dr.latif dizaji handling and restraint single handed restraint site of administration ...
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RouteS of administration
Dr.Latif Dizaji
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3
Principles of administration
Handling and restraint Single handed restraint Site of administration Preparation of the site Preparation, solubility and
safety of solutions
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Concentration of substancespH of the injected solutionVolume and frequency of
administrationThe rate of absorption and
distribution of administrated substances
Needles and syringes
Principles of administration
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Routes of Administration
Enteral administrationOral administration (per os, p.o.)Intragastric administration
delivered directly into the stomach
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Parenteral administration Subcutaneous administration
(s.c( Intraperitoneal administration
(i.p.) Intravenous administration (i.v.)Intramuscular administration
(i.m.)
Routes of Administration
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Parenteral administrationIntradermal administrationIntracerebral administrationIntrathoracic administrationIntranasal administration (i.n.)Topical applicationInhalation
Routes of Administration
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Manual restraint of a mouse
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Manual restraint of a mouse
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Manual restraint of a mouse to prevent kicks by hind leg.
The tail is held using the palm and forefinger and then the left hind leg is fixed between the ring and little finger.
Manual restraint of a mouse
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Oral gavage needles for rodents
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Procedure for intragastric administration using a ball tip needle
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Subcutaneous injection
Subcutaneous injection at the base of a fold of loose skin (area at the neck)
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Subcutaneous injection
subcutaneous injection at the lower left quadrant using an Insulin
syringe: 27 G 1/2 in., 1.0 ml.
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Routes of Administration
Intraperitoneal injection to lower left quadrant using an Insulin syringe: 27 G 1/2 in., 1.0 ml.
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Intravenous administration (i.v.)
Intravenous injection into the lateral tail vein of a mouse using an Insulin syringe: 27 G 1/2 in., 1.0 ml.
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Diagram of a transverse sectional view of a rodent tail showing the dorsal vein (DV), lateral veins (LV), and ventral artery (VA).
Turn 90° for injection
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Intravenous administration (i.v.)
intravenous injection into the retro orbital
sinus of an anesthetized mouse using an Insulin syringe: 27 G 1/2 in., 1.0 ml.
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Intramuscular administration (i.m.)
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Intramuscular administration (i.m.)
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Intramuscular administration (i.m.)
Intramuscular injection into the leg muscle.
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Clipping of hair on the back. Hair on the back is clipped by a cordless electric clipper.
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Intradermal administration
Intradermal injection into the back skin.
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Intracerebral administration
intracerebral injection into an anesthetized mouse using an intradermalneedle
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Intranasal administration (i.n.)
Intranasal injection into an anesthetized
mouse using a pipette
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intracardiac injection in the rat.
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Subcutaneous injection in the guinea pig.
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Injection site and volumes
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Guidelines for maximal administration volumes (in milliliters) and needle size
Oral- Subcutaneous- Intraperitoneal -Intravenous -Intradermal -Intramuscular -Intracerebral -Intranasal
0.2 2–3 (scruff ) 2–3 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.2 (inguinal)
<22 G < 25 G < 23 G < 25 G < 26 G 25–27 G < 27 G
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Remember
Select the appropriate restraint method, injection route, volume, site and needle gauge for your research purposes.
Prep the site with 70% ethanol. Always inject with the needle bevel up. When warming animals, DO NOT
OVERHEAT. All injection procedures must be
described in your Animal Study Proposal. Consult your veterinarian for further
information concerning injections.
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GUIDELINES FOR MAXIMAL INJECTION VOLUMES, By Species
& Site
Species Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intraperitoneal
Intravenous
Intradermal
Mouse 1-2ml < 0.1ml 2-3ml < 0.2ml < 0.05ml
Rat 5-10ml < 0.3ml 5-10ml < 0.5ml < 0.05ml
Hamster 3-4ml < 0.1ml 3-4ml < 0.3ml < 0.05ml
Rabbit 10-50ml < 0.5ml 50-100ml < 5ml < 0.10ml
Larger species < 150ml < 2.0ml < 100ml < 250ml < 0.10ml
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Common Sites for Blood Collection
Species Site of collection and permitted conditions
Mouse Cardiac (terminal only), orbital sinus (general or local anesthesia required), tail vein [note: incisional method not permitted], saphenous vein, facial vein.
Rat As with mouse except facial vein is not used in rats. Subclavian and sublingual vein blood collection may be used in rats
Guinea Pig Cardiac (anesthetized only), anterior vena cava/subclavian vein
Rabbit Cardiac (anesthetized only), marginal ear vein
Dog, Cat & Nonhuman Primate
Cephalic, saphenous, femoral and jugular veins
Ruminants Jugular veinSwine Jugular vein, anterior vena cava, ear veins
Chicken Brachial wing vein, right jugular vein, cardiac (anesthetized only)
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Species Adult blood Single sample Exanguination Volume (ml) Volume (ml) Volume (ml) Mouse 2.5 0.3 1.2 Hamster 9 0.5 3.0 Rat 30 2.5 12.0 Guinea pig 60 5.0 30 Rabbit 150-400 25-50 100-180 Goat (45 kg) 3000 400 1200 Sheep (60 kg) 4000 600 1500 Chicken 240 20 160
Blood Collection
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Lateral saphenous venipuncture in the rat.
The vein is punctured.
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Blood is collected in a tube or pipet.
Lateral saphenous venipuncture in the rat.
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Lateral saphenous venipuncture in the mouse
The vein is punctured.
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Lateral saphenous venipuncture in the mouse.
Blood is collected in a tube or pipette.
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Retro-orbital sinus puncture in the mouse
The microhematocrit tube is placed under the lid and gently twisted until it penetrates the conjunctiva.
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Retro-orbital sinus puncture in the mouse
Blood is collected by capillary action
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Blood collection from the lateral pedal vein of the guinea pig
A 25 gauge needle is threaded into the vein.
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Blood collection from the lateral pedal vein of the guinea pig
Blood is collected into a hematocrit
tube placed into the needle hub.
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Blood collection from the central ear artery of the rabbit, using a
butterfly needle. The needle is
inserted at a very shallow angle.
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Blood collection from the central ear artery
of the rabbit, using a butterfly needle.
Pulsing blood into the tubing confirms correct placement.