drinking water management system - kyogle council · drinking water are responsible for...

Drinking Water Management System

Kyogle Council

December 2012

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Kyogle Council

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Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Drinking Water Management System - Kyogle Council, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.

© Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd 2012


12NS07-R89-1.0 i December 2012

Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.� Commitment to Drinking Water Quality Management .................................................. 3�

1.1.� Drinking Water Quality Policy .................................................................................. 3�

1.2.� Regulatory and Formal Requirements ..................................................................... 4�

1.3.� Engagement ............................................................................................................ 4�

1.3.1.� Employee Responsibilities .......................................................................... 4�

1.3.2.� Communication with employees ................................................................. 4�

1.3.3.� Identifying and Communicating Regulatory Changes ................................. 5�

1.3.4.� Engaging Stakeholders ............................................................................... 5�

2.� Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System ...................................................... 7�

2.1.� System Analysis ...................................................................................................... 7�

2.2.� Assessment of Water Quality Data .......................................................................... 7�

2.3.� Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ............................................................ 7�

2.3.1.� Assessment of Risks .................................................................................. 8�

2.3.2.� Methodology ............................................................................................... 8�

2.3.3.� Inherent Risk ............................................................................................. 10�

2.3.4.� Maximum Risk .......................................................................................... 11�

2.3.5.� Residual Risk ............................................................................................ 11�

2.3.6.� Uncertainty ................................................................................................ 11�

3.� Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management ................................. 12�

3.1.� Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers ........................................................... 12�

3.2.� Critical Control Points ............................................................................................ 12�

4.� Operational Procedures and Process Control ............................................................ 15�

4.1.� Operational Procedures ......................................................................................... 15�

4.2.� Operational Monitoring .......................................................................................... 15�

4.3.� Corrective Action ................................................................................................... 15�

4.4.� Equipment Capability and Maintenance ................................................................ 16�

4.5.� Materials and Chemicals ....................................................................................... 16�

5.� Verification of Drinking Water Quality ......................................................................... 17�

5.1.� Drinking Water Quality Monitoring ......................................................................... 17�

5.2.� Consumer Satisfaction ........................................................................................... 18�

5.3.� Short-term Evaluation of Results ........................................................................... 18�

5.4.� Corrective Action ................................................................................................... 18�


12NS07-R89-1.0 ii December 2012

6.� Management of Incidents and Emergencies ............................................................... 19�

6.1.� Communication ...................................................................................................... 19�

6.2.� Incident and Emergency Response Protocols ....................................................... 19�

7.� Employee Awareness and Training .............................................................................. 21�

7.1.� Employee Awareness and Involvement ................................................................. 21�

7.2.� Employee Training ................................................................................................. 21�

8.� Community Involvement and Awareness .................................................................... 22�

8.1.� Community Consultation ........................................................................................ 22�

8.2.� Community Education ............................................................................................ 22�

8.3.� Consumer Feedback and Water Quality Complaints ............................................. 22�

9.� Research and Development .......................................................................................... 24�

9.1.� Investigative Studies and Research Monitoring ..................................................... 24�

9.2.� Validation of Processes ......................................................................................... 24�

9.3.� Design of Equipment ............................................................................................. 25�

10.�Documentation and Reporting ...................................................................................... 26�

10.1.� Management of Documentation and Records ....................................................... 26�

10.2.� Monitoring and Reporting ...................................................................................... 26�

11.�Evaluation and Audit ..................................................................................................... 27�

11.1.� Long-term Evaluation of Results ............................................................................ 27�

11.2.� Audit of Drinking Water Quality Management System ........................................... 27�

12.�Review and Continual Improvement ............................................................................ 28�

12.1.� Review by Senior Executive .................................................................................. 28�

12.2.� Drinking Water Management System Improvement Plan ...................................... 28�

13.�References ...................................................................................................................... 29�

Appendices Appendix A Risk Assessment Workshop Report ..................................................................... A

Appendix B Drinking Water Quality Policy ............................................................................... B

Appendix C Legal and Other Requirements Register .............................................................. C

Appendix D CCP Procedures .................................................................................................. D

Appendix E Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan ....................................................... E

Appendix F Improvement Plan ................................................................................................ F

Appendix G Awareness Training .............................................................................................. G


12NS07-R89-1.0 iii December 2012

Figures

Figure 1 Kyogle Council Local Government Area ..................................................................... 1�Figure 2 Water Supply Service Organisational Structure ......................................................... 4�Figure 3 Critical Control Point Decision Tree .......................................................................... 13�

Tables

Table 1 Water Service Summary .............................................................................................. 2�Table 2 Kyogle Council Planning Documents ........................................................................... 3�Table 3 Stakeholder Summary ................................................................................................. 5�Table 4 Risk Matrix ................................................................................................................... 9�Table 5 Consequence Descriptors ............................................................................................ 9�Table 6 Likelihood Descriptors ................................................................................................ 10�Table 7 Uncertainty Descriptors .............................................................................................. 10�Table 8 Critical Control Point Monitoring ................................................................................ 14�Table 9 Operational Procedures ............................................................................................. 15�Table 10 Chemical suppliers ................................................................................................... 16�Table 11 NSW Health monitoring locations ............................................................................ 17�Table 12 External Emergency Contacts ................................................................................. 19�Table 13 Emergency Services ................................................................................................ 20�Table 14 Validation summary ................................................................................................. 25�


12NS07-R89-1.0 iv December 2012

Document History and Status

Revision Date issued Approved by Date approved Revision type

0.1 29/10/2012 K Pither 29/10/2012 Draft to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G Kennet 23/11/2012 Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final

Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Karen Pither Name of client: Kyogle Council

Name of project: Drinking Water Management System Name of document: Kyogle Council Document number R89 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07

Introduction

12NS07-R89-1.0 1 December 2012

Introduction This Drinking Water Quality Management System (DWMS) for the Kyogle Council drinking water supply scheme has been developed in accordance with the twelve elements of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) and with reference to the NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems (Draft – 2012).

This DWMS contains or references all policies, procedures and registers, as supporting documents and appendices that are required to meet the Public Health Act 2010 requirement for drinking water suppliers to develop and implement a quality assurance program to maintain drinking water quality.

Kyogle Council

Kyogle is located 758 km north of Sydney, 32 km north of Casino, 184 km south of Brisbane and 60 metres above sea level on the Richmond River at the base of Fairy Mount. Figure 1 provides an overview of the Kyogle Local Government Area (LGA).

Figure 1 Kyogle Council Local Government Area

The Council area is 3,589 sq km and is surrounded by the NSW / Queensland border to the north, Tenterfield Shire to the west, Clarence Valley on the south, Richmond Valley, Lismore and Tweed on the east. Kyogle is the largest population centre in the LGA. Other villages include Woodenbong, Wiangaree, Bonalbo, Old Bonalbo, Tabulam, Mallanganee, Mummulgum, Cawongla, Homeleigh, Wadeville and Barkersvale. Urbenville is a village located in the adjoining Tenterfield Shire, which provides facilities for Kyogle LGA residents in that area.

Kyogle Council operates three water supplies servicing around four thousand people in the township of Kyogle and the villages of Bonalbo and Woodenbong, and the aboriginal community of Muli Muli. Detailed descriptions and diagrams of the schemes, treatment plants and distributions systems are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report (Appendix A).

Introduction

12NS07-R89-1.0 2 December 2012

Table 1 provides a brief overview of the Kyogle Council service.

Table 1 Water Service Summary

Service Description Details

Local Water Utility Name and Contact Details Kyogle Council 1 Stratheden Street Kyogle NSW 2474 Tel: (02) 6632 1611 Fax: (02) 6632 2228

Schemes that the DWMS refers to Kyogle – treatment and supply Bonalbo – treatment and supply Woodenbong/Muli Muli – supply only

Communities served Kyogle Bonalbo Woodenbong Muli Muli

Current Population (2012) 4,000 Future Population (2020) 4,300 Current Connections (2012) Kyogle

• 1209 residential connections • 275 non-residential connections Bonalbo • 165 residential connections • 37 non-residential connections Woondenbong/Muli Muli • 179 residential connections (Kyogle LGA) • 68 non-residential connections (Kyogle LGA)

Current Demand (2010) 530 ML/year Future Demand (2020) 570 ML/year

Scope

This DWMS covers the Kyogle Council water supply scheme; the collection, treatment and distribution of water to Kyogle and Bonalbo and the distribution of water from the Urbenville WTP, owned by Tenterfield Shire Council to the communities of Woodenbong and Muli Muli.

Coverage of this DWMS starts at the receiving point of the Bonalbo and Kyogle catchments and the transfer of water from Tenterfield Shire and finishes at the point of supply of drinking water to customers.

Element 1 - Commitment to Drinking Water Quality

12NS07-R89-1.0 3 December 2012

1. Commitment to Drinking Water Quality Management

1.1. Drinking Water Quality Policy

Kyogle Council has developed a Drinking Water Quality Policy that was adopted by Council in May 2012. The policy outlines Kyogle Council’s commitment to managing its water supply effectively to provide a safe, high-quality drinking water that protects public health and consistently meets the NHMRC/NRMMC Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, and consumer and other regulatory requirements.

A copy of policy is attached (Appendix B), a copy is also available on the Kyogle Council website (www.kyogle.nsw.gov.au).

Table 2 identifies Kyogle Council’s planning documents that are relevant to the DWMS and contain supporting information. These documents are available on the Kyogle Council website.

Table 2 Kyogle Council Planning Documents

Guideline Planning Document Details

NSW Water and Sewerage Strategic Business Planning Guidelines Planning and Reporting Guidelines for Local Government in NSW

• Delivery Program 2012/2016 and Operational Plan 2012/2013

• Community Strategic Plan • Adopted Fees and Charges 2012/2013 • Resourcing Strategy 201213 • Long Term Financial Plan • Workforce Management Strategy • Asset Management Strategy • Core Infrastructure Risk Management Plan • Water Supply Asset Management Plan • Plant and Emergency Equipment Asset

Management Plan • Stormwater and Flood Management Asset

Management Plan

Documentation available on Kyogle Council’s website

Integrated Water Cycle Management Framework and Guidelines NSW Office of Water

Integrated Water Cycle Management Evaluation Study and Strategy Plan

Dated August 2006 Documentation available on Kyogle Council’s website

Internal and Strategic

Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, April 2012 Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant Final Design Report and Operations Manual, Aug 2010 Joint Water Supply Agreement between Kyogle Council and Tenterfield Shire Council for the Urbenville, Muli Muli, Woodenbong Water Supply, Sept 2012

Internal Documents


12NS07-R89-1.0 4 December 2012

1.2. Regulatory and Formal Requirements

Kyogle Council are required to comply with a range of regulatory instruments and guidelines. Kyogle Council ensure compliance with regulation through the Legislative Compliance Policy (November 2007). The Kyogle Council Water Supply Asset Management Plan (May 2012) provides a comprehensive list of legislative requirements. The Legal and Other Requirements Register (Appendix C) summarises the key regulatory requirements for Kyogle Council and how Council complies with those requirements.

Kyogle Council distributes water supplied by Tenterfield Shire to the communities of Woodenbong and Muli Muli under the Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply Joint Water Supply Agreement.

1.3. Engagement

1.3.1. Employee Responsibilities

Those employees within the Organisational Structure depicted in Figure 2, with responsibilities directly related to water quality management have those requirements relevant to their position reflected in their Position Description.

The Drinking Water Policy states that all managers and employees involved in the supply of drinking water are responsible for understanding, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the DWMS.

Figure 2 Water Supply Service Organisational Structure

1.3.2. Communication with employees

Kyogle Council’s drinking water policy contains a commitment to ensuring that all managers involved in the supply of drinking water are responsible for understanding, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the drinking water quality management system.

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12NS07-R89-1.0 5 December 2012

Kyogle Council communicate with staff about drinking water management and their obligations and responsibilities during annual performance reviews, regular meetings and throughout daily operation. All water operations staff attended the risk assessment workshop for the DWMS and are aware of the risk management framework.

1.3.3. Identifying and Communicating Regulatory Changes

It is the responsibility of Kyogle Council to ensure regulatory compliance. Kyogle Council ensure changes to legislation and formal requirements are identified and communicated internally through implementation of the Legislative Compliance Policy that includes roles and responsibilities, identification of current and new or amended legislation, internal notification and reporting of non compliances.

Any changes to this DWMS due to regulatory and formal requirements are to be communicated to relevant managers, employees and contractors.

1.3.4. Engaging Stakeholders

Many aspects of drinking water quality management require involvement with other agencies and stakeholders. Similarly, consultation with relevant health and other regulatory authorities is necessary for establishing many elements of the DWMS, such as monitoring and reporting requirements, emergency response plans and communication strategies. This means establishing two-way communication paths with state government departments, Kyogle Council customers, contractors and other local water utilities.

Table 3 summarises the key stakeholders for the DWMS and how Kyogle Council communicates with them.

Table 3 Stakeholder Summary

Stakeholder Engagement Comments

Tenterfield Shire Council (TSC)

Joint Water Supply Agreement

Communication relating to water supply, quality, disruptions etc.

The Joint Water Supply Agreement has provisions for TSC to inform Kyogle Council if testing indicates that the water produced is failing to meet the potable water standard (Clause 23).

Community/ consumers

Communication relating to water supply, quality, disruptions etc.

Integrated Planning and Reporting process

Kyogle Council consulted with the community during the development of the IWCM Strategy.

The community was consulted in the preparation of the Drinking Water Quality Policy.

Regular consultation is also undertaken as part of the preparation of Operational Plan and annual budgets.

NSW Health NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program

Notifications of water quality issues as per protocols

NSW Health attended Kyogle Council’s DWMS Risk Assessment Workshop

NSW Health provide advice on public health and regulatory issues

Water quality non-conformances are reported to local Public Health Unit


12NS07-R89-1.0 6 December 2012

Stakeholder Engagement Comments

NSW Office of Water (NOW)

Annual performance reporting

NOW attended Kyogle Council’s DWMS Risk Assessment Workshop

NOW provide advice and undertake inspections of treatment plants and water supply systems.

Element 2 - Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System

12NS07-R89-1.0 7 December 2012

2. Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System The assessment of the drinking water supply system is an essential prerequisite for subsequent steps in which effective strategies for prevention and control of hazards are planned and implemented. This includes understanding the characteristics of the drinking water system, what hazards may arise, how these hazards create risks, and the processes and practices that affect drinking water quality. The drinking water supply system is defined as everything from the point of collection of water to the consumer and can include:

• catchments, including groundwater systems • source waters • storage reservoirs and intakes • treatment systems • service reservoirs and distribution systems • consumers

Water quality can be affected at each of these points, and because they are all interrelated, integrated management is essential.

2.1. System Analysis

The Kyogle Council supply system is described the Risk Assessment Workshop Report and the Risk Assessment Briefing Paper, (Appendix A). The scheme description, layout plans and process flow diagrams were reviewed and verified at the risk assessment workshop.

2.2. Assessment of Water Quality Data

A review of historical water quality data can assist in understanding source water characteristics and system performance both over time and following specific events such as heavy rainfall. This can aid the identification of hazards and aspects of the drinking water system that require improvement. Water quality should be reviewed at last annually and used to inform the risk assessment.

Water quality data from routine conditions as well as complaints, exceedences and climatic information have been collected and reviewed. The Risk Assessment Briefing Paper contains graphical representations and summary tables of the data for the scheme, which was utilised in the risk assessment process. This was used to help identify, hazards, hazardous events, and long-term trends in water quality.

The water quality analysis was completed prior to the risk assessment workshop and the results are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report.

2.3. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Hazards and hazardous events are based on:

• information gathered in Section 2.1 – System Analysis • information gathered in Section 2.2.– Assessment of Water Quality Data • hazards added through water treatment or reticulation such as treatment chemicals • operational experience, gathered during the risk workshop


12NS07-R89-1.0 8 December 2012

2.3.1. Assessment of Risks

The process undertaken for the risk assessment was as follows:

• assembly of the risk assessment team, which was: • multi-disciplinary, including staff from all areas of operations • included at least one member with formal risk assessment training or equivalent

experience or skills, the remaining members of the team received an introduction to the risk assessment process, prior to commencing the risk assessment

• representatives of the constituent councils • in a workshop with the risk assessment team the following steps were undertaken:

• analysis of the process flow diagram, describing processes • review of background information and related work, which included the

characterisation of raw water from all sources • identification of microbial, physical, chemical and radiological hazards and their

sources and assessment of the inherent risk • identification of hazardous events, and limiting hazards, that could occur at each

step in the water supply system, • assessment of maximum risk using the risk methodology • identification of preventive measures and the assessment of residual risk using the

risk methodology • evaluation of significant risks and identification of required further risk treatments • identification of critical control points (CCPs) by assessing each of preventive

measures used to reduce risk using a CCP Decision Tree.

Details of the risk assessment and the risk assessment team are described in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report. Hazardous events that could have an effect on water quality are listed in order of scheme component in the risk register (Risk Assessment Workshop Report).

2.3.2. Methodology

In this risk assessment three different risks were identified:

• Inherent risk – this is the level of risk in Kyogle Council’s raw water sources, Richmond River and Peacock Creek.

