driver’s ed section 5 day 2 other driver responsibilities and vehicle considerations
TRANSCRIPT
Objectives: Day 2 Students will understand visibility limitations in bad
weather Students will understand unusually strong wind
conditions Students will understand low water crossings Students will understand different types of floods Students will understand driving in extreme hot and
cold temperatures Students will understand safety restraints for adults Students will understand types of belt-locking
systems Students will understand roadway technology Students will understand vehicle technology Students will understand controlling consequences
Bell Ringer #2
Write a half a page red to red.
*Explain the three types of road rage and give an example for each type.
Heavy Smoke, Rain, Fog or Snow
In an instant, the following can occur: Smoke is evident ahead. Suddenly smoke
and ashes from a large brush fire cover the road.
It is sprinkling. A few moments later, rain is falling in a solid sheet.
Snow is falling lightly. Two miles down the road, it becomes a whiteout.
DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE
Visibility Limitations
Reduce speedMake sure your headlights are on low beam (aimed at the road surface) to reduce the amount of light/glare reflected back at youTurn on your windshield wipersIf necessary, turn on the defroster or air conditioner
Driving in Bad Weather
Visibility Limitations in Bad Weather
Reduce speed, but NEVER stop in a travel lane
Turn on emergency flashers Look for an exit from the
highway
Visibility Limitations in Bad Weather
stop beyond end of guard rail back up to outboard of the guard rail turn off all lights (WHY??) wait for the bad weather to pass
If impossible to leave highway:
If your stopping distance is longer
than your sight distance, you have
created a high risk situation – slow
down
Visibility Limitations in Bad Weather
Sto
pp
ing
Dis
tan
ce
Visibility Range
Braking distances at 20 mph with conventional tires on different pavement conditions
Ice - 150 feet
Packed Snow - 60 feet
Wet - 25 feet
Dry - 20 feet
Unusually Strong Wind Conditions
Strong winds create a problem called buffeting.
Buffeting: To strike against forcefully
This condition can occur on bridges and when being passed by large trucks.
These wind gusts and blasts can cause total loss of vehicle control.
How To Respond to Wind
Reduce speed. Grip the steering wheel firmly to maintain
vehicle control. Leave extra space between your vehicle
and other vehicles. Be prepared to counter steer. Stay off brake
Low Water Crossings
Nearly 50% of flash flood fatalities are vehicle related
Search for flood prone areas:
- highway dips
- bridges
- low areas
Most vehicles will float
Very little water on the road surface can cause loss of control
Low Water Crossings
Driving too fast through water will cause the vehicle to hydroplane and lose contact with the road surface.
River Floods
Occur seasonally when heavy rains fill rivers or
Heavy rains from hurricanes or tropical systems
Coastal Floods
Winds generated from tropical storms and hurricanes can drive ocean water inland.
Earthquakes can also produce waves called tsunamis, sometimes referred to as tidal waves.
Urban Floods
As land is converted from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots, it loses its ability to absorb rainfall.
Streets can become swift moving rivers.
Flash Flooding
An arroyo is a water-carved gully or normally dry creek bed.
Arroyos can fill with fast-moving water very quickly.
Ice Jams Floating ice can accumulate at a natural or
manmade obstruction and stop the flow of water.
Hot and Cold Temperatures
Vehicles are designed to operate in a wide range of temperatures, from very hot to extremely cold. However, these extreme conditions can cause stress to any vehicle part that is temperature sensitive.
• Tires should be balanced, aligned,
the proper type, and have adequate tread
- The legal minimum, 2/32 of an inch tread depth,
is inadequate on wet surfaces• Check tire inflation
- Check cold tire pressure regularly
(noted inside driver’s door or in manual)
• Check radiator coolant, hoses, and connections
Cold Weather Precautions
Cold Weather Checks
Check heater, defroster
and air conditioner system
Winterized windshield wiper fluid
Check drive belts for tension and wear
Keep lights and glass areas clear and clean
Check windshield wiper blades
Tire inflation needs special attention
Under inflated tires are subject to heat and pressure buildup, especially when driving for extended distances at higher speeds.
Hot Weather Checks
The air conditioner, radiator coolant hoses, connections, and drive
belts need special attention.
due to the extra load placed on these cooling
systems.
