Driving the BlockchainWhy Bitcoin (& Ethereum) Matter in Automotive

Steve (Joe) Ratheram. (steve.ratheram@inspiring.co.uk)

V2N

V2P

V2V

V2I

Safety

Vehicle hacking is a threat. CAN Bus & OBD Protocol - broken! Security by obscurity - over!. Current crypto protection - poor! IP/CAN gateways key attack surfaces. Mediation adds complexity.

Security

Safety is Security. Internet - broken! Servers are a single point of failure. Trusted authorities are a problem. CAVs cannot rely on centralised V2I. Mediation introduces friction.

Standards & Legislation Costs of failure punitive. e.g VW, Jeep,... Cyber-security standards emerging. Managing driver & vehicle ID. Ownership VS Usership models Mobility as a Service. Privacy VS Accountability. Permission is a barrier.

Connectivity & Convergence Consumer electronics & SW driven Market differentiation & disruption. Transition to IP based architecture. Connectivity Immersive. Threat Unknown. “If the service is free you are the product” Intelligent Transport Systems [ITS].

Automotive V2x Challenges

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Safety

Prevent cyber physical access. Protect identity & location data. Enable secure OTA SW updates.. Remote Diagnostics & Service Trust is an essential marque value. Privacy an essential product attribute.

Security

Aim to de-centralised P2P -> V2X Use asymmetric ECDSA + SHA crypto.. Pseudonym Mgt. High entropy RNG Hardware Secure Modules. Ensuring end-2-end message integrity. Malware Proof Transaction Signing.

Connectivity & Convergence

Secure vehicle architectures, V2X Communications & connected Apps.

Authentication, Identity, Integrity, Availability, Non Repudiation, Access Control, Revocation, Repeal.

Collaborative Transport Systems [C-ITS].

Scaling the Connected Car

Standards & Legislation

Data Protection Component Fraud Prevention Ownership & Identity Accountability. Pseudonymity & Privacy. Solution is balance of tech, £, social,

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Automotive V2x with Bitcoin

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Benefits Open Source Global P2P Protocol Decentralised & Pseudonymous Frictionless & Permission-less Consensus Network Distributed Proof of Work Immutable Blockchain Money as a Content Type Secure.

Applications Notarisation & Time-stamping. Vehicle & Driver ID. Component Identity & Certification.. Secure OTA SW & Digital Content. Service Tool authentication V2X Micro-payments Pay per use performance updates Services, tolls, parking, fines. Being paid for passing on SW updates

Security Market Cap £15.4 BN Size of Blockchain = 130 GB Confirmation Time - 10 mins Hashrate (4.2017 | 3.2 Ehash/s)

e.g. Odometer Data.

“ How did we end up with, within four years, the most powerful payment processing system on the planet - built by Geeks in their garages without anyone noticing ? “ (A. Antonopoulos).

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Automotive V2x with Ethereum

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“Smart contracts can substitute an army of lawyers, accountants, and

policemen,” said Nick Szabo,

Applications Notarisation & Time-stamping V2X Micro-payments e.g. Electric Vehicle Charging. Remote Diagnostics Mobility / location based services V2X Smart Contracts (lights, gates) V2X tokens of exchange Rewards & Incentives Driver Sells Data P2P

var MyContract = web3.eth.contract(abi);var myContractInstance = MyContract.at('0x78e97bcc5b5dd9ed228fed7a4887c0d7287344a9');// watch for an event with {some: 'args'}var events = myContractInstance.allEvents({fromBlock: 0, toBlock: 'latest'});events.watch(function(error, result){ ... });

Benefits Open Source Global P2P Protocol Decentralised & Pseudonymous Frictionless & Permission-less Consensus Network Distributed Proof of Work Sake Immutable Blockchain ? Digital Bearer Instrument Secure?

Security Market Cap 0.904 BN (BTC/20) Size of Blockchain = 30 GB Confirmation Time - 0.2..2 mins Hashrate (4.2017 |250 Thash/s) ETH/BTC Hashrate 1/190,000..

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#BitCar - Vehicle Crypto Node

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Bitcoin Core Node

Ethereum GETH Node

Default GUI with Authentication

VSS

User Apps

Chrome

APPLICATIONS

JSON

Node.JS (etc. API)

USBSecure Element

WiFi

Bluetooth

CAN/ OBD etc.

Built-in Bitcoin, Litecoin, Alt-Coin & Ethereum (Smart Contract aware)

Wallets

Malware Proof HSMwith 2FA

USER

DEVELOPER

FIDO UTF& Key Gen

7” Touch Screen Display & Keyboard

VRI

#BitCar - Vehicle Crypto Node

VRI = Vehicle Remote Interaction

VSS = Vehicle Sub System

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Beyond Bitcoin V2x

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SegWit eases UTXO burden. Lightning HLP manages signed but un-broadcast Bitcoin TX - like a Bar Tab Lower mining fees - offchain TX Protocol supporters earn fees Confirmation Time - 1 mSec

“Not just driver-less cars, but owner-less firms. Imagine in the future - summoning a taxi

that not only has no driver, but that belongs to a computer network,

not to a human being. The network has raised funds, signed contracts,

and taken delivery of vehicles, even though its headquarters is distributed all over the net.”

The Evolution of Everything [Matt Ridley]

Democratic, collaborative transport systems Shared social rewards & security incentives Open platform for monetising vehicle data Privacy centric V2X micro-transactions Technocratic not Autocratic Trust in Math Code is Law

KEY LESSONS Not your keys not your money. Successful Blockchains are OPEN & PUBLIC Openness stimulates immunity Scale and diversity essential. Social security reward for shared Security risk.

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Driver-Vehicle-Environment [DVE]MODEL [HIL / SIL / MIL / AIL ]

GATEWAY

Attackerin

theLoop

YAW Sensor IPKSteering ANGLE

ThreatModel

Threat Simulation

LINMS-CAN

GATEWAYEthernet

Wi-Fi

Useful?Try

Again?

Thanks

Detection

Mitigation

API

Tested in the Wild TM

If the connectivity is immersive and the threat unknown.

Then immunity is best developed by persistent mass exposure.

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Opt. STD tool files. Proprietary or Open-Source

DSCEMS

HS_CAN

Data

Request

TORQUEINTERVENTION

Would you like to play

a Game?

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“Crowd sourced - crypto rewarded - distributed testing of automotive cyber connected systems”.

The big idea is to adopt the “Nakamoto Consensus” protocol to aggregate the hashing power of all of the ECUs in vehicle. In fact all of the ECU's in an

entire fleet of vehicles - to thwart attackers - thereby changing the economics of attacking the vehicle.

Embedded vehicle systems might still mine a coin or token but would need a

less onerous proxy for Bitcoin proof of work such as proof-of-safety?..

Then to extend the coin into the marque eco-system to be exchanged for other crypto currencies in order to reward support.

Beyond Bitcoin V2x

The Revolution will be The Revolution will be DecentralisedDecentralised

Open SourceDistributedSecureGlobalPeer to PeerFrictionlessPermission-lessInnovationplatform

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More ...Training - An Introduction to Crypto-Currencies.

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