• Maximum risk – risk without existing barriers/preventive measures in place. Therefore, maximum risk is the inherent risk plus any additional sources of hazards/ hazardous events due to Kyogle Council’s treatment and /or distribution network.

• Residual risk – the risk after current barriers and preventive measures are taken into consideration.

For this risk assessment a risk that was Medium (8) or greater was deemed to be significant (or unacceptable). Significant maximum risks require adequate risk mitigation to be in place and robust operational procedures. Significant residual risks identify a gap in risk mitigation and require further risk treatments to bring the level of risk down to an acceptable level.

Risk scores were assessed using a likelihood and consequence risk matrix, Table 4. The risk score is the intercept of likelihood and consequence.


12NS07-R89-1.0 9 December 2012

Table 4 Risk Matrix

Likelihood Consequence

Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic

Almost certain Medium (6)

High (10)

High (15)

Extreme (20)

Extreme (25)

Likely Medium (5)

Medium (8)

High (12)

High (16)

Extreme (20)

Possible Low (3)

Medium (6)

Medium (9)

High (12)

High (15)

Unlikely Low (2)

Low (4)

Medium (6)

Medium (8)

High (10)

Rare Low (1)

Low (2)

Low (3)

Medium (5)

Medium (6)

In identifying risk the first step is to determine the consequence of the hazardous event. The consequence categories used are defined in Table 5.

Table 5 Consequence Descriptors

Consequence Descriptor Definition

1 Insignificant Isolated exceedence of aesthetic parameter with little or no disruption to normal operation

2 Minor Potential local aesthetic, isolated exceedence of chronic health parameter

3 Moderate Potential widespread aesthetic impact or repeated breach of chronic health parameter

4 Major Potential acute health impact, no declared outbreak expected

5 Catastrophic Potential acute health impact, declared outbreak expected

Following the identification of the consequence the likelihood of that consequence materialising was determined using the likelihood categories defined in Table 6. To assist in the categorisation of hazardous events a unit was considered to be a day e.g. a seasonal event that lasted a week was considered to happen seven times per year would have been defined as possible.

The advantage of using “likelihood of the consequence” approach is that it does not overstate risk. If you were to calculate the likelihood of the hazard occurring it would not be a realistic representation.


12NS07-R89-1.0 10 December 2012

Table 6 Likelihood Descriptors

Likelihood Descriptor Definition 1 Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances.

E.g. occurs less than or equal to once every 5 years 2 Unlikely Could occur at some time.

E.g. occurs more often than once every 5 years and up to once per year

3 Possible Might occur or should occur at some time. E.g. occurs more often than once per year and up to once a month (12/yr)

4 Likely Will probably occur in most circumstances. E.g. occurs more often than once per month (12/yr) and up to once per week (52/yr)

5 Almost Certain Is expected to occur in most circumstances. E.g. occurs more often than once per week (52/yr)

For each risk assessment the level of uncertainty in the assessment was identified using the definitions in Table 7 as a guide.

Table 7 Uncertainty Descriptors

Level of Uncertainty Descriptor Definition

1 Certain there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been trended and assessed, with at least daily monitoring; or the processes involved are thoroughly understood

2 Confident there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been collated and assessed, with at least weekly monitoring or for the duration of seasonal events; or there is a considerable understanding of the processes involved

3 Reliable there is at least a year of continuous monitoring data available, which has been assessed; or there is a good understanding of the processes involved

4 Estimate there is limited monitoring data available; or There is a reasonable understanding of the processes involved

5 Uncertain there is limited or no monitoring data available; or the processes are not well understood

The results of the risk assessment were recorded in the risk register and is included in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report (Appendix A). Currency of the risk assessment will be maintained by Kyogle Council, the following will trigger a review:

• 12 months follow the last complete review of the risk assessment • a non-compliance or water quality incident • an exceedence of a CCP critical limit.

2.3.3. Inherent Risk

The risks that are present in the system are reflective of the catchment and nature of the treatment processes. These are the risks inherently in the water that need to be managed by Kyogle Council’s infrastructure.


12NS07-R89-1.0 11 December 2012

2.3.4. Maximum Risk

Maximum risk is the additional inherent risk plus the risks due to hazards introduced by the treatment process and any problems with the system’s integrity. Working out the maximum risk allows operators to identify important preventative measures and barriers.

Full details of the maximum risk assessments are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report. It is the maximum risk that must be managed by Kyogle Council. Maximum risk was assessed for each hazardous event.

2.3.5. Residual Risk

Details of the residual risk assessment are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report.

Residual risk is determined once existing preventive measures and barriers have been applied. Residual risk is the level of risk a particular hazardous event is assessed as posing to the drinking water once the existing preventative measure/s have been applied. Barriers and preventative measures were identified during the risk assessment workshop for identified hazards.

In order to ensure that hazards and hazardous events are managed effectively, measures need to be in place to eliminate or reduce the associated risk. This DWMS addresses this through the implementation of the following:

• identification of significant hazards • assessment of hazardous events that result in significant hazards • formalise preventative measures that manage significant hazards • critical control points - these are points in the system that can be monitored and action

taken, to prevent the process going out of control leading to a non-compliant product, in good time

• improvement actions for unacceptable residual risks

Section 3 discusses preventive measures and barriers in further detail.

2.3.6. Uncertainty

Assessing uncertainty provides an indication of the need to undertake further work or gather more data to ensure that the risk assessment is accurate and reliable. This work can be undertaken prior to the finalisation of the DWMS or at a point in the future, in which case these activities should be reflected in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).

Element 3 – Preventive Measures

12NS07-R89-1.0 12 December 2012

3. Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management

In order to ensure that hazards and hazardous events are managed effectively, measures need to be in place to eliminate or reduce the associated risk. This DWMS addresses this through the implementation of the following:

• Preventive measures that reduce the likelihood of contaminants being at concentration which may cause harm to the consumer.

• Multiple barriers - a series of barriers that ensure contaminants are at an acceptable level.

• Critical control points - these are points in the system that can be monitored and action can be taken to prevent the process going out of control leading to a non-compliant product

3.1. Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers

An important aspect of a drinking water quality management system is a multiple barrier approach to prevent contaminants entering the potable water supply. This DWMS covers the sourcing, treatment, disinfection and distribution of potable water. The barriers that are in place in this component of the water supply system are identified in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report.

3.2. Critical Control Points

In HACCP style quality assurance systems monitoring plays a key role in risk management, but the focus is shifted from reliance on end product compliance testing and verification to targeted operational monitoring and processes.

A critical control point (CCP) is defined as an activity, procedure or process at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level. Not all activities are amenable to selection as critical control points. A critical control point has several operational requirements, including:

• Operational parameters that can be measured and for which critical limits can be set to define the operational effectiveness of the activity (e.g. chlorine residuals for disinfection).

• Operational parameters that can be monitored frequently enough to reveal any failures in a timely manner (online and continuous monitoring is preferable).

• Procedures for corrective action that can be implemented in response to deviation from critical limits.

All preventative measures identified in the risk assessment were assessed using the decision tree identified in Figure 3 to determine if they are CCPs. The CCPs for the Kyogle Council supply system are identified in Table 8, with the critical and alert limits and the monitoring requirements. Procedures for the monitoring of CCPs and the corrective action and reporting required in response to an exceedence of a critical or alert limit and are presented in Appendix D.

Element 3 – Preventive Measures

12NS07-R89-1.0 13 December 2012

Figure 3 Critical Control Point Decision Tree

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Element 4 – Operational Procedures and Process Control

12NS07-R89-1.0 15 December 2012

4. Operational Procedures and Process Control Operational procedures, monitoring and process control are key components of ensuring that consistent and reliable performance is achieved and maintained. These components create a systematic mechanism for process and product checking that fulfils the quality assurance aspect of this DWMS.

4.1. Operational Procedures

Operational procedures formalise the activities that are essential to ensure the provision of consistently good quality water. Detailed procedures are required for the operation of all processes and activities (both ongoing and periodic), including preventive measures, operational monitoring and verification procedures, and maintenance requirements. Table 9 lists the existing procedures and the reference numbers that relate to this DWMS. Formalised procedures for all operations relating to the Kyogle Council supply system are yet to be developed. Procedures to be developed are identified and prioritised in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).

Table 9 Operational Procedures

Procedure Name Doc Number Date revised

CCP Procedures Appendix D October 2012 Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan Appendix E October 2012 Improvement Plan Appendix F October 2012 Bonalbo (Petrochilos) Dam Operations and Maintenance Manual

N/A December 2011

Bonalbo WTP Final Design Report and Operations Manual

N/A August 2010

Kyogle Filtration Plant Instruction for Operation and Maintenance

N/A N/A

Standard Operational and Emergency Response Procedures for Fluoridation Systems

N/A August 2012

4.2. Operational Monitoring

Operational monitoring includes the planned sequence of measurements and observations to assess and confirm the performance of preventive measures. Measurements are of operational parameters that will indicate whether processes are functioning effectively.

The procedure for operational monitoring is documented in the Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan (Appendix E). Kyogle Council currently undertake the operational monitoring of their system using the Water Quality Log Sheets, that are used to record and review all of the results of the operational monitoring undertaken on a day to day basis

4.3. Corrective Action

Procedures are essential for immediate corrective action required to re-establish process control following failure to meet target criteria or critical limits. The procedures should include instructions on required adjustments, process control changes and additional monitoring. Responsibilities and authorities, including communication and notification requirements, should be clearly identified. Corrective action and reporting requirements for the exceedence of CCP critical or alert limits are identified in the CCP procedures in Appendix D.

Element 4 – Operational Procedures and Process Control

12NS07-R89-1.0 16 December 2012

4.4. Equipment Capability and Maintenance

The capability of equipment is an important consideration in maintaining process control. Equipment and infrastructure in a drinking water supply system need to be adequately designed and of sufficient capacity (size, volume, detention times) to handle all flow rates (peak and otherwise) without limiting performance.

Kyogle Council undertake maintenance of equipment using the Maintenance Checklist. Laboratory equipment used for in-house monitoring is calibrated prior to each use, in accordance with manufacturers specifications.

Kyogle Council have identified the need to formalised procedures for maintenance and calibration, which include preventative maintenance schedules and tracking to improve the ability to audit and manage infrastructure (Improvement Plan – Appendix F).

4.5. Materials and Chemicals

The selection of materials and chemicals used in water systems is an important consideration as they have the potential to adversely affect drinking water quality. Kyogle Council do not have formal procedures for the purchase and use of water treatment chemicals. All chemicals are purchased from regular suppliers that Kyogle Council have determined to be reliable.

A formalised procedure for the purchase and receipt of chemicals will be developed as part of the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).

Table 10 Chemical suppliers

Chemical Supplier Contact

Sodium hypochlorite 13% soln Liquid Caustic 30% soln

Elite Chemicals 1873 Lytton Road Lytton QLD 4178 (07) 3893 7500

Ferric Chloride 40% soln Liquid Aluminium Sulphate 47% soln

Omega Chemicals 20 Industrial Avenue Molendinar QLD 4214 (07) 5539 3499

Sodium Fluoride Powdered Activated Carbon Potassium Permanganate

Redox 2 Swettenham Road Minto NSW 2566 (02) 97333000

Element 5 – Verification of Drinking Water Quality

12NS07-R89-1.0 17 December 2012

5. Verification of Drinking Water Quality Verification of drinking water quality provides an assessment of the overall performance of the system and the ultimate quality of drinking water being supplied to consumers. This incorporates monitoring drinking water quality as well as assessment of consumer satisfaction.

5.1. Drinking Water Quality Monitoring

Drinking water quality monitoring is a wide-ranging assessment of the quality of water in the distribution system and importantly, as supplied to the consumer. It includes regular sampling and testing to assess whether water quality is complying with guideline values, any regulatory requirements or agreed levels of service.

Kyogle Council participate in the NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program, the monitoring locations are identified in Table 11. The results from the NSW Health monitoring program are recorded on the NSW Health Drinking Water Database, which Kyogle Council can access and review.

The weekly microbiological samples are collected by Richmond Water Laboratories (RWL) on Councils behalf, and tested by both the RWL and Lismore Pathology Laboratory operated by the North Coast Area Health Service. Results are sent by e-mail to staff at Kyogle Council, Tenterfield Shire Council, and NSW Health as soon as they are available, and interim results are distributed from the Pathology Lab. . Review of the results are undertaken by the Manager Asset Services:

• after the result of each microbiological sample is reported • annually for trends and water quality implications Table 11 NSW Health monitoring locations

Water Supply Location Details

Kyogle Water Supply Kyogle area water supply reticulation "Hurley Park"

Site ID KG-01-001 - Mount Street Kyogle - Tap adjacent to reservoir, Hurley Park

Kyogle Water Supply Geneva area water supply reticulation "James Street"

Site ID KG-01-002 - 22 James Street Kyogle - House yard tap

Bonalbo Water Supply Bonalbo water supply reticulation "Bonalbo Amenities"

Site ID KG-02-001 - Tap adjacent to the park Bonalbo

Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply

Urbenville village water supply reticulation "Urbenville Park"

Site ID KG-03-001 - Urbenville Park Urbenville - Tap adjacent to the Tenterfield Shire Depot


Muli Muli community water supply reticulation "Muli Muli"

Site ID KG-03-002 - Muli Muli Community office Muli Muli - Front tap


Woodenbong village water supply reticulation "Woodenbong Police Station"

Site ID KG-03-003 - Swimming pool Woodenbong - tap adjacent to amenities

Element 5 – Verification of Drinking Water Quality

12NS07-R89-1.0 18 December 2012

5.2. Consumer Satisfaction

Kyogle Council record and respond to consumer water quality complaints and enquires in accordance with the Complaint Handling Policy (February 2006). Kyogle Council maintain a register of complaints which is reviewed regularly. The register was used to inform the risk assessment for the DWMS (Risk Assessment Workshop Report, Appendix A) and will be used to inform future reviews of the DWMS and monitoring plans.

5.3. Short-term Evaluation of Results

Short-term performance evaluation entails the review of drinking water quality monitoring data and consumer satisfaction, to verify that the quality of water supplied to consumers conforms to guideline values. If the quality does not conform, then immediate corrective actions and/or incident and emergency responses are undertaken.

5.4. Corrective Action

If the short-term evaluation of drinking water quality monitoring data indicates non-conformance with guideline values or other requirements, an investigation is undertaken and, if necessary, a corrective action implemented as quickly as possible. Failure to take immediate or effective action may lead to the development of a more serious situation, which could require incident and emergency response protocols to be instituted. Implementation of corrective action could also be required due to operational monitoring to optimise the process.

Element 6 – Management of Incidents and Emergencies

12NS07-R89-1.0 19 December 2012

6. Management of Incidents and Emergencies Considered and controlled responses to incidents or emergencies that can compromise the safety of water quality are essential for protecting public health, as well as maintaining consumer confidence and the organisation’s reputation. Although preventive strategies are intended to prevent incidents and emergency situations from occurring, some events cannot be anticipated or controlled, or have such a low probability of occurring that providing preventive measures would be too costly. For such incidents, there must be an adaptive capability to respond constructively and efficiently.

After public display and stakeholder consultation the Emergency Risk Management Report was adopted by the Local Emergency Management Committee on August 12, 2008 and was referred to the State Emergency Management Committee for endorsement.

Water quality incidents are addressed in the Kyogle Technological Hazard Descriptions, as Infrastructure Failure – Water.

6.1. Communication

Effective communication is vital in managing incidents and emergencies. Clearly defined protocols for both internal and external communications have been established and are outlined in the Kyogle Council DISPLAN (currently under review at time of writing).

6.2. Incident and Emergency Response Protocols

Incident and emergency response protocols are regarded as a priority and are managed in accordance with the Emergency Risk Management Report. Response protocols for Infrastructure Failure – Water require action under the Kyogle Council DISPLAN. Following implementation of the DISPLAN, assessment of the incident and contingency planning is undertaken.

Water quality incidents must be managed in accordance with the following protocols:

• NSW Health Response Protocol – Management of Microbiological Quality • NSW Health Response Protocol - Treatment Failure, Cryptosporidium and Giardia • NSW Health Response Protocol - Management of Physical and Chemical Quality • NSW Water Directorate - Blue Green Algae Management Protocols • NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies

Table 12 identifies the external emergency contacts relevant to water quality incidents.

Table 12 External Emergency Contacts

External Contact Details

Northern Rivers Public Health Unit Environmental Health Officer Mobile 0414 569 516 On call pager 132 222 pager number 314857 [email protected]

NSW Office of Water Regional Inspector Alstonville Telephone 6627 0110 Mobile 0412 283 768 [email protected]

Element 6 – Management of Incidents and Emergencies

12NS07-R89-1.0 20 December 2012

The emergency services based the Kyogle Council LGA are identified in Table 13.

Table 13 Emergency Services

Community Service Phone Number

All emergencies Police, Fire, Ambulance 000

Kyogle NSW Ambulance Service

NSW Rural Fire Service

NSW Police

NSW Fire Brigades

State Emergency Service

13 1233

1800 679 737

(02) 6632 1444

(02) 6632 1874

13 2500

Woodenbong NSW Rural Fire Service

NSW Police

1800 679 737

(02) 6635 1244

Bonalbo NSW Police

NSW Ambulance Service


(02) 6665 1144

13 1233

1800 679 737

Tabulam NSW Police


State Emergency Service

(02) 6666 1244

1800 679 737

13 2500

Element 7 – Training

12NS07-R89-1.0 21 December 2012

7. Employee Awareness and Training To ensure drinking water quality is effectively managed all employees need to have an understanding and awareness of the DWMS. Employees need to have appropriate skills and training in all aspects of their job description in order to operate the water supply system.