Occupant Protection
Refers to safety belts, child restraints, and driver/passenger side air bags.
Video
Seat Belts
Your number one defense to prevent severe injuries is to wear your safety belt.
Seatbelt Video
• Keeping the seat back in an upright position avoids the submarine effect of the lower body in a frontal crash
• Minimize movement of the upper and lower body in a crash
• Dramatically reduce the severity of injuries
Seat Belts
Seatbelt Video
Normal Conditions Emergency Conditions
Seat Belt
Seat Belt
Ratchet Mechanism
Ratchet Mechanism
Pendulum Pendulum
Bar Bar
Sudden Car Movement
Types of Belt-Locking Systems
Head Restraints
Proper adjustment minimizes whiplash.
Improper adjustment may result in severe neck injury.
Adjust to a position above the ear level to avoid serious injury
Air Bags in Dash or Steering Wheel
No passenger under 12 years ofage should sit in the front seat
Protect driver or passengers from sustaining severe head and chest injuries
The air bag inflates in the blink of an eye, at speeds as high as 200 miles per hour.
Air Bags in Dash or Steering Wheel• Raise seat or adjust steering wheel to
direct air bag toward chest and not at the facial area
• Adjust seat for a minimum 10-inch clearance between chest and steering wheel
• Hand position should be at 8 and 4
• Avoid 10 and 2 hand position to prevent blow hole burns to hands and arms
10 inches
Air Bags for side impact protection
Located in the upper door
frame, side of the seat, or
door panel Protect head from hitting
the window
Side air bag deploys in crash test. Red area shows where the dummy’s head impacted the airbag.
Side Airbag Video
Safety Restraints for Youth
Belt and Seat Restraint Use
T – 8.24
Safest if seated in back center seat Infant seats/rear facing/birth to 20 lbs. Use child seats up to 40 lbs. Use booster seats up to 60 lbs.
Infant Car Bed
Rear Facing Infant Seat
Forward Facing Child Restraints
Booster Seats
Roadway Technology
Wide clear shoulders and wide lanes Rumble strips installed at the road
edge
Redesign of median barriers
Occupant Protection Highway Design Features Include
Breakaway sign support posts
Occupant Protection Highway Design Features Include
Roadway Technology
Vinyl Crash drums filled with liquid or sand
New design guard rails with ends angled away from roadway and buried
Roadway Technology
Variable message signs alert drivers to weather
conditions, construction, and traffic problems
Automotive TechnologyNew vehicle technology aids the driver in maintainingbalance control when performing avoidance maneuversand increased protection should a crash occur.
Enhanced control is provided through technologies such
as the following: Anti-Lock Brakes Crumple Zones Traction Control Devices Electronic Stability Program (ESP) Suspension Control Devices Door Latches Tempered Glass
DON’T WRITE THIS SLIDE
Anti-lock Brake Systems Designed to allow steering and
simultaneous braking without losing vehicle balance.
Shorten stopping distances by not allowing the tire to lock up
ABS VIDEO
Anti-lock Brake Systems Do..Add to your following
distance in bad weather
Practice use of ABSKeep your foot firmly
on the brake
INC
RE
AS
E
Anti-lock Brake Systems• Do Not.. Drive More Aggressively
Pump the Brakes
Steer Too Much Be Alarmed by ABS Noise or
Vibration
Traction Control Systems Basically the
reverse of anti-lock brakes.
Designed to activate brake sensors, which do not allow the wheels to spin.
The device allows acceleration input without loss of vehicle balance.
Crumple Zones Areas of a vehicle that are designed
to deform and crumple in a collision. This absorbs some of the energy
of the impact, preventing it from being transmitted to the occupants.
Crumple Zone Video
Crashes have two separate collisions:
The first is the vehicle collision, and the second is the collision of occupants and unsecured items inside the vehicle.
It is this second collision that often causes injury and death.
Controlling Consequences
Drive off road rather than skid off the road
Hit something soft rather than something hard
Hit something going your way rather than something stationary
Hit stationary objects with a glancing blow
Hit a stationary object rather than an approaching object
Steer to avoid oncoming traffic and head on collision