h Altit d L E dHigh Altitude, Long Endurance5 year durationy
Equipped with sophisticated surveillance equipment
Cheaper than satellites
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39313306/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/t/solar-powered-uav-can-stay-aloft-years/http://air-attack.com/page/17/Helios-solar-powered-UAV.html
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F t S ll S l DFuture Small Scale DronesHover Capabilitiesp
Easier to use
R i littl t i iRequires very little training
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_UAV
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E i d M k t bilitEconomics and Marketability
R P dRaven Predator
Assembly Field-assembly Complex manufacturing
Controls Video- game like Exhaustive 32 week pilotpiloting training
Fuel Rechargeable battery Liquid aerospace fuel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ-11_Ravenhttp://www.economist.com/node/21526053
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator_drone
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E i d M k t bilitEconomics and Marketability
R P dRaven Predator
Unit cost $56,000 $5,000,000
Operational Cost Negligible $5,000/hour
System Cost $250,000 $40,000,000
Adaptability Used globally Used by US for highly specialized missions
Marketability Sold to allies Limited sharingat a premium
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C l iConclusion
D th f t f d ill d fDrones are the future of unmanned surveillance and warfare
Different types and sizes of drones yield different mission-specific results as well as different cost-effectiveness specific results as well as different cost effectiveness outcomes
Currently, the military at large will continue to place orders for small drones like the raven, while more specialized missions, such as those conducted by the DoD or CIA require a more heavy-duty drone
Each type of drone will find its place in an evolving technological, political, and economic battlefield
http://www.ubergizmo.com/2010/07/global-hawk-uav-isnt-just-for-the-military/