Kyogle Council ensure the requirements for employee awareness and training are met through the Human Resources Strategy Policy (October 2007).

7.1. Employee Awareness and Involvement

An understanding of drinking water quality management is essential for empowering and motivating employees to make effective decisions. All employees involved in drinking water supply must be aware of:

• Kyogle Council’s drinking water quality policy • characteristics of the water supply system and preventive strategies in place throughout

the system • emergency and incident response procedures • regulatory and legislative requirements • roles and responsibilities of employees and departments • how their actions can impact on water quality and public health

Kyogle Council achieves this through communication and training, which is identified through the annual performance appraisal process. A drinking water awareness training presentation is provided in Appendix G. This presentation will be rolled out to existing staff via toolbox meetings and to new staff during the induction process.

7.2. Employee Training

Employees and contractors must be appropriately skilled and trained in the management and operation of water supply systems, as their actions can have a major impact on drinking water quality and public health.

All relevant staff receive ongoing on-the-job training in order to fulfil their role and additional training needs are identified and addressed during the annual performance appraisal. The annual appraisal includes:

• review of position description • assessment of competencies • review and revise training plan for the following year.

All water operators have a minimum qualification of Cert III in Water Operations. Kyogle Council identify the additional training needs for each team member during the annual performance appraisal. Additional training that should be considered during the annual appraisal include:

• regional Organisation of Councils and Alliance Workshops and Training • NSW Health Workshops • fluoridation courses • NOW Training and Update Seminars • conferences and other seminars

Element 8 – Community Involvement and Awareness

12NS07-R89-1.0 22 December 2012

8. Community Involvement and Awareness Community consultation, involvement and awareness can have a major impact on public confidence in the water supply and the organisation’s reputation. A communication program is a long-term commitment, including both consultation and education, and should be designed to provide an active, two-way exchange of information. This will help to ensure that the needs and expectations of consumers are understood and are being satisfied.

Kyogle Council has prepared a Community Strategic Plan under the Strategic Business Planning process and an Integrated Water Cycle Management Evaluation Study and Strategy Plan that include processes for engaging with the community.

8.1. Community Consultation

Decisions on drinking water quality made by a drinking water supplier and the relevant regulatory authorities must be aligned with the needs and expectations of consumers. Therefore, the community and appropriate industry sectors should be consulted and involved during decision-making processes. Kyogle Council encourages community consultation through a range of mediums, including:

• customer service team • newsletters • ratepayer surveys • public meetings • targeted consultation with community groups • media coverage • councillor workshops

Council newsletters and planning reports are made publicly available through the website.

8.2. Community Education

Effective communication to increase community awareness and knowledge of drinking water quality issues and the various areas of responsibility is essential. Communication helps consumers to understand and contribute to decisions about the service provided by a drinking water supplier. A thorough understanding of the diversity of views held by individuals in the community is necessary to satisfy community expectations.

Kyogle Council communicates potential water quality issues due to the public in a variety of ways depending on the severity and scope of the issue. Methods for communicating with customers include:

• local radio announcement • Kyogle Council website • letter box drop • customer service team

8.3. Consumer Feedback and Water Quality Complaints

Kyogle Council have developed a Complaints Handling Policy (February 2006) provides clear guidelines for the management of complaints to ensure all complaints are dealt with on a prompt and equitable basis. The Complaints Handling Policy contains the procedure for managing complaints and conducting internal and external review of complaints.

Element 8 – Community Involvement and Awareness

12NS07-R89-1.0 23 December 2012

Water quality complaints and consumer feedback are tracked as required for the NOW Performance Reporting form. Customer requests and complaints are recorded in Councils document management system, DataWorks. The DataWorks system is then linked to an external database that tracks actions and response times, as well as providing reports and statistics.

Element 9 – Research and Development

12NS07-R89-1.0 24 December 2012

9. Research and Development A corporate commitment to conduct and participate in research and development activities on drinking water quality issues is important. Such a commitment helps to ensure continual improvement and the ongoing capability to meet drinking water quality requirements.

9.1. Investigative Studies and Research Monitoring

Investigative studies and research monitoring include strategic programs designed to increase understanding of a water supply system, to identify and characterise potential hazards, and to fill gaps in knowledge. Improved understanding of the factors affecting water quality characteristics allows suppliers to anticipate periods of poor water quality and respond to them in an effective way.

Kyogle Council undertake a broad range of research and investigation in relation to water quality issues. Recent investigations include:

• Urbenville, Woodenbong & Muli Muli Water Supply Augmentation Delivery Main Asset Report, 2001.

• Urbenville, Woodenbong and Muli Muli Water Supply Options Development Report, 2003.

• Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant Final Design Report and Operations Manual (Draft), 2010 • Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, 2010. • Bonalbo Long Term Water Supply and Drought Strategy, 2005

The risk assessment and the DWMS development process has identified additional actions to investigate water quality or improve knowledge to the system, which will have been captured in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F). In addition to actions identified in the Improvement Plan, an assessment of uncertainty was completed during the risk assessment. Identifying areas of uncertainty, investigative studies can target these areas to improve decision-making during the risk assessment.

9.2. Validation of Processes

Validation involves evaluating scientific and technical information available on processes and then undertaking investigations, where necessary, to validate system-specific operational procedures, critical limits and target criteria. The aim of process validation is to ensure effective operation and control.

Kyogle Council continuously monitors the water supply system to validate the on-going performance. Table 14 summarises the ways in which Kyogle Council validate their system.

Element 9 – Research and Development

12NS07-R89-1.0 25 December 2012

Table 14 Validation summary

Scheme Component Validation Effectiveness of preventative measures Operational monitoring

Regular review of results Critical limits and corrective actions Operational monitoring

Regular review of results CCP reporting Verification monitoring

Reticulation system controls Verification monitoring Whole of system Risk assessment process

DWMS development Regular review Audit processes

Both treatment plants, Bonalbo and Kyogle have been designed to ensure an adequate C.t. (concentration x time) is achieved for disinfection. The Bonalbo WTP is designed so that the clear water tank can only be drawn down to a predefined level, to ensure a 30 minute contact time (C.t.). The Kyogle WTP maintains a C.t. of 45 minutes based on tank volume and flow rates.

9.3. Design of Equipment

The selection and design of new equipment and infrastructure must be validated. Validation is also required to confirm design changes necessary to improve plant performance and control systems. To fulfil this requirement all new equipment installed is thoroughly validated. Validation details are identified during the design and commissioning process, as appropriate.

Element 10 – Documentation and Reporting

12NS07-R89-1.0 26 December 2012

10. Documentation and Reporting Appropriate documentation provides the foundation for the establishment and maintenance of effective drinking water quality management systems. Documentation should:

• demonstrate that a systematic approach is established and is implemented effectively • develop and protect the organisation’s knowledge base • provide an accountability mechanism and tool • facilitate review and audits by providing written evidence of the system • establish due diligence and credibility

10.1. Management of Documentation and Records

This DWMS identifies all documents and records that are required for the management of drinking water quality. Kyogle Council’s Record Management Plan (December 2008) identifies the policy for record keeping, including relevant legislation, standards and contacts. The purpose of the Record Management Plan is to ensure that full and accurate records of all activities and decisions of the Council are created, managed and retained or disposed of appropriately, and in accordance with relevant legislation.

10.2. Monitoring and Reporting

Kyogle Council monitor water quality performance in accordance with statutory requirements and as outlined in this DWMS.

Reporting includes the internal and external reporting of activities pertinent to the implementation and performance of drinking water quality management.

External reporting is undertaken when required by legislation and includes • NSW Health compliance reporting • Annual reporting under the Local Government Act 1993 (NSW) • NOW Water supply and sewerage performance and benchmarking reporting • State of the Environment reporting

Element 11 – Evaluation and Audit

12NS07-R89-1.0 27 December 2012

11. Evaluation and Audit Long-term evaluation of drinking water quality results and audit of drinking water quality management are required to determine whether preventive strategies are effective and whether they are being implemented appropriately. These reviews enable performance to be measured against objectives and help to identify opportunities for improvement.

11.1. Long-term Evaluation of Results

Water quality has been assessed as part of the risk assessment process and will continue to be reviewed on an annual basis and prior to the annual review of the Improvement Plan, budgeting process and strategic planning process. The long-term evaluation of results will include:

• critical control point performance • water quality data results • levels of service, including customer complaints

Reviews should take into consideration the requirements of the ADWG, levels of service, NSW Water Supply and Sewerage Performance Monitoring Reports.

11.2. Audit of Drinking Water Quality Management System

Auditing is the systematic evaluation of activities and processes to confirm that objectives are being met. It includes assessment of the implementation and capability of management systems. Auditing provides valuable information on those aspects of the system that are effective, as well as identifying opportunities for improvement.

Internal and external reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements to be developed by NSW Health. The requirements for undertaking audits of the DWMS will be captured in a formalised procedure as identified in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).

Internal audits should address:

• implementation of CCPs and responses to exceedences • operational control • progress against the Improvement Plan • record keeping • data collection and management, including NOW performance reporting requirements • compliance with the Fluoridation Act, Regulation and Codes of Practice.

External audits must be undertaken by independent auditors that are approved by NSW Health. Components of the DWMS will also be audited by NOW inspectors and NSW Health officers.

Element 12 – Review and Continual Improvement

12NS07-R89-1.0 28 December 2012

12. Review and Continual Improvement This DWMS will be reviewed annually to ensure management systems are effective and reflective of the drinking water supply system.

All management systems should be reviewed in accordance with the requirements of the Strategic Business Planning process,

12.1. Review by Senior Executive

Senior executive support, commitment and ongoing involvement are essential to the continual improvement of the organisation’s activities relating to drinking water quality. Senior executive should regularly review its approach to drinking water quality management, develop action plans and commit the resources necessary to improve operational processes and overall drinking water quality performance.

In order to ensure continual improvement the management review team will review the following, at least annually:

• audit reports • drinking water quality performance • previous management reviews • customer complaints • regulator and Stakeholder feedback • drinking water policy • changes to legislation, expectations and requirements • changes in the activities of the organisation • advances in science and technology • outcomes of drinking water quality incidents and emergencies • reporting and communication

Records of the review will be documented.

12.2. Drinking Water Management System Improvement Plan

An Improvement Plan has been developed to ensure continual improvement and is attached in Appendix F.

The Improvement Plan will be updated based on internal and external audit results, non-conformances and incident and emergency feedback.

Progress against the Improvement Plan will be monitored by the Manager Asset Services every six months.

References

12NS07-R89-1.0 29 December 2012

13. References Cardno MBK 2001, Urbenville, Woodenbong & Muli Muli Water Supply Augmentation Delivery Main Asset Report, Department of Land & Water Conservation and Tenterfield Shire Council and Kyogle Council, QLD.

Echelon Australia 2008, Emergency Risk Management Report, Kyogle Council, Local Emergency Management Committee, Kyogle NSW.

Kyogle Council 2010, Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant Final Desin Report and Operations Manual (Draft), Kyogle Council, NSW.

Kyogle Council 2008, Emergency Risk Management Report, Local Emergency Management Committee, Kyogle, NSW.

Kyogle Council 2012, Water Supply Asset Management Plan, Kyogle Council, Kyogle NSW.

MWH 2010, Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, Kyogle Council, New South Wales.

National Health & Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2004. National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. 6th Ed. Australia: NHMRC & NRMMC.

New South Wales Government, Department of Commerce 2003, Urbenville, Woodenbong and Muli Muli Water Supply Options Development Report, Ministry of Energy and Utilities Tenterfield Shire Council Kyogle Council, Sydney NSW.

New South Wales Department of Commerce 2005 Bonalbo Long Term Water Supply and Drought Strategy, Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability and Kyogle Council, NSW

New South Wales Government 2004, Integrated Water Cycle Management Guidelines for NSW Local Water Utilities, Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability, Sydney, NSW.

New South Wales Government 2010, Planning and Reporting Guidelines for Local Government in NSW, Division of Local Government, Department of Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, NSW.

New South Wales Government 2011, NSW Water Sewerage Business Planning Guidelines, NSW Office of Water, Sydney, NSW.

New South Wales Government 2012, NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems, New South Wales Health, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries – Office of Water, NSW.

Public Health Act 2010 (NSW), s. 15 (Austl.)

Public Health Regulation 2012 (NSW), p. 5 (Austl.)

Glossary

12NS07-R89-1.0 30 December 2012

Glossary

Word Description

ADWG Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, published by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).

Catchment Area of land that collects rainfall and contributes to surface water (streams, rivers, wetlands) or to groundwater.

Critical control point

A point, step or procedure at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level.

Critical limit A prescribed tolerance that must be met to ensure that a critical control point effectively controls a potential health hazard; a criterion that separates acceptability from unacceptability (adapted from Codex Alimentarius).

C.t. The product of residual disinfectant concentration (C) in milligrams per litre determined before or at taps providing water for human consumption, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (t) in minutes.

Disinfection The process designed to kill most microorganisms in water, including essentially all pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. There are several ways to disinfect, with chlorine being most frequently used in water treatment.

Distribution system A network of pipes leading from a treatment plant to customers’ plumbing systems.

Drinking water supply system

All aspects from the point of collection of water to the consumer (can include catchments, groundwater systems, source waters, storage reservoirs and intakes, treatment systems, service reservoirs and distribution systems, and consumers).

DWMS Drinking Water Management System Hazard A biological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that has the

potential to cause harm. Hazardous event An incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard

(what can happen and how). Inherent risk The risk in the source water without treatment barriers in place. Maximum risk Risk without existing barriers in place for example, treatment and/or

disinfection. This is the maximum level of risk and in most instances it is the same as the inherent risk. However, there are a number of parameters whereby the treatment process adds to the risk, these include hazards such as trihalomethanes and chlorine. Therefore maximum risk is the total of the inherent risk and the additional risks added during treatment.

Multiple barriers A series of barriers that ensure contaminants are at an acceptable level

Preventive measure Any planned action, activity or process that is used to prevent hazards from occurring or reduce them to acceptable levels.

Quality assurance All the planned and systematic activities implemented within a quality system, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfil requirements for quality (e.g. AS/NZS ISO 8402:1994).

Residual risk The risk remaining after consideration of existing preventive measures.

Glossary

12NS07-R89-1.0 31 December 2012

Risk The likelihood of a hazard causing harm in exposed populations in a specified time frame, including the magnitude of that harm.

Source water Water in its natural state, before any treatment to make it suitable for drinking.

Validation The substantiation by scientific evidence (investigative or experimental studies) of existing or new processes and the operational criteria to ensure capability to effectively control hazards.

Verification Assessment of the overall performance of the water supply system and the ultimate quality of drinking water being supplied to consumers; incorporates both drinking water quality monitoring and monitoring of consumer satisfaction.

Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 A December 2012

Appendix A

Risk Assessment Workshop Report

ss

Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems


December 2012

viridis.net.au




Citation: Kyogle Council, 2012, Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems - Risk Assessment Workshop Report, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.



12NS07-R82-1.0 i December 2012

Contents 1� Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1�

2� Risk Assessment Team ................................................................................................... 2�

3� Process ............................................................................................................................. 4�

3.1� Methodology ............................................................................................................ 4�

3.2� Information used to inform the risk assessment ...................................................... 5�

3.3� Undertaking the Risk Assessment ........................................................................... 6�

3.3.1� Inherent Risk ............................................................................................... 7�

3.3.2� Maximum Risk ............................................................................................. 7�

3.3.3� Residual Risk .............................................................................................. 8�

3.3.4� Risk Treatment ............................................................................................ 9�

4� Inherent, Maximum and Residual Risks ...................................................................... 10�

4.1� Kyogle Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................... 10�

4.2� Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................ 11�

4.3� Woodenbong/Muli Muli System ............................................................................. 13�

4.4� Distribution System ................................................................................................ 14�

4.5� Whole of System .................................................................................................... 14�

5� Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 16�

6� References ...................................................................................................................... 17�

Appendices Appendix A Kyogle Council Risk Assessment Workshop - Briefing Paper ............................. A

Appendix B Inherent Risk Register .......................................................................................... B

Appendix C Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Treatment ............................................. C

Appendix D Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Distribution ........................................... D

Appendix E Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Whole of system ................................... E


12NS07-R82-1.0 ii December 2012

Figures

Figure 1 Risk Relationship ........................................................................................................ 6�Figure 2 Inherent Risk Calculation ............................................................................................ 7�Figure 3 Maximum Risk Calculation ......................................................................................... 8�Figure 4 Residual Risk Calculation ........................................................................................... 9�Figure 6 Kyogle WTP Risk Distribution ................................................................................... 10�Figure 7 Bonalbo WTP Risk Distribution ................................................................................. 12�Figure 8 Distribution System Risk Distribution ........................................................................ 14�Figure 9 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk ........................................................ 15�Figure 10 Significant Risks in the Kyogle Council Water Supply System ............................... 16�

Tables

Table 1 Risk Assessment Team ............................................................................................... 2�Table 2 Risk Matrix ................................................................................................................... 4�Table 3 Consequence Descriptors ............................................................................................ 4�Table 4 Likelihood Descriptors .................................................................................................. 5�Table 5 Uncertainty Descriptors ................................................................................................ 5�Table 6 Kyogle WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes ................................................... 10�Table 7 Kyogle WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes .......................... 11�Table 8 Bonalbo WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes ................................................. 12�Table 9 Bonalbo WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes ........................ 12�Table 10 Distribution System Risk Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes ..... 14�Table 11 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes ................. 15�


12NS07-R82-1.0 iii December 2012



0.1 5/10/12 K.Pither 5/10/12 First Draft issued to Graham Kennett 0.2 11/10/2012 G. Kennet 11/10/2012 Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final


Name of project: Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems Name of document: Risk Assessment Workshop Report Document number R 82 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07


12NS07-R82-1.0 1 December 2012

1 Introduction This is the risk assessment report for the Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System (DWMS). The Public Health Act 2010 and the Public Health Regulation 2012 require all water suppliers to prepare a quality assurance program in the form of a DWMS. The DWMS must prepared in accordance with the NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems (2012) (the DWMS Guidelines) and address the elements of the national framework for drinking water quality, the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). An assessment of the drinking water supply system is required under Element 2. The DWMS guidelines state that

A risk assessment of the drinking water system must be undertaken:

• Assemble a team to undertake the risk assessment.

• Draw a flow diagram of the system from catchment to consumer.

• Review and analyse water quality data.

• Develop a workshop briefing paper.

• Hold a hazard identification, preventive measure identification and risk assessment workshop.

• Record the workshop outcomes in a Risk Assessment Report.

The risk assessment workshop briefing paper was prepared prior to the Kyogle Council risk assessment workshop and includes scheme descriptions, flow diagrams, scheme layout plans and the water quality analysis. The briefing paper is provided in Appendix A.

The risk assessment workshop was also used to identify critical control points (CCPs) to meet the requirements of Element 3, the results of the CPP identification are presented in the DWMS (reference).


12NS07-R82-1.0 2 December 2012

2 Risk Assessment Team A team was assembled to undertake the risk assessment that was judged to have appropriate knowledge and expertise to assess the risk for this system. This team included the operators and managers of the water supply system, catchment managers and officers from NSW Health and Office of Water.

In addition, James Howey for Viridis Consultants P/L (Viridis), an expert in the area of water quality risk assessment, directed and facilitated the risk assessment.

James is an Applied Chemist with a background in water and wastewater, specialising in risk assessment. His formal qualifications relevant to this task are as follows:

• BSc (Hons) Applied Chemistry • MSc (Hons) Environmental Management • RABQSA - Lead Drinking and Recycled Water QMS Auditor

Relevant experience prior to this risk assessment:

• water quality risk assessments of 40 SEQ WTPs • preparation of 3 drinking water quality management plans • preparation of 6 HACCP plans for WTPs • risk assessment and HACCP plan preparation for a wastewater catchment • preparation of recycled water management plans for 4 WWTPs • water quality risk assessment for the SEQ Water Grid, bulk water transport • water quality risk assessment of a retail water business.

Viridis had previously developed the methodology and a template in consultation with Kyogle Council. This was the starting point for the risk assessment workshops where expert opinion from the risk assessment team was used to review information in the briefing paper and add detail.

The workshop for the risk assessment was undertaken on 8 and 9 August 2012. Details of the workshop participants and the risk assessment team are in Table 1. Following completion of the draft risk register, the risk assessment team was invited to review the risk register and provide comment before finalisation.

Table 1 Risk Assessment Team

Name Company Position Experience

Graham Kennett Kyogle Council Manager Asset Services

15 years

John Murray Kyogle Council Water and Sewer O/S 17 years Stephen Reeves Kyogle Council Operator 3 years Travis Warren Kyogle Council Water Sewer Assets 1 years Mark Doolan Kyogle Council Water Operator 20 years Andrew Clark Kyogle Council Environmental Health

Officer 6 years

Paul Hernes Kyogle Council Plant Operator 3 months Ashley Walmsely Kyogle Council Water Sewer Operator 5 years Robert Butcher Kyogle Council Plant Operator 12.5 years Derryn Nix Kyogle Council Asset Works Engineer 8 years Chris Hennessey NSW Office of Water Manager Water supply and

distribution Terry Call NSW Office of Water Regional Inspector


12NS07-R82-1.0 3 December 2012

Name Company Position Experience

Geoff Sullivan NSW Health Environmental Health Officer

Public Health

James Howey Viridis Facilitator Chemist, RABQSA DW-QMS

Karen Pither Viridis Facilitator Water regulation, risk assessment


12NS07-R82-1.0 4 December 2012

3 Process

3.1 Methodology

The methodology used for the risk assessment is described in the DWMS. This includes a definition of the likelihood, consequence and risk level, an explanation of the acceptable risk level and the rationale for this selection.

The methodology is based on the premise that risk is defined as the likelihood of identified hazards causing harm in exposed populations in a specified timeframe, with consideration for the severity of the consequences (i.e. risk = likelihood x consequence) (NHMRC & NRMMC 2011). The risk matrix that was used to calculate risk is presented in Table 2, the consequence and likelihood descriptors are presented Table 3 and Table 4. The descriptors for uncertainty are presented Table 5.

Table 2 Risk Matrix


Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic

Almost certain Medium (6)

High (10)

High (15)

Extreme (20)

Extreme (25)

Likely Medium (5)

Medium (8)

High (12)

High (16)

Extreme (20)

Possible Low (3)

Medium (6)

Medium (9)

High (12)

High (15)

Unlikely Low (2)

Low (4)

Medium (6)

Medium (8)

High (10)

Rare Low (1)

Low (2)

Low (3)

Medium (5)

Medium (6)

Table 3 Consequence Descriptors

Consequence Descriptor Definition

1 Insignificant Isolated exceedence of aesthetic parameter with little or no disruption to normal operation

2 Minor Potential local aesthetic, isolated exceedence of chronic health parameter

3 Moderate Potential widespread aesthetic impact or repeated breach of chronic health parameter

4 Major Potential acute health impact, no declared outbreak expected

5 Catastrophic Potential acute health impact, declared outbreak expected


12NS07-R82-1.0 5 December 2012

Table 4 Likelihood Descriptors

Likelihood Descriptor Definition

1 Rare Occurs less than or equal to once every 5 years

2 Unlikely Occurs more often than once every 5 years and up to once per year

3 Possible Occurs more often than once per year and up to once a month (12/yr)

4 Likely Occurs more often than once per month (12/yr) and up to once per week (52/yr)

5 Almost Certain Occurs more often than once per week (52/yr)

Table 5 Uncertainty Descriptors

Level of Uncertainty Descriptor Definition

1 Certain • there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been trended and assessed, with at least daily monitoring

• the processes involved are thoroughly understood

2 Confident • there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been collated and assessed, with at least weekly monitoring or for the duration of seasonal events

• there is a considerable understanding of the processes involved 3 Reliable • there is at least a year of continuous monitoring data available,

which has been assessed • there is a good understanding of the processes involved

4 Estimate • there is limited monitoring data available • There is a reasonable understanding of the processes involved

5 Uncertain • there is limited or no monitoring data available • the processes are not well understood

3.2 Information used to inform the risk assessment

To assess the water supply system a range of background information was used to inform the risk assessment, including

• catchment characteristics and known land uses in the catchments (including aerial photography)

• process flow diagrams and scheme descriptions for each water supply scheme (Kyogle Water Treatment Plant (WTP), Bonalbo WTP and the Woodenbong/Muli Muli scheme)

• supply system layout plans • water quality data analysis for the raw water, filtered water, finished water and

distribution, where data was available. The water quality analysis provided information on: • trends • exceedences • major variations • abnormal results


12NS07-R82-1.0 6 December 2012

• low number of results or no results for some relevant characteristics • potential water quality issues

• Anecdotal information was gathered during the workshop from managers, operators and stakeholders based on experience and historical performance of the Kyogle Council supply system.

The background information is summarised in the Risk Assessment Briefing Paper (Appendix A). The water quality data analysis included calculation of descriptive statistics presented in summary tables and trending of relevant parameters over time. The results of the water quality data analysis are presented the risk assessment briefing paper.

The risk assessment workshop was also used to validate the process flow diagrams and scheme descriptions with operators of the system.

3.3 Undertaking the Risk Assessment

The risk register template was designed in order to provide a structure to assess the risk of hazards and hazardous events. There are three levels of risk as depicted in Figure 1, which includes a representation of the process that was undertaken to determine residual risk..

Figure 1 Risk Relationship

The three levels of risk for the Kyogle Council DWMS are summarised as follows: • inherent risk

• Richmond River • Peacock Creek • risk passed on from the Urbenville WTP

• maximum risk • inherent risk and the risk of hazards introduced through the treatment process,

distribution and scheme management • residual risk

• maximum risk after the preventive measures have been applied.

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12NS07-R82-1.0 7 December 2012

3.3.1 Inherent Risk

Inherent risk is the risk in the source water without treatment barriers in place. Each raw water source has different catchment characteristics and water quality hazards and were therefore assessed separately. The inherent risk was determined based on the water quality analysis and catchment characteristics described in the risk assessment briefing paper and anecdotal information provided and discussed at the workshop.

The inherent risk register is provided in Appendix B. The inherent risk was calculated for each hazard, depicted in the left-most column in Figure 2. Sources for each hazard were identified and recorded. Based on the water quality analysis and anecdotal information, consequence and likelihood values were determined and a risk score calculated using the risk matrix for all of the raw water sources. Notes in relation to this risk assessment were also captured.

Figure 2 Inherent Risk Calculation

3.3.2 Maximum Risk

Maximum risk is defined as the risk in the absence of preventative measures (NHMRC & NRMMC 2004). Maximum risk was calculated using the following process.

• Hazardous events were identified within the water supply system from raw water extraction to finished water supply points.

• All potential hazards were identified for each hazardous event. • The limiting hazard for each hazardous event was identified and the inherent risk for

the limiting hazard were used to determine the risk as well as any process introduced sources of the hazard.

Figure 3 demonstrates the process for determining the maximum risk for each hazardous event. As shown in Figure 3 the hazardous event for each water supply system were identified and assessed separately. Where the hazardous event was not applicable to the system, the row was shaded.

Co

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Like

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Ris

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Co

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Like

lihoo

d

Ris

k

Biological

Bacteria H

- Cattle - dairy & beef- Rural septics (Wiangaree township - Kyogle)- Wildlife- Stormwater (Wiangaree Lagoon overflows - Kyogle)- Recreation

Catastrophic Almost certain

Extreme (25) Catastrophic Almost

certainExtreme

(25)Previous monitoring program has detected E. coli in groundwater at depths of 20 m (in bores).

Cyanotoxins H - Nutrient sources- Wiangaree Lagoons (Kyogle) Minor Rare Low (2) Minor Rare Low (2) One incidence of an algal bloom in Peacock Creek and

Richmond River during drought (circa 2001)

Haz

ard

Imp

act

So

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Not

es

Richmond River (Kyogle)

Peacock Creek (Bonalbo)


12NS07-R82-1.0 8 December 2012

Figure 3 Maximum Risk Calculation

The risk registers for maximum and residual risk for treatment, distribution and whole of system are provided in Appendices C, D and E

3.3.3 Residual Risk

Residual risk is defined as the risk remaining after consideration of existing preventative measures (NHMRC & NRMMC 2011). Residual risk was calculated using the following process:

• Preventive measures were identified for each previously recorded hazardous event. Monitoring that may identify the hazardous event was also identified at this stage.

• Taking into consideration available information such as historical performance and monitoring data the adequacy of the preventative measures was discussed and the residual risk was calculated using the risk methodology.

• The level of uncertainty of the risk assessment was determined based on the limiting hazard using the risk assessment methodology.

• All comments were captured in the risk register.

Figure 4 demonstrates how the preventative measures were assessed to determine the residual risk.

Com

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Haz

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Even

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WTP

Lim

itin

g

Haz

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/s

Max

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qu

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Max

imu

mLi

kelih

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Max

imu

m

Ris

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Pot

enti

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Haz

ard

Kyogle Cyanotoxins Minor Rare Low (2)

Bonalbo Cyanotoxins Major Possible High (12)Sour

ce W

ater

Algal bloom in source water

Environmental conditions lead to algal bloom (e.g. low flows, high nutrients)

Cyanotoxins


12NS07-R82-1.0 9 December 2012

Figure 4 Residual Risk Calculation

3.3.4 Risk Treatment

The risk assessment methodology includes a level of acceptable risk, above this value risks are deemed to be significant. All remaining significant risks must have risk treatments applied to ensure that these risks are managed to an acceptable level. Following the calculation of residual risk, additional risk treatments were discussed and identified for each residual risk that was found to be above the cut off value. The additional risk treatments will be identified in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F, DWMS).

Max

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Pre

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Res

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Haz

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Even

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Low (2) PAC dosing on standby. Visual inspection Insignificant Rare Low (1)

High (12)

- Destratification system in Petrochilos Dam.- BGA protocols and required actions.- Selective harvesting of sources.

Monthly algae testing in Petrochilos Dam. Minor Rare Low (2)

Fi 4 R id l Ri k C l l ti

High (12)

- Destratification system in Petrochilos Dam.- BGA protocols and required actions.- Selective harvesting of sources

MonthlyDam.

Preventative measures identified for all hazardous events

Risk is reduced by the application of the preventative measures

- Destratification system- Destratification system


12NS07-R82-1.0 10 December 2012

4 Inherent, Maximum and Residual Risks

4.1 Kyogle Water Treatment Plant

Kyogle Water Treatment Plant (WTP) draws raw water from an on-stream storage behind an artificial weir on the Richmond River. Raw water data analysis and catchment characteristics, including upstream land uses were used to identify the inherent risks for the Richmond River Weir. Figure 5 depicts the distribution of inherent, maximum and residual risk for the Kyogle WTP. It can be seen that prior to the application of preventative measures, the maximum risk was outside the acceptable range for a high proportion of hazardous events. The residual risk pie chart demonstrates that whilst significant risks remain, a number of high and medium (≥8) are reduced to and an acceptable low or medium (<8) risk.

Figure 5 Kyogle WTP Risk Distribution

Table 6 summarises the inherent risks for each hazard identified for the Richmond River raw water source that were found to be outside the acceptable risk range. It can be seen that microbiological hazards were found to pose the highest risk to drinking water quality and these were often considered to be the limiting hazard for hazardous events (refer to Risk Register, Appendix C, D and E).

Table 6 Kyogle WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes

Hazard Inherent Risk

Bacteria Extreme (25) Protozoa Extreme (25) Viruses Extreme (20) Aluminium High (12) Iron High (15) Manganese High (15) Colour High (15) Taste and odour High (15) Turbidity High (15)

Table 7 identifies the hazardous events that were found to have a maximum risk that was outside the acceptable range and the preventative measures that are applied to reduce the residual risk. As shown in Table 7, there are a number of residual risks that are outside the acceptable risk range that required additional risk treatments. The additional risk treatments will be addressed in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F, DWMS).

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12NS07-R82-1.0 11 December 2012

Table 7 Kyogle WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes

Hazardous Event Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures Residual Risk

Out of Specification Source Water (treatment processes cannot treat)

Extreme (20) WTP is manned 7 days/week

High (12)

Under dosing alum Extreme (20) WTP is manned 7 days/week 2 dosing pumps at same location (2 duty, 1 standby)

Medium (8)

Over dosing alum (Kyogle) Medium (8) WTP is manned 7 days/week Loading valve on dose line

Medium (5)

Inadequate solids removal High (16) WTP is manned 7 days/week High (12) Filter break-through Extreme (20) WTP is manned 7 days/week

Backwashing 3 times/week as a minimum Backwashing more frequently based on raw water turbidity

High (12)

Overdosing of Fluoride Medium (9) Inherent system design in accordance with Fluoride Code Plant can be shut down independent of treatment processes

Low (2)

Failure of treated water pH correction (Caustic dosing)

Medium (8) Dose pump is not of sufficient size to overdose Dose is adjusted to a pH set point

Low (2)

Insufficient chlorine Ct (concentration x time)

High (15) Online chlorine monitoring instrument with alarm Capacity in reservoirs to allow for correction

Medium (5)

Over dose of chlorine Medium (9) Online chlorine monitoring instrument with alarm Capacity in reservoirs to allow for correction

Medium (6)

4.2 Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant

Bonalbo WTP draws raw water from Peacock Creek. Figure 6 summarises the proportion of inherent, maximum and residual risks for the Bonalbo WTP. The inherent risks were determined based on catchment characteristics, historical performance and operator knowledge. The maximum risk pie chart that prior to the application of preventative measures, the maximum risk was outside the acceptable range for a high proportion of hazardous events. The residual risk pie chart demonstrates that all of the high risks were reduced to at least a medium risk, however one risk remains above the acceptable risk range (medium ≥8) and will require additional risk treatment.


12NS07-R82-1.0 12 December 2012

Figure 6 Bonalbo WTP Risk Distribution

Table 8 summarises the hazards and inherent risks for the Bonalbo WTP that were found to be outside the acceptable risk range. As with Kyogle WTP, microbiological hazards were found to pose the highest risk to drinking water quality and these were often considered to be the limiting hazard for hazardous events.

Table 8 Bonalbo WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes

Hazard Inherent Risk

Bacteria Extreme (25) Protozoa Extreme (20) Viruses High (10) Iron High (15) Manganese High (15) Colour High (15) Taste and odour High (15) Total dissolved solids High (12) Turbidity High (15)

Table 9 identifies the hazardous events that were found to have a maximum risk that was outside the acceptable range and the preventative measures that are applied to reduce the residual risk to an acceptable level.

Table 9 Bonalbo WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes



Destratification Failure Medium (8) Standby compressor at plant Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)

Medium (5)

Algal bloom in source water

High (12) Destratification system in Petrochilos Dam BGA protocols and required actions Selective harvesting of sources

Low (2)

Out of Specification Source Water (treatment processes cannot treat)

High (15) Off stream storage Selective harvesting of sources Back up source - bore

Medium (5)

Failure of the potassium permanganate dosing

Medium (9) Pre-set dosing setpoint Destratification ensures a constant raw water quality Alarm on pump failure

Low (2)

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12NS07-R82-1.0 13 December 2012



Under dosing alum (Kyogle) or ferric chloride (Bonalbo)

High (15) Duty standby pumps Fixed dose rate Constant flow rate due to feedback on flow meter and VSD pump control and orifice plate Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)

Medium (5)

Over dosing alum (Kyogle) or ferric chloride Bonalbo)

High (15) Duty standby pumps Fixed dose rate Constant flow rate due to feedback on flow meter and VSD pump control and orifice plate Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)

Medium (5)

Failure of the flocculation

Medium (8) WTP is manned 7 days/week Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)

Medium (5)

Failure of the DAFF unit Medium (8) WTP is manned 7 days/week Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU) Plant shutdown on low air pressure Duty/standby air compressor

Medium (5)

Filter break-through High (15) Plant shut down on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU) Backwash on time, headloss and turbidity Ripening of filter to waste

Medium (5)

Overdosing of Fluoride Medium (9) Inherent system design in accordance with Fluoride Code Plant can be shut down independent of treatment processes

Low (2)

Failure of treated water pH correction (Caustic dosing)

High (12) Feedback loop linked to online pH meter Medium (9)

Insufficient chlorine Ct (concentration x time)

High (15) Fixed rate dosing (1.4 mg/L) Duty standby pumps SCADA alarms on low chlorine (0.75 mg/L)

Medium (5)

4.3 Woodenbong/Muli Muli System

The Woodenbong/Muli Muli system is serviced by a joint water supply with Tenterfield Shire Council. Treated water is supplied by Tenterfield Shire Council to Kyogle Council from the Urbenville WTP. Tenterfield Shire operates the WTP and water is supplied to Kyogle Council to the villages of Muli Muli and Woodenbong under the Joint Water Supply Agreement (the UMMWWS Agreement). Kyogle Council does not control raw water collection or treatment processes. The risks associated with the distribution of water for this system were assessed as part of the distribution system as a whole.


12NS07-R82-1.0 14 December 2012

4.4 Distribution System

Figure 7 summaries the risk calculations for the distribution system and indicates that there is one unacceptable residual risks that will require an additional risk treatment.

Figure 7 Distribution System Risk Distribution

Table 10 provides a summary of the risk assessment outcomes and indicates that there is one unacceptable risk remaining in the distribution system that require additional risk treatments to manage the risk and bring the residual risk down to an acceptable level. Risk treatments are addressed in the improvement program (Appendix F, DWMS) Table 10 Distribution System Risk Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes



Contamination of reservoirs due to access by third parties

High (12) No access granted to third parties (telecommunications etc) Secure reservoir access step ladders in man proof enclosures Locked hatches Chlorine residual

Medium (5)

Stagnation in reserviors Medium (8) No current preventative measures Medium (8) Contamination by vermin Medium (8) Vermin proofing on all reserviors

Chlorine residual in reserviors Medium (5)

Ingress of contaminants non-potable water

Medium (8) Constant pressure in pipe line Spring loaded air valves Covered pits Flushing process following repairs Residual in reticulation

Medium (5)

Stagnant water in pipelines High (12) Regular program of flushing identified dead ends (every 6 - 8 weeks)

Medium (5)

4.5 Whole of System

Whole of system hazardous events were identified and analysed to determine where organisational issues may result in a water quality risk. Figure 8 indicates that the maximum risk is high for a number of hazardous events in the Kyogle Council organisation. The residual risk pie chart demonstrates that one residual risk remains above the acceptable limit.

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12NS07-R82-1.0 15 December 2012

Figure 8 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk

Table 11 identifies the outcomes of the risk maximum and residual risk assessment and the preventative measures that are in place to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. One residual risk remains high and will require an additional risk treatment. Table 11 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes



Formation of disinfection by-products

Medium (9) Filtration to remove precursors (organics) Coagulation

Low (4)

Lack of training High (12) All operators have or are in training for Cert III or above Cert IV for senior operators On the job training and informal mentoring

Medium (5)

Lack of resources High (12) Adequate budgeting Forward and strategic planning Asset management planning Recruitment of long term local residents

Medium (5)

Supply of non compliant water from Urbenville WTP

High (15) Formal agreement for supply from Tenterfield Council Rechlorination at booster pump station upstream of Muli Muli Integrated telemetry system to monitor Urbenville New treatment plant

Medium (8)

Lack of hygiene during operation and maintenance

High (12) Operator awareness, training and risk awareness No equivalent componentry between the STP and WTP so often equipment is completely different Personal hygiene through training

Medium (5)

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12NS07-R82-1.0 16 December 2012

5 Discussion Hazards that have been identified as being significant at each stage of the risk assessment are shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9 Significant Risks in the Kyogle Council Water Supply System

The first principle of the ADWG is: The greatest risks to consumers of drinking water are pathogenic microorganisms. Protection of water sources and treatment are of paramount importance and must never be compromised.

The risk assessment process identified a number of residual risks that are above the acceptable range for the Kyogle Council water supply. The majority of these risks are related to the age and functionality of the infrastructure and do not indicate water quality issues, rather, areas for improvement. A number of the unacceptable risks will be managed with the Kyogle water supply augmentation project which will include preventative measures such as online monitoring and alarms that will trigger auto shuts downs. The additional risk treatments are detailed the Improvement Plan (Appendix F, DWMS).

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12NS07-R82-1.0 17 December 2012

6 References MWH 2010, Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, Kyogle Council, New South Wales.

National Health & Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2004. National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. 6th Ed. Australia: NHMRC.

New South Wales Government 2012, NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems, New South Wales Health, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries – Office of Water, New South Wales.

Public Health Act 2010 (NSW), s. 15 (Austl.)

Public Health Regulation 2012 (NSW), p. 5 (Austl.)


12NS07-R82-1.0 18 December 2012

Glossary ADWG Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, published by the National

Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Catchment Area of land that collects rainfall and contributes to surface water

(streams, rivers, wetlands) or to groundwater. Critical control point

A point, step or procedure at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level.

Disinfection The process designed to kill most microorganisms in water, including essentially all pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. There are several ways to disinfect, with chlorine being most frequently used in water treatment.

DWMS Drinking Water Management System Hazard A biological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that has the

potential to cause harm. Hazardous event An incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard

(what can happen and how). Inherent risk The risk in the source water without treatment barriers in place. Maximum risk Risk without existing barriers in place for example, treatment and/or

disinfection. This is the maximum level of risk and in most instances it is the same as the inherent risk. However, there are a number of parameters whereby the treatment process adds to the risk, these include hazards such as trihalomethanes and chlorine. Therefore maximum risk is the total of the inherent risk and the additional risks added during treatment.

Preventive measure

Any planned action, activity or process that is used to prevent hazards from occurring or reduce them to acceptable levels.

Residual risk The risk remaining after consideration of existing preventive measures. Risk The likelihood of a hazard causing harm in exposed populations in a

specified time frame, including the magnitude of that harm. Source water Water in its natural state, before any treatment to make it suitable for

drinking.


12NS07-R82-1.0 A December 2012

Appendix A

Kyogle Council Risk Assessment Workshop - Briefing Paper

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Kyogle CouncilRisk Assessment Workshop Materials

Table of Contents

1� Risk Assessment Methodology ............................................................................................... 2�

2� Background ................................................................................................................................ 3�2.1� Kyogle Council ................................................................................................................ 3�2.2� Kyogle System ................................................................................................................ 3�2.3� Bonalbo System .............................................................................................................. 4�2.4� Woodenbong/Muli Muli System ....................................................................................... 5�

3� Schematics ................................................................................................................................. 7�

4� Process Flow Diagrams .......................................................................................................... 11�

5� Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 25�

Risk Assessment Methodology

Likelihood

Almost certain

Likely

Possible

Unlikely

Rare

Consequence

Catastrophic

Major

Moderate

Minor

Insignificant

Insignificant Minor Moderate Major CatastrophicAlmost certain Medium (6) High (10) High (15) Extreme (20) Extreme (25)

Likely Medium (5) Medium (8) High (12) High (16) Extreme (20)

Possible Low (3) Medium (6) Medium (9) High (12) High (15)

Unlikely Low (2) Low (4) Medium (6) Medium (8) High (10)

Rare Low (1) Low (2) Low (3) Medium (5) Medium (6)

Uncertainty

Certain

Confident

Reliable

Estimate

Uncertain

Potential acute health impact, declared outbreak expected.

Potential acute health impact, no declared outbreak expected.

Description

Potential widespread aesthetic impact or repeated breach of chronic health parameter.

Potential local aesthetic, isolated exceedence of chronic health parameter.


There is at least a year of continuous monitoring data available, which has been assessed; orThere is a reasonable understanding of the processes involved.

Isolated exceedence of aesthetic parameter with little or no disruption to normal operation

There is limited monitoring data available; orThere is a limied understanding of the processes involved.

There is limited or no monitoring data available; orThe processes are not well understood.

Description

There is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been trended and assessed, with at least daily monitoring; orThe processes involved are thoroughly understood.

There is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been collated and assessed, with at least weekly monitoring or for the duration of seasonal events; orThere is a good understanding of the processes involved.

Occurs less than or equal to once every 5 years

ExampleDescriptionIs expected to occurin most circumstancesWill probably occur in most circumstancesMight occur or should occur at some time

Could occur at some time

May occur only in exceptional circumstances

Occurs more often than once per week (52/yr)

Occurs more often than once per month (12/yr) and up to once per week (52/yr)Occurs more often than once per year and up to once a month (12/yr)Occurs more often than once every 5 years and up to once per year

Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment

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August 2012 August 2012

2 Background

2.1 Kyogle Council

Kyogle Council operates three water supplies servicing around four thousand people in the township of Kyogle and the villages of Bonalbo and Woodenbong, and the aboriginal community of Muli Muli.

2.2 Kyogle System

Kyogle is located in the Richmond River catchment, and the water supply consists of an on-stream storage and filtered supply serving approximately 3,000 persons.

The Richmond River catchment has an area of over 70000km2 and a population of approximately 100 000. Kyogle lies in the upper reaches of the Richmond River, including sub catchments of Grady’s Creek, Roseberry Creek, Eden Creek, Toonumbar Area, Doubtful Creek and Fawcetts Creek. The north and west areas are flanked by steep slopes while the southern area ranges from undulating to flat.

Kyogle’s geology is derived from the Tertiary Lamington Volcanics, with basaltic or sedimentary parent materials. The major soil types in the area are red brown earths, yellow red contrast soils and red clay loams, with impacts including gully erosion and soil acidification.

The primary land uses in the Kyogle is agriculture and forestry, with the major agriculture type being beef, dairy and pigs. Urban development is low density, in small towns.

The Kyogle Water Supply System is summarised as

• On stream storage behind artificial weir in the Richmond River of 25ML

• Raw water pump station at weir 68L/s

• Water Treatment Plant 3ML/day, (flocculation/sedimentation/gravity sand filters train 1.5ML/day) and (flocculation/clarification/pressure filter train 1.5ML/d), fluoridation and chlorination

• Clear water pumping station 54L/s

• Hill Street Reservoir 1.5ML

• Mount Street Reservoir 2.2ML and James Street Reservoir 1.1ML

• 1209 residential connections

• 275 non-residential connections

• 44km of reticulation mains

• Approximate population serviced by water supply – 3,200

• Original construction date 1933, augmentation in 1956


4 R70 0.1


2.3 Bonalbo System

Bonalbo is located in the Clarence Catchment, and the water supply consists of brand new WTP fed from an off stream storage with water sourced from Peacock Creek, a groundwater bore, and the off-stream storage catchment, serving approximately 400 persons.

The village of Bonalbo is within the Peacock Creek catchment, which is part of the greater Clarence River catchment area. The Peacock Creek catchment covers an area of 170km2 (120km2 upstream of Bonalbo) with the Bonalbo urban footprint covering less than 1.0 km2 of the catchment area.

The catchment area upstream of the Bonalbo Peacock Creek extraction point has a mixture of rural developments and farming, with a large proportion of native trees and in the upper parts of the catchment, the Toonumbar National Park. The geology of the Clarence catchment is derived from Main Range, Focal Peak and Tweed Volcanics.

The primary land uses in the catchment area include national parks, agriculture and forestry, with the major agriculture type being beef, dairy and pigs.

The Bonalbo Water Supply System is summarised as

• River bed extraction system Peacock Creek

• Raw water pumping station 3L/s

• Bore at river extraction point 1L/s

• Off-stream storage (Petrochilos Dam) 45ML

• Raw water pump station 5.7L/s

• Water Treatment Plant 0.3ML/day flocculation, DAF and gravity sand filter, fluoridation and chlorination

• Clear water pumping station 4.7L/s

• Bonalbo Reservoir 0.9ML

• 165 residential connections

• 37 non-residential connections

• 7km of reticulation mains

• 2km trunk mains

• Approximate population serviced by water supply – 350

• Original construction 1966, Water Treatment Plant constructed 2010


5 R70 0.1


2.4 Woodenbong/Muli Muli System

Woodenbong/Muli Muli – serviced by a joint water supply with Tenterfield Shire Council for the village of Urbenville, consisting of a brand new WTP and an on stream storage behind a natural weir on Tooloom Creek, in the upper Clarence Catchment, serving approximately 600 persons (Kyogle LGA) and 400 persons (Tenterfield LGA).

Tooloom Creek starts near Lindesay Creek at an elevation of 399m and ends at an elevation of 197m flowing into the Clarence River. The Tooloom Creek drops around 202m over its 68.2km length. The creeks and rivers flow into the Tooloom Creek include Boomi Creek, Beaury Creek and Grahams Creek. The Headwater are in Yabbra State Forest and Yabbra National Park. The land uses in the catchment include forestry, dairy and cattle grazing and other agricultural uses.

The Woodenbong/Muli Muli Scheme is summarised as

• On stream storage behind natural weir on Tooloom Creek of 160ML (Tenterfield LGA)

• Raw water pumping station 9L/s (Tenterfield LGA)

• 0.7ML/day Water Treatment Plant, flocculation, DAF over sand filter, fluoridation (Tenterfield LGA)

• Clear water pumping station 12L/s (Tenterfield LGA)

• Urbenville Reservoir 0.9ML (Tenterfield LGA)

• Booster Pump Station 12L/s and re-chlorination (Kyogle LGA)

• Woodenbong Reservoir 0.7ML (Kyogle LGA)

• 179 residential connections (Kyogle LGA)

• 68 non-residential connections (Kyogle LGA)

• 6km of reticulation mains (Kyogle LGA)

• 9.5km trunk mains in Kyogle LGA

• 7km trunk mains within Tenterfield LGA

• Approximate population serviced by water supply – Woodenbong 400, Muli Muli 220, Urbenville 280

• Original Construction 1965, Water Treatment Plant constructed 2010

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7 R70 0.1


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12NS07-R82-1.0 B December 2012

Appendix B

Inherent Risk Register

Con

seq

uen

ce

Like

lihoo

d

Ris

k

Con

seq

uen

ce

Like

lihoo

d

Ris

k

Biological

Bacteria H



Extreme (25) Catastrophic Almost

certainExtreme

(25)Previous monitoring program has detected E. coli in groundwater at depths of 20 m (in bores).

Cyanotoxins H - Nutrient sources- Wiangaree Lagoons (Kyogle) Minor Rare Low (2) Minor Rare Low (2) One incidence of an algal bloom in Peacock Creek and

Richmond River during drought (circa 2001)

Free Living Pathogens(Naglaria & Legionella) H Elevated water temperature Catastrophic Rare Medium

(6) Catastrophic Rare Medium (6) No known incidences in region

Problem alga/ bacteria/ macrophytes A Environmental conditions Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1)

Water lettuce occurs in the headwaters of Peacock Creek - has been controlled in the catchment (Far North Coast Weeds)

Protozoa H



Extreme (25) Catastrophic Likely Extreme

(20)

1 dairy in Peacock Creek and 1 in Gorge CreeksA number of dairies and septic systems in Richmond catchment, including Wiangaree Township

Viruses H

- Rural septics (Wiangaree township - Kyogle)- Wildlife- Stormwater (Wiangaree Lagoon overflows - Kyogle)- Recreation

Catastrophic Likely Extreme (20) Catastrophic Unlikely High (10) Bonalbo catchment has very few apparent human sources of

virus

ChemicalAluminium A Local geology Moderate Likely High (12) Minor Unlikely Low (4) Aluminium detected at concentrations up to 16.8 mg/L in the

raw water at Kyogle.

Arsenic H- Local geology- Disused cattle dips- Sawmill Grevillia (Kyogle)

Minor Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Previous dip sites in all catchments (3 in Bonalbo supply).

Cadmium H Grevillia sawmill (Kyogle) Minor Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Previous land useChlorine H No sources N/A N/A #N/A N/A N/A #N/A No upstream STPsCopper H Grevillia sawmill (Kyogle) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Historical CCA treatment at Grevillia sawmillDisinfection by-products (e.g. THMs, NDMA & HAAs)

H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No upstream water or sewage treatment.

Fluoride H Naturally occurring Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue

Hydrocarbons H - Road run-off- Diesel pumps Minor Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1)

Fuel slick observed at Bailey's Bridge once previouslyGas mining test bore has previously been drilled in Bonalbo catchment. Bore currently capped but gas was detected.

Hydrogen sulphide/ sulphide A/H Ground water Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No odours detected from bore water.

Iron A Natural geology Moderate Almost certain High (15) Moderate Almost

certain High (15) Total iron detected in the raw water at Kyogle at a maximum of 30 mg/L and expected to be similar at Bonalbo.

Lead H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No monitoring available at time of risk assessment.

Manganese A/H Natural geology Moderate Almost certain High (15) Moderate Almost

certain High (15) Almost certain above the aesthetic value.

Mercury H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No monitoring available at time of risk assessment.Nickel H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No monitoring available at time of risk assessment.

Nitrate & nitrite H- Agricultural run-off- Septic systems- Dairy

Minor Unlikely Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1)One incidence of high nutrients detected in a deep pool during a dry period attributed to a dairy farm directly upstream of monitoring point and very low to no flows in Peacock Creek

Pesticides (all types) H - Agriculture- Forestry Minor Rare Low (2) Minor Unlikely Low (4)

One detection of pesticides at Kyogle Weir, result was under guideline valuesPesticides are expected to be used in plantations only during establishment

Pharmaceuticals and EDCs H Septic systems Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue

Sodium A No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Minor Rare Low (2) Not considered an issueSulphate H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue

Toxins (unknown contaminant) H

- Intentional contamination- Backflow- Accidental chemical spill

Catastrophic Rare Medium (6) Catastrophic Rare Medium

(6)Intentional contamination could be catastrophic, however, no issues identified.

Zinc H Storm water Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue

Haz

ard

Imp

act

Sou

rce

Not

es

Richmond River (Kyogle) Peacock Creek (Bonalbo)

Con

seq

uen

ce

Like

lihoo

d

Ris

k

Con

seq

uen

ce

Like

lihoo

d

Ris

k

Haz

ard

Imp

act

Sou

rce

Not

es

Richmond River (Kyogle) Peacock Creek (Bonalbo)

PhysicalColour A Naturally occurring Moderate Almost

certain High (15) Moderate Almost certain High (15) Colour detected in Kyogle raw water at a maximum of 447 HU

DO A No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issueHardness A Naturally occurring Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issueCorrosivity (low LSI) A Natural soft water Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issuepH A Naturally occurring Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issueRadiological H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue

Reduced output volume - N/A N/A N/A #N/A N/A N/A #N/A Hazard used for system failure

Taste and odour A Suspended solids Moderate Almost certain High (15) Moderate Almost

certain High (15) Less taste and odour complaints since commissioning new plants at Bonalbo and Woodenbong.

Total dissolved solids Natural geology Insignificant Rare Low (1) Moderate Likely High (12) TDS detected at 130 to 235 mg/L in Kyogle raw water source.

Turbidity A Naturally occurringStorm events Moderate Almost

certain High (15) Moderate Almost certain High (15) Maximum turbidity at Kyogle raw water source 125 NTU.


12NS07-R82-1.0 C December 2012

Appendix C

Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Treatment

Trea

tmen

t - M

axim

um &

Res

idua

l Ris

k

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

WTP

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood

Hazardous Event Risk

Comments

Level of Uncertainty

Risk Treatments

Kyog

leN/

AN/

AN/

A#N

/AN/

AN/

AN/

AN/

A#N

/AN/

AN/

AN/

A

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaMa

jorUn

likely

Medi

um

(8)

- Stan

dby c

ompr

esso

r at

plant.

- Plan

t shu

tdown

on

treate

d wate

r tur

bidity

(0.8

NTU)

.

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g of r

aw w

ater

turbid

ity.

- Dail

y visu

al ins

pecti

on of

Petr

ochil

os

Dam.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

- Prio

r to i

nstal

ling t

he de

strati

ficati

on in

Petr

ochil

os D

am,

there

wer

e iss

ues w

ith fil

ter br

eakth

roug

h, re

sultin

g in d

irty

water

comp

laints

.- M

ini tu

rnov

ers s

till oc

cur w

ith de

strati

ficati

on sy

stem,

pa

rticula

rly fo

llowi

ng co

ld nig

hts. R

aw w

ater t

urbid

ity ha

s inc

reas

ed to

11 N

TU in

the i

nstan

ce of

a tur

nove

r.- A

fter a

turn

over,

coag

ulant

dose

wou

ld ne

ed to

be al

tered

.- F

iltere

d wate

r tur

bidity

brea

kthro

ugh t

rigge

rs a b

ack w

ash

at 0.8

NTU

and w

ill no

t allo

w re

char

ge of

clea

r wate

r tan

k un

til tur

bidity

reac

hes 0

.4 NT

U. If

0.4 N

TU ca

nnot

be

achie

ved,

plant

will a

larm

and r

equir

e man

ual a

ltera

tion.

- Alga

e is n

ot co

nside

red a

risk i

n Pea

cock

Cre

ek, b

ut ma

y be

come

and i

ssue

in P

etroc

hilos

Dam

.

Confi

dent

Trial

redu

ction

of ba

ckwa

sh se

tpoint

to

0.5 N

TU to

achie

ve co

mplia

nce w

ith

ADW

G re

quire

ments

for e

ffecti

ve

disinf

ectio

n.

Kyog

leCy

anoto

xins

Mino

rRa

reLo

w (2

)PA

C do

sing o

n stan

dby.

Visu

al ins

pecti

onIns

ignific

ant

Rare

Low

(1)

One i

ncide

nce o

f alga

e in t

he w

eir du

ring l

ow flo

ws, w

hich

trigge

red t

he in

stalla

tion o

f a P

AC pl

ant. R

ainfal

l eve

nt oc

curre

d befo

re pl

ant w

as tu

rned

on, n

o fur

ther in

ciden

ces

of alg

ae de

tected

. PAC

plan

t is on

stan

dby i

f req

uired

.

Confi

dent

N/A

Bona

lbo

Cyan

otoxin

sMa

jorPo

ssibl

eHi

gh (1

2)

- Des

tratifi

catio

n sys

tem in

Pe

troch

ilos D

am.

- BGA

proto

cols

and

requ

ired a

ction

s.- S

electi

ve ha

rvesti

ng of

so

urce

s.

Month

ly alg

ae te

sting

in P

etroc

hilos

Da

m.Mi

nor

Rare

Low

(2)

- Prio

r to d

estra

tifica

tion,

algal

bloom

s wou

ld be

pres

ent fo

r up

to 4

month

s in P

etroc

hilos

Dam

.- D

etecte

d at e

levate

d lev

els in

the d

am bu

t did

not h

ave

incide

nce o

f toxin

s in d

istrib

ution

to w

arra

nt ce

asing

supp

ly.- N

il cou

nts si

nce d

estra

tifica

tion.

- BGA

proto

cols.

- Kyo

gle pa

rticipa

tes in

Reg

ional

Alga

l Coo

rdina

tion

Comm

ittee (

RACC

).

Certa

inN/

A

Kyog

leBa

cteria

Catas

troph

icLik

elyEx

trem

e (2

0)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k- S

hutdo

wn tr

igger

ed by

mo

nitor

ing

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g (tur

bidity

, pH,

ch

lorine

) - no

t alar

med o

r link

ed to

PL

C- W

eekly

bacto

testi

ng- V

isual

inspe

ction

of ra

w wa

ter so

urce

Major

Poss

ible

High

(12)

- At p

rese

nt, du

ring t

imes

of st

orm

even

ts, th

ere a

re no

ala

rms t

o noti

fy the

oper

ators

that th

e raw

wate

r is ou

t of

spec

ificati

on. T

his is

mor

e imp

ortan

t whe

n the

WTP

is

unma

nned

(a/h)

. W

ith di

rty w

ater b

reak

throu

gh, th

ere c

an

be ba

cteria

and p

rotoz

oa in

addit

ion to

high

turb

idity,

limitin

g dis

infec

tion.

Confi

dent

- Wate

r sup

ply au

gmen

tation

(long

term

).- R

eview

optio

ns fo

r SMS

alar

ms on

ra

w wa

ter tu

rbidi

ty to

adjus

t alum

dose

or

shut

down

(shor

t term

).

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- Off s

tream

stor

age

- Sele

ctive

harve

sting

of

sour

ces

- Bac

k up s

ource

- bo

re

- Dail

y visu

al ins

pecti

on of

Pea

cock

Cr

eek a

nd P

etroc

hilos

Dam

- Dail

y ope

ratio

nal m

onito

ring

- Wee

kly ba

cto te

sting

- Wea

ther o

bser

vatio

n- D

aily r

ainfal

l reco

rding

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

- Ope

rator

s are

expe

rienc

ed an

d can

iden

tify is

sues

with

tre

atmen

t pro

cess

es.

- Rar

e like

lihoo

d was

base

d on t

he co

nseq

uenc

e of o

ut of

spec

ificati

on w

ater a

ffecti

ng tr

eatm

ent p

roce

sses

and f

inal

water

quali

ty.

Certa

inN/

A

Kyog

leAl

umini

umMi

nor

Rare

Low

(2)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g (tur

bidity

, pH,

ch

lorine

) - no

t alar

med o

r link

ed to

PL

C.'- D

aily v

isual

inspe

ction

of W

TP

treatm

ent p

roce

sses

.

Mino

rRa

reLo

w (2

)- N

atura

lly oc

curri

ng ch

ange

s in p

H.- R

aw w

ater p

H ha

s bee

n sho

wn to

have

pH el

evate

d abo

ve

8.2 at

times

.Ce

rtain

N/A

Bona

lbo

N/A

N/A

N/A

#N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

#N/A

Raw

water

pH is

stab

le - t

his is

not a

n iss

ue fo

r Bon

albo

N/A

N/A

Risk T-2

Potential Hazard

Risk T-4

Raw Water

pH ch

ange

in ra

w wa

ter

pH ab

ove o

ptimu

m ra

nge

for al

um flo

ccula

tion

- T&O

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Alum

inium

(K

yogle

)- I

ron

- Man

gane

se

- T&O

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Man

gane

se- I

ron

- Iro

n- M

anga

nese

- T&O

- Tur

bidity

- Cya

notox

ins- B

acter

ia- V

irus

- Pro

tozoa

Risk T-1

Source Water

Dest

ratif

icatio

n Fa

ilure

Destr

atific

ation

unit f

ails t

o pr

even

t a ro

ll ove

r in of

f str

eam

stora

ge

Risk T-3

Source Water

Out o

f Spe

cifica

tion

Sour

ce W

ater

(tr

eatm

ent p

roce

sses

ca

nnot

trea

t)

A so

urce

wate

r use

d tha

t ex

ceed

s the

trea

tmen

t ca

pacit

y , le

ading

tre

atmen

t failu

re (e

.g.

storm

)

Source Water

Alga

l blo

om in

so

urce

wat

er

Envir

onme

ntal c

ondit

ions

lead t

o alga

l bloo

m (e

.g.

low flo

ws, h

igh nu

trients

)Cy

anoto

xins

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

WTP

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood


Comments


Risk Treatments

Potential Hazard

Kyog

leN/

AN/

AN/

A#N

/AN/

AN/

AN/

AN/

A#N

/AKy

ogle

does

not d

ose w

ith po

tassiu

m pe

rman

gana

teN/

AN/

A

Bona

lbo

Mang

anes

eMo

dera

tePo

ssibl

eMe

dium

(9

)

- Pre

set d

osing

setpo

int.

- Des

tratifi

catio

n ens

ures

a c

onsta

nt ra

w wa

ter

quali

ty.- A

larm

on pu

mp fa

ilure

.

- Dail

y visu

al ins

pecti

on.

- Wee

kly in

-hou

se te

sting

of

mang

anes

e in t

reate

d wate

r.Mi

nor

Rare

Low

(2)

- Dos

ing de

sign b

ased

on ra

w wa

ter qu

ality.

- Pro

cess

refin

ed du

ring c

ommi

ssion

ing.

- One

pump

for p

otass

ium pe

rman

gana

te (d

uty on

ly) bu

t co

uld us

e spa

re ch

lorine

pump

if re

quire

d.

Certa

inN/

A

Kyog

leBa

cteria

Catas

troph

icLik

elyEx

trem

e (2

0)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.- S

hutdo

wn tr

igger

ed by

mo

nitor

ing.

- 2 do

sing p

umps

at sa

me

locati

on (2

duty,

1 sta

ndby

).

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g (tur

bidity

, pH,

ch

lorine

) - no

t alar

med o

r link

ed to

PL

C.- W

eekly

bacto

testi

ng.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

plan

t dur

ing

times

whe

n plan

t is m

anne

d.

Major

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(8)

- Two

coag

ulatio

n tra

ins, 2

duty

pump

s.- U

nder

dosin

g can

also

occu

r with

high

raw

water

turb

idity

or

block

ing of

alum

dosin

g equ

ipmen

t.Co

nfide

ntW

ater s

upply

augm

entat

ion(lo

ng te

rm).

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- Duty

stan

dby p

umps

.- F

ixed d

ose r

ate.

- Con

stant

flow

rate

due t

o fee

dbac

k on f

low m

eter

- VSD

pump

contr

ol an

d or

ifice p

late.

- Plan

t shu

tdown

on

treate

d wate

r tur

bidity

(0.8

NTU)

.

- Dro

p tes

ting.

- Plan

t man

ned 7

days

/wee

k.- V

isual

inspe

ction

.Ma

jorRa

reMe

dium

(5)

Wate

r qua

lity is

reas

onab

ly sta

ble an

d the

refor

e the

dose

ra

te is

rare

ly alt

ered

.Co

nfide

ntN/

A

Kyog

leBa

cteria

Major

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(8

)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.- M

anua

l shu

tdown

trig

gere

d by m

onito

ring.

- Loa

ding v

alve o

n dos

e lin

e.

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g (tur

bidity

, pH,

ch

lorine

) - no

t alar

med o

r link

ed to

PL

C.- W

eekly

bacto

testi

ng.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

plan

t dur

ing

times

whe

n plan

t is m

anne

d.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)A

failur

e of c

oagu

lation

could

happ

en w

hen a

lum do

sing h

as

been

incre

ased

due t

o high

raw

water

turb

idity

and d

ose h

as

not b

een t

urne

d bac

k dow

n whe

n tur

bidity

impr

oves

.Co

nfide

nt

- Und

ertak

e add

itiona

l testi

ng an

d sa

mplin

g to d

evelo

p a do

se cu

rve

base

d on t

urbid

ity.

- Imp

lemen

t on-

site j

ar te

sting

.

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- Duty

stan

dby p

umps

.- F

ixed d

ose r

ate.

- Con

stant

flow

rate

due t

o fee

dbac

k on f

low m

eter

- VSD

pump

contr

ol an

d or

ifice p

late.

- Man

ual p

lant s

hutdo

wn

on tr

eated

wate

r tur

bidity

(0

.8 NT

U).

- Dro

p tes

ting.

- Plan

t man

ned 7

days

/wee

k.- V

isual

inspe

ction

whe

n plan

t is

mann

ed.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)W

ater q

uality

is re

ason

ably

stable

and t

here

fore t

he do

se

rate

is ra

rely

alter

ed.

Confi

dent

N/A

Kyog

leBa

cteria

Major

Rare

Medi

um

(5)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g (tur

bidity

, pH,

ch

lorine

) not

alarm

ed or

linke

d to P

LC.

- Visu

al ins

pecti

on w

hen p

lant is

ma

nned

.Ma

jorRa

reMe

dium

(5)

- Reli

ance

on flo

w int

o clar

ifiers

to mi

x alum

thro

ugh r

aw

water

, this

may n

ot be

adeq

uate.

- Dos

ing po

int ha

s bee

n mov

ed fu

rther

from

clar

ifiers

to ge

t mi

xing.

- Flas

h mixe

r may

impr

ove c

oagu

lation

/flocc

ulatio

n pro

cess

an

d may

be in

vesti

gated

.

Confi

dent

N/A

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaMa

jorUn

likely

Medi

um

(8)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k- P

lant s

hutdo

wn on

tre

ated w

ater t

urbid

ity (0

.8 NT

U)

- Visu

al ins

pecti

on w

hen p

lant is

ma

nned

.- T

reate

d wate

r tur

bidity

.Ma

jorRa

reMe

dium

(5)

Failu

re of

mec

hanic

al flo

ccula

tor co

uld po

tentia

lly le

ad to

ov

erloa

ding o

f DAF

tank

and c

arry

over

of so

lids i

nto th

e filt

er. T

his w

ould

redu

ce fil

ter ru

n tim

e.Ce

rtain

N/A

Risk T-5

Raw Water Dosing

Failu

re o

f the

po

tass

ium

pe

rman

gana

te

dosin

g

Over

dosin

g or

unde

rdos

ing po

tassiu

m pe

rman

gana

te

- Man

gane

se- C

olour

(pink

wa

ter)

Risk T-6

Coagulation

Unde

r dos

ing

alum

(K

yogl

e) o

r fer

ric

chlo

ride (

Bona

lbo)

Failu

re of

coag

ulatio

n

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- DBP

s

Risk T-8

Flocculation

Failu

re o

f the

flo

ccul

atio

n

Poor

flocc

ulatio

n due

to

mech

anica

l failu

re of

flo

ccula

tors o

r floa

tation

sy

stem.

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Man

gane

se- I

ron

- Alum

inium

- DBP

s

Risk T-7

Coagulation

Over

dos

ing

alum

(K

yogl

e) o

r fer

ric

chlo

ride B

onalb

o)Fa

ilure

of co

agula

tion

- Tur

bidity

- Alum

inium

(K

yogle

)- I

ron (

Bona

lbo)

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- DBP

s

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

WTP

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood


Comments


Risk Treatments

Potential Hazard

Kyog

leBa

cteria

Major

Poss

ible

High

(12)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.- S

electi

ve ab

strac

tion o

f so

urce

s.

- Visu

al ins

pecti

on w

hen p

lant is

ma

nned

.Ma

jorLik

elyHi

gh (1

6)

- Boil

up of

sedim

ent in

clar

ifier h

as ha

ppen

ed re

centl

y at a

fre

quen

cy of

ever

y few

days

.- R

aw w

ater c

an en

ter in

unde

r the

rema

ining

slud

ge an

d lift

it to t

he su

rface

.- B

oil up

has b

een m

ore o

f a pr

oblem

sinc

e cha

nging

to

alum

liquid

and s

ince t

he pa

ddles

are n

o lon

ger o

pera

ting -

pa

ddles

used

to en

able

sludg

e to b

e pus

hed i

nto th

e cen

tre

of the

tank

and t

o the

drain

.- U

nclea

r if te

mper

ature

is a

factor

.- G

ener

ally w

ait un

til riv

er is

clea

r befo

re dr

aining

tank

s and

re

movin

g slud

ge.

- Cur

rentl

y the

re is

no w

ay of

mon

itorin

g how

muc

h slud

ge is

in

the ta

nk -

may i

nves

tigate

using

a "S

ludge

Judg

e" to

mo

nitor.

- Des

ludgin

g by g

ravit

y, wh

ich is

diffic

ult to

man

age.

Confi

dent

- Fur

ther in

vesti

gate

monit

oring

slud

ge

(e.g.

Slud

ge Ju

dge)

.- I

nves

tigate

optio

ns fo

r impr

oved

so

lids r

emov

al as

part

of W

TP

upgr

ade.

Bona

lbo

N/A

N/A

N/A

#N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

#N/A

Slud

ge re

mova

l at B

onalb

o is n

ot an

issu

eN/

AN/

A

Kyog

leN/

AN/

AN/

A#N

/AN/

AN/

AN/

AN/

A#N

/AN/

AN/

AN/

A

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaMa

jorUn

likely

Medi

um

(8)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.- P

lant s

hutdo

wn on

tre

ated w

ater t

urbid

ity (0

.8 NT

U).

- Plan

t shu

tdown

on lo

w air

pres

sure

.- D

uty/st

andb

y air

comp

ress

or.

- Visu

al ins

pecti

on.

- Tre

ated w

ater t

urbid

ity.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)On

e fail

ure o

ccur

red l

eadin

g to m

ore o

ften b

ackw

ashin

g and

re

ducti

on of

the f

ilter r

un tim

e.Ce

rtain

N/A

Kyog

lePr

otozo

aCa

tastro

phic

Likely

Extre

me

(20)

- WTP

is m

anne

d 7

days

/wee

k.- B

ackw

ashin

g 3

times

/wee

k as a

mini

mum.

- Bac

kwas

hing m

ore

frequ

ently

base

d on r

aw

water

turb

idity.

- Dail

y mon

itorin

g (tur

bidity

, pH,

ch

lorine

) - no

t alar

med o

r link

ed to

PL

C.- W

eekly

bacto

testi

ng.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

plan

t dur

ing

times

whe

n plan

t is m

anne

d.

Major

Poss

ible

High

(12)

Curre

nt W

TP co

nfigu

ratio

n doe

s not

allow

each

filter

to be

mo

nitor

ed in

dividu

ally.

Estim

ate

- Inv

estig

ate op

tions

for m

onito

ring

indivi

dual

filter

turb

idity

as pa

rt of

the

WTP

upgr

ade.

- Tar

get w

ater q

uality

for t

he W

TP

upgr

ade t

o mee

t req

uirem

ents

for

ADW

G 20

11.

- Sho

rt ter

m - in

stall t

urbid

ity m

eter o

n cle

ar w

ater o

utlet

to en

sure

out o

f spe

c wa

ter do

es no

t rea

ch co

nsum

ers.

- Inc

lude a

larms

for h

igh (a

lert)

and

high h

igh (s

hut d

own)

.

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- Plan

t shu

t dow

n on

treate

d wate

r tur

bidity

(0.8

NTU)

- Bac

kwas

h on t

ime,

head

loss a

nd tu

rbidi

ty- R

ipenin

g of fi

lter t

o wa

ste

- Visu

al ins

pecti

on- T

reate

d wate

r tur

bidity

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)Ba

ckwa

sh is

norm

ally t

rigge

red e

very

60 ho

urs.

Turb

idity

brea

kthro

ugh b

ackw

ash o

ccur

s ver

y rar

ely, o

nly in

resp

onse

to

a fail

ure w

ith th

e floc

culat

ion pr

oces

s.Co

nfide

ntN/

A

Kyog

leFlu

oride

Mode

rate

Poss

ible

Medi

um

(9)

- Inh

eren

t sys

tem de

sign

in ac

cord

ance

with

Flu

oride

Cod

e.- P

lant c

an be

shut

down

ind

epen

dent

of tre

atmen

t pr

oces

ses.

- Dail

y at W

TP.

- Mon

thly v

erific

ation

in re

ticula

tion

(FAS

S La

b).

Mino

rRa

reLo

w (2

)Flu

oride

dosin

g sys

tem up

grad

ed in

2008

.Ce

rtain

N/A

Bona

lbo

Fluor

ideMo

dera

tePo

ssibl

eMe

dium

(9

)

- Inh

eren

t sys

tem de

sign

in ac

cord

ance

with

Flu

oride

Cod

e.- P

lant c

an be

shut

down

ind

epen

dent

of tre

atmen

t pr

oces

ses.

- Dail

y at W

TP.

- Mon

thly v

erific

ation

in re

ticula

tion

(FAS

S La

b).

Mino

rRa

reLo

w (2

)Re

sults

show

some

value

s high

er th

an he

alth g

uideli

ne -

these

wer

e ide

ntifie

d and

addr

esse

d dur

ing co

mmiss

ioning

.Ce

rtain

N/A

Risk T-10

DAF

Failu

re o

f the

DAF

F un

it

Inade

quate

floata

tion

leadin

g to s

olids

se

ttleme

nt an

d soli

ds

carry

over

into

filter

s.

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Man

gane

se- I

ron

- DBP

s

Risk T-9

Clarification

Inad

equa

te so

lids

rem

oval

Solid

s pas

sing o

ver in

to filt

ers d

ue to

:- B

oil up

- Ina

dequ

ate re

mova

l

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Man

gane

se- I

ron

- Alum

inium

- DBP

s

Risk T-11

Filtration

Filt

er b

reak

-thro

ugh

Filter

brea

k-thr

ough

ca

using

elev

ated t

urbid

ity

- Tur

bidity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Man

gane

se- I

ron

- Alum

inium

- DBP

s

Risk T-12

Fluoridation

Over

dosin

g of

Fl

uorid

eFlu

oride

grea

ter th

an

ADW

G in

treate

d wate

rFlu

oride

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

WTP

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood


Comments


Risk Treatments

Potential Hazard

Kyog

lepH

Mino

rLik

elyMe

dium

(8

)

- Dos

e pum

p is n

ot of

suffic

ient s

ize to

over

dose

.- D

ose i

s man

ually

ad

justed

to a

pH se

t poin

t.

- pH

monit

ored

in cl

ear w

ater t

ank.

- Dail

y sam

pling

in W

TP la

b.Mi

nor

Rare

Low

(2)

- Pum

ps ca

nnot

pump

enou

gh ca

ustic

to br

ing up

the p

H hig

h eno

ugh t

o cau

se an

impa

ct.- C

urre

nt se

tpoint

for p

H is

7.5.

- Lev

el of

certa

inty i

s bec

ause

the s

ampli

ng po

int is

clos

e to

the do

se po

int.

Relia

ble

- Aug

menta

tion w

ill all

ow fo

r re

locati

on

of sa

mplin

g poin

t awa

y fro

m do

se

point

.- R

esult

s will

be m

ore r

epre

senta

tive o

f ac

tual p

H.- R

eview

loca

tion o

f cau

stic d

osing

po

int to

outgo

ing cl

ear w

ater.

Bona

lbo

pHMo

dera

teLik

elyHi

gh (1

2)- F

eedb

ack l

oop l

inked

to

onlin

e pH

meter

.

- Wee

kly sa

mplin

g in r

eticu

lation

.- D

aily t

estin

g at W

TP.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

equip

ment

when

W

TP is

man

ned.

- Onli

ne pH

mon

itorin

g on c

lear w

ater

outpu

t.

Mode

rate

Poss

ible

Medi

um (9

)

- Fee

dbac

k loo

p is d

owns

tream

of do

sing p

oint.

- Setp

oint 7

.8.- p

H us

ually

betw

een 6

- 6.5

leav

ing th

e plan

t.- M

ay be

an is

sue o

f cali

brati

on of

prob

es.

- Eac

h batc

h of c

austi

c app

ears

to aff

ect p

H.

Confi

dent

- Inv

estig

ate ca

libra

tion o

f pH

prob

e an

d cau

stic d

osing

syste

m.- C

omme

nce t

estin

g pH

in re

ticula

tion.

Kyog

leVi

ruse

sCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- Onli

ne ch

lorine

mo

nitor

ing in

strum

ent w

ith

alarm

.- C

apac

ity in

rese

rvoirs

all

ows t

ime t

o cor

rect

or

repa

ir dos

ing in

strum

ents.

- Wee

kly sa

mplin

g in r

eticu

lation

.- D

aily t

estin

g at W

TP.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

equip

ment

when

W

TP is

man

ned.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

- 45 m

inutes

conta

ct tim

e in c

lear w

ater t

ank e

stima

ted on

tan

k volu

me an

d flow

.- P

otenti

al for

shor

t circ

uiting

in C

lear W

ater T

ank.

- Mos

t rele

vant

haza

rdou

s eve

nt is

mech

anica

l failu

re of

do

sing s

ystem

.- O

nline

chlor

ine m

onito

r is lo

cated

clos

e to d

ose p

oint,

resu

lting i

n ove

r alar

ming

.

Confi

dent

- Inv

estig

ate op

tions

for m

oving

onlin

e ch

lorine

mon

itor f

urthe

r fro

m do

sing

point

.- I

nves

tigate

SMS

alar

ms fo

r high

and

low ch

lorine

.

Bona

lbo

Bacte

riaCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- Fixe

d rate

dosin

g (se

t po

int of

1.4 m

g/L).

- Duty

stan

dby p

umps

.- S

CADA

alar

ms on

low

chlor

ine (0

.75 m

g/L).

- Wee

kly sa

mplin

g in r

eticu

lation

.- D

aily C

l testi

ng at

WTP

.- V

isual

monit

oring

of eq

uipme

nt wh

en

WTP

is m

anne

d.- O

nline

mon

itorin

g on c

lear w

ater

outpu

t.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

- Chlo

rine d

osed

befor

e clea

r wate

r.- P

roce

ss de

signe

d so t

hat c

lear w

ater t

ank c

an on

ly be

dr

awn d

own t

o a ce

rtain

level

to en

sure

a 30

minu

te co

ntact

time.

- It is

unkn

own i

f ther

e is a

n iss

ue w

ith sh

ort c

ircuit

ing, b

ut the

re is

addit

ional

Ct in

rese

rvoir.

- One

E. c

oli fa

ilure

has o

ccur

red p

revio

usly

howe

ver t

his

was c

onsid

ered

to be

a re

ticula

tion i

ssue

.

Certa

inInv

estig

ate S

MS al

armi

ng an

d plan

t sh

ut do

wn on

low

level

chlor

ine.

Kyog

leCh

lorine

Mode

rate

Poss

ible

Medi

um

(9)

- Onli

ne ch

lorine

mo

nitor

ing in

strum

ent w

ith

alarm

.- C

apac

ity in

rese

rvoirs

all

ows t

ime t

o cor

rect

or

repa

ir dos

ing in

strum

ents.

- Wee

kly sa

mplin

g in r

eticu

lation

.- D

aily t

estin

g at W

TP.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

equip

ment

when

W

TP is

man

ned.

Mode

rate

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(6)

'- Fail

ure o

f pre

ssur

e valv

e led

to an

insta

nce o

f chlo

rine

being

over

dose

d in t

he pa

st.- C

hlorin

e pum

p con

tinue

d to p

ump w

hen w

ater w

as no

t be

ing pu

mped

- fau

lt with

clea

r wate

r pum

p.- S

witch

boar

d call

s for

dosin

g whe

n clea

r wate

r pum

ps ar

e in

fault.

- One

insta

nce o

f a re

siden

t com

plaint

of sk

in ra

sh.

Confi

dent

- Inv

estig

ate op

tions

for m

oving

onlin

e ch

lorine

mon

itor f

urthe

r fro

m do

sing

point

.- I

nclud

e SMS

alar

ms fo

r high

and l

ow

chlor

ine.

Bona

lbo

Chlor

ineMi

nor

Unlik

elyLo

w (4

)

- Fixe

d rate

dosin

g.- D

uty st

andb

y pum

ps.

- SMS

alar

m an

d shu

t do

wn on

high

chlor

ine (2

.5 mg

/L).

- Pum

ps no

t size

d to a

llow

for ov

erdo

sing (

0.4 l/h

our).

- Dos

e pum

ps in

terloc

ked

with

flow

switc

h and

clea

r wa

ter pu

mps.

- Wee

kly sa

mplin

g in r

eticu

lation

.- D

aily t

estin

g at W

TP.

- Visu

al mo

nitor

ing of

equip

ment

when

W

TP is

man

ned.

- Onli

ne m

onito

ring o

n clea

r wate

r ou

tput.

Insign

ifican

tRa

reLo

w (1

)On

e inc

ident

of PL

C fai

lure w

here

chlor

ine co

ntinu

ed to

dose

on

a low

flow

which

could

only

be de

tected

by vi

sual

inspe

ction

.Co

nfide

ntN/

A

Risk T-13

pH Correction

Failu

re o

f tre

ated

wa

ter p

H co

rrect

ion

(Sod

ium

hyd

roxid

e do

sing)

Unde

rdos

ing or

ov

erdo

sing o

f cau

stic

(sodiu

m hy

drox

ide)

impa

cting

on pH

pH

Risk T-15

Residual Disinfection

Over

dos

e of

chlo

rine

Chlor

ine hi

gher

than

AD

WG

guide

line v

alue i

n tre

ated w

ater

Chlor

ine

Risk T-14

Residual Disinfection

Insu

fficie

nt ch

lorin

e Ct

(con

cent

ratio

n x

time)

Poor

disin

fectio

n- V

iruse

s- B

acter

ia


12NS07-R82-1.0 D December 2012

Appendix D

Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Distribution

Dis

trib

utio

n - M

axim

um &

Res

idua

l Ris

k

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood

Residual Risk

Comments


Risk Treatments

Confi

dent

None

Chlor

ine m

onito

ring i

n re

ticula

tion

- Ver

min p

roofi

ng on

all re

servi

ors.

- Chlo

rine r

esidu

al in

rese

rvior

s.

- Bon

albo a

nd

Woo

denb

ong v

isual

inspe

ction

daily

.- W

eekly

site

inspe

ction

at

Kyog

le.- M

onthl

y to q

uarte

rly

inspe

ction

.- B

iennia

l dive

r ins

pecti

ons o

f re

servi

ors.

- Mon

itorin

g in

retic

ulatio

n.

No hi

story

of va

ndali

sm at

rese

rvior

s.Co

nfide

ntN/

A

- Mos

t of r

eser

viors

have

comm

on in

let/ou

tlet.

- Woo

denb

ong h

as se

para

te in/

out -

both

botto

m.- B

onalb

o top

fill, b

ottom

outle

t.- G

enev

a has

an ac

tuated

valve

to le

t wate

r in an

d a

non r

eturn

valve

.- R

esidu

al is

fairly

cons

tant in

retic

ulatio

n alth

ough

so

me is

sues

durin

g sum

mer, b

ut mo

stly c

onsid

ered

to

be du

e to s

tagna

tion.

Confi

dent

N/A

N/A

- Not

identi

fied a

s an i

ssue

for a

ny re

servi

ors o

ther

than G

enev

a- G

enev

a can

rema

in un

used

if Ge

neva

retic

ulatio

n us

e only

wate

r in th

e tru

nk m

ain -

need

to th

rottle

wa

ter ba

ck do

wn th

e tru

nk m

ain to

drain

the r

eser

voir

and a

ssist

in re

duce

stag

natio

n.- D

ischa

rge p

oint fr

om G

enev

a is o

nto pr

ivate

prop

erty

and a

ppro

val is

requ

ired.

Confi

dent

Inves

tigate

optio

ns fo

r im

prov

ing tu

rnov

er in

Gen

eva

Rese

rvoir e

.g. in

stallin

g an

actua

tor va

lve to

allow

for d

raw

down

in th

e res

ervo

ir.

Gene

va ha

s som

e iss

ues w

ith ru

sting

box g

utter

s, ho

weve

r wate

r con

tamina

tion h

as no

t bee

n ide

ntifie

d.Re

liable

Inves

tigate

repa

ir of r

oof a

t Ge

neva

Res

ervo

ir.

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(8)

Major

- Pre

vious

detec

tion o

f sed

imen

t in K

yogle

Res

ervio

rs up

to 60

0mm

deep

.- R

eser

voir l

ow le

vel d

rawd

own a

roun

d 80%

.

- No a

cces

s gra

nted t

o thir

d par

ties

(telec

ommu

nicati

ons e

tc).

- Sec

ure r

eser

voir a

cces

s step

lad

ders

in ma

n pro

of en

closu

res.

- Loc

ked h

atche

s.- C

hlorin

e res

idual.

- Bon

albo a

nd

Woo

denb

ong v

isual

inspe

ction

daily

.- W

eekly

site

inspe

ction

at

Kyog

le.- M

onthl

y to q

uarte

rly

inspe

ction

.- B

iennia

l dive

r ins

pecti

ons o

f re

servi

ors.

- Mon

itorin

g in

retic

ulatio

n.

None

Chlor

ine m

onito

ring i

n re

ticula

tion.

- Bien

nial d

iver c

leanin

g cyc

le.- O

ff stre

am st

orag

e will

resu

lt in

more

cons

isten

t raw

wate

r qua

lity in

Ky

ogle.

- Low

leve

l setp

oints

in re

servi

ors t

o av

oid se

dimen

ts be

ing di

sturb

ed.

- Lev

els in

rese

rvior

s.- B

iennia

l dive

r ins

pecti

on.

Major

Rare

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

Medi

um (5

)

Mino

rRa

reLo

w (2

)

Major

Stag

natio

n lea

ding t

o: - T

aste

and o

dour

issu

es- P

otenti

al gr

owth

of ba

cteria

in th

e sys

tem- L

oss o

f DO

- Cha

nge i

n pH

poten

tially

due t

o diss

olutio

n of

asse

ts

- Bac

teria

- Tas

te an

d odo

ur- p

H- D

O- A

mmon

ia- N

itrite

- Chlo

rine -

low

Reservoirs Cont

amin

atio

n by

ve

rmin

Acce

ss by

anim

als -

includ

ing bi

rds,

leadin

g to:

- Micr

obiol

ogica

l con

tamina

tion -

from

anim

al dr

oppin

gs an

d dea

d anim

als- L

oss o

f disi

nfecti

on re

sidua

l due

to ad

dition

ch

lorine

dema

nd

Bacte

ria

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(8)

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(8)

Bacte

riaMa

jor

Bacte

riaMa

jor

Bacte

riaMa

jorPo

ssibl

eHi

gh (1

2)

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

Turb

idity

Mino

r

Bacte

riaMa

jor

Unlik

elyLo

w (4

)

Potential Hazard

Reservoirs Cont

amin

atio

n of

re

serv

oirs

due

to

acce

ss b

y thi

rd p

artie

s

Acce

ss by

huma

ns, in

cludin

g main

tenan

ce an

d wi

llful o

ppor

tunist

ic va

ndali

sm (e

.g. ph

one t

ower

ins

tallat

ion by

telco

s)

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Tox

ins- H

ydro

carb

ons

ReservoirsRisk D-1 Risk D-2 Risk D-3 Risk D-4 Risk D-5

Reservoirs Poor

mixi

ng w

ithin

a re

serv

oir

Poor

mixi

ng in

a re

servo

ir lea

ding t

o:- P

ocke

ts of

incre

ased

wate

r age

and r

educ

ed

quali

ty wa

ter- T

aste

and o

dour

issu

es- P

otenti

al gr

owth

of ba

cteria

in th

e sys

tem- L

oss o

f DO

- Cha

nge i

n pH

poten

tially

due t

o diss

olutio

n of

asse

ts.

Stag

natio

n in

re

serv

iors

- Bac

teria

- Opp

ortun

istic

patho

gens

- Tur

bidity

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

Reservoirs Dist

urba

nce o

f Se

dim

ent

Stirr

ing of

fore

ign m

atter

lead

ing to

:- I

ncre

ased

turb

idity

- Tas

te an

d odo

ur is

sues

- Mob

ility o

f path

ogen

s in t

he sy

stem

- Los

s of D

O

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Tur

bidity

- Tas

te an

d odo

ur- C

olour

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood

Residual Risk

Comments


Risk Treatments

Potential Hazard

- Cur

rentl

y the

re is

no dr

ainag

e or m

onito

ring p

rogr

am

in pit

s, ho

weve

r the

re is

a pr

oces

s for

flush

ing

follow

ing re

pairs

.- N

o iss

ues i

denti

fied.

Relia

bleN/

A

N/A

Confi

dent

N/A

- Res

ult of

brea

ks in

main

s, fire

fighti

ng, d

eep f

rosts

tha

t are

pred

omina

ntly o

ut of

Coun

cil's

abilit

y to

contr

ol.- N

o air s

cour

ing re

quire

d sinc

e the

insta

llatio

n of

filtra

tion.

- Acc

ess t

o reti

culat

ion is

limite

d to d

epots

(wate

r filli

ng

statio

ns).

Confi

dent

N/A

None

- No k

nown

issu

es w

ith ill

egal

conn

ectio

ns.

- Mos

t kno

wn hi

gh ris

k cus

tomer

s hav

e bac

kflow

pr

even

tion d

evice

s how

ever,

ther

e is n

o com

plian

ce

proc

ess t

o foll

ow up

on te

sting

.- R

elian

ce on

custo

mers

to "d

o the

right

thing

".- N

o bac

kflow

requ

ired o

n catt

le tro

ughs

- re

ly on

air

gaps

.- C

urre

ntly K

yogle

Cou

ncil p

romo

te air

gaps

on

rainw

ater t

anks

.

Unce

rtain

- Inv

estig

ate th

e retr

ofit o

f ba

ckflo

w pr

even

tion d

evice

s to

all se

wage

sites

.- I

mplem

ent p

rogr

am of

annu

al co

mplia

nce m

onito

ring f

or th

e tes

ting o

f bac

kflow

prev

entio

n de

vices

.

- Reg

ular p

rogr

am of

flush

ing

identi

fied d

ead e

nds (

ever

y 6 -

8 we

eks).

- Chlo

rine r

esidu

al tes

ting i

n reti

culat

ion

pred

omina

tely a

t dea

d en

ds.

- Wee

kly ba

cterio

logica

l mo

nitor

ing at

dead

en

ds.

- Com

munit

y co

mplai

nts pr

oces

s.

- Main

s flus

hing.

- Air s

cour

ing w

hen r

equir

ed.

- Con

trolle

d acc

ess t

o reti

culat

ion

by th

ird pa

rties.

- Chlo

rine r

esidu

al.

- Chlo

rine r

esidu

al tes

ting i

n reti

culat

ion

pred

omina

tely a

t dea

d en

ds.

- Wee

kly ba

cterio

logica

l mo

nitor

ing at

dead

en

ds.

- Com

munit

y co

mplai

nts pr

oces

s.

- Con

stant

pres

sure

in pi

pe lin

e.- S

pring

load

ed ai

r valv

es.

- Cov

ered

pits.

- Flus

hing p

roce

ss fo

llowi

ng re

pairs

.- R

esidu

al in

retic

ulatio

n.

Wee

kly re

ticula

tion

monit

oring

- Bac

kflow

prev

entio

n on m

ost h

igh

risk c

ustom

ers.

- Chlo

rine r

esidu

al.

Unlik

elyLo

w (4

)

Poss

ible

High

(12)

Pipelines Stag

nant

wat

er in

pi

pelin

es

Stag

nant

water

in pi

pelin

es ca

used

by:

- Dea

d end

s- P

ipes l

ow w

ater d

eman

ds or

moth

ballin

g

Lead

ing to

:- M

icrob

iolog

ical c

ontam

inatio

n - fr

om lo

w ch

lorine

re

sidua

ls an

d low

diss

olved

oxyg

en- T

aste

and o

dour

comp

ound

s- L

ow ch

lorine

resid

uals

- Low

diss

olved

oxyg

en

- Iro

n- M

anga

nese

- Colo

ur- D

issolv

ed ox

ygen

- pH

- Tas

te an

d odo

ur- T

urbid

ity- A

mmon

ia- N

itrite

Bacte

riaMa

jor

High

flow

or o

ther

ev

ent c

ausin

g slo

ughi

ng o

f bio

film

s

High

flow

and r

apid

chan

ges i

n flow

rate

in pip

eline

s.

Lead

ing to

:Sc

ourin

g and

slou

ghing

of sl

imes

and s

edim

ent.

- Tur

bidity

- Tas

te &

odou

r- B

acter

ia- T

oxic

metal

s- C

olour

- Viru

ses

- Pro

tozoa

- Alum

inium

- Iro

n- M

anga

nese

Turb

idity

Mino

r

- Bac

teria

- Opp

ortun

istic

patho

gens

- Pro

tozoa

- Viru

ses

- Hyd

roca

rbon

s- T

aste

and o

dour

Bacte

riaMa

jor

Bacte

riaMa

jorUn

likely

Medi

um (8

)

Risk D-9Risk D-8Risk D-6 Risk D-7

Pipelines Ingr

ess o

f co

ntam

inan

ts n

on-

pota

ble w

ater

Ingre

ss po

tentia

lly th

roug

h:- P

ipe jo

ints.

- Air v

alves

.- L

eakin

g valv

es an

d hyd

rants

.- A

ging i

nfras

tructu

re.

- Sco

urs.

- Pipe

burst

.- P

ipe re

pairs

.- L

ow pr

essu

re -

very

high f

lows (

e.g. fi

refig

hting

).

Lead

ing to

:- M

icrob

iolog

ical c

ontam

inatio

n - T

urbid

ity

- Pote

ntial

for ch

emica

l con

tamina

tion -

inclu

ding

heav

y meta

ls an

d petr

oche

mica

ls - T

aste

and o

dour

comp

ound

s.

- Bac

teria

- Tas

te &

orde

r- C

olour

- Tur

bidity

- Pro

tozoa

- Viru

ses

- Tox

ic me

tals

- Hyd

roca

rbon

s- T

oxins

PipelinesPipelines Back

flow

Back

flow

from

a thir

d par

ties a

sset:

- Ille

gal c

onne

ction

(con

necti

on no

t to th

e plu

mbing

code

)- U

ninten

tiona

l flow

from

a do

wnstr

eam

custo

mer's

as

set d

ue to

oper

ation

al er

ror

- Two

-way

oper

ation

of a

main

Lead

ing to

:- P

otenti

al mi

crobio

logica

l con

tamina

tion

- Che

mica

l con

tamina

tion

- Tas

te an

d odo

ur is

sues

Mino

rRa

reLo

w (2

)

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

Rare

Medi

um (5

)


12NS07-R82-1.0 E December 2012

Appendix E

Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Whole of system

Syst

em -

Max

imum

& R

esid

ual R

isk

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood

Residual Risk

Comments


Risk Treatments

Risk A-1

Whole of System

Form

atio

n of

di

sinfe

ctio

n by

-pr

oduc

ts

The a

dditio

n of c

hlorin

e to w

ater

conta

ining

disin

fectio

n by-

prod

uct p

recu

rsors.

Lead

ing to

the f

orma

tion o

f:- T

HMs

- HAA

s- C

hlora

te

Disin

fectio

n by-

prod

ucts

Disin

fectio

n by-

prod

ucts

(e.g.

TH

Ms, N

DMA

& HA

As)

Mode

rate

Poss

ible

Medi

um (9

)- F

iltrati

on to

remo

ve

prec

urso

rs (o

rgan

ics).

- Coa

gulat

ionNo

neMi

nor

Unlik

elyLo

w (4

)

- Not

part

of NS

W H

ealth

Mon

itorin

g Pro

gram

.- C

hlorin

e can

conta

in a h

igh pr

opor

tion o

f chlo

rate

when

stor

ed fo

r exte

nded

perio

ds.

- Chlo

rate

curre

ntly d

oes n

ot ha

ve a

guide

line v

alue

howe

ver, i

t is ex

pecte

d to b

e set

in the

next

revis

ion of

the

ADW

G be

twee

n 0.3

mg/L

and 0

.8 mg

/L.

Unce

rtain

- Inv

estig

ate re

ques

ting N

SW H

ealth

to

monit

or D

BPs i

n mon

itorin

g pro

gram

.- K

eep a

watc

hing b

rief o

n chlo

rate

issue

s and

an

y cha

nges

to A

DWG

guide

line v

alues

.

Risk A-2

Whole of System

The u

se o

f un

suita

ble

chem

icals

or

mat

erial

s

Use o

f con

tamina

ted an

d un

suita

ble m

ateria

ls in

the

syste

m, le

ading

to ch

emica

l co

ntami

natio

n of w

ater.

- Disi

nfecti

on by

-pr

oduc

ts- H

ydro

carb

ons

- Tox

ic me

tals

- Tox

ins- p

H

Toxin

s (u

nkno

wn

conta

mina

nt)Mi

nor

Unlik

elyLo

w (4

)

- Rep

utable

chem

ical

supp

liers

with

suita

ble IS

O ac

credit

ation

s.- I

ndus

try an

d Aus

tralia

n sta

ndar

ds.

- Ope

rator

train

ing an

d aw

aren

ess.

- MSD

S Sh

eets.

- Fill

point

s clea

rly la

beled

and

identi

fied.

- Man

age o

rder

s to e

nsur

e tha

t chlo

rine i

s not

store

d for

ex

tende

d per

iods.

- Visu

al Ch

ecks

.- O

pera

tors c

heck

off

deliv

eries

.Mi

nor

Rare

Low

(2)

No is

sues

iden

tified

Relia

bleN/

A

Risk A-3

Whole of System

Telem

etry

or

cont

rol s

yste

m

failu

re

Failu

re of

comm

unica

tion

proc

esse

s res

ulting

in m

ultipl

e po

ssibl

e imp

acts

Lead

ing to

equip

ment

oper

ating

un

supe

rvise

d and

poten

tial

water

quali

ty ha

zard

s.

- Bac

teria

- Pro

tozoa

- Viru

ses

- Tur

bidity

Redu

ced o

utput

volum

eMi

nor

Unlik

elyLo

w (4

)Sp

are e

quipm

ent a

vaila

ble on

sit

e.Da

ily op

erato

r mon

itorin

gMi

nor

Rare

Low

(2)

No is

sues

iden

tified

Confi

dent

N/A

Risk A-4

Whole of System

Lack

of

train

ing

Lack

of tr

aining

and e

xper

ience

of

staff,

includ

ing co

ntrac

tors,

leadin

g to p

otenti

al wa

ter

quali

ty im

pacts

.

All h

azar

dsBa

cteria

Major

Poss

ible

High

(12)

- All o

pera

tors h

ave o

r are

in

traini

ng fo

r Cer

t III o

r abo

ve.

- Cer

t IV fo

r sen

ior op

erato

rs.- O

n the

job t

raini

ng an

d inf

orma

l men

toring

.

Inte

rnal

supe

rvisi

on- r

eview

of re

sults

by

Mana

gers.

Exte

rnal

Supe

rvisi

on- N

OW ov

ersig

ht.

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)Op

erati

onal

proc

edur

es sh

ould

be fo

rmali

sed a

nd

docu

mente

d to i

mpro

ve tr

aining

.Co

nfide

ntIm

prov

e doc

umen

tation

of pr

oced

ures

.

Risk A-5

Whole of System

Lack

of

reso

urce

s

Lack

of re

sour

ces r

esult

ing in

re

ducti

on of

proa

ctive

O&M

wo

rk an

d sub

sequ

ent s

ystem

iss

ues (

e.g. c

ontro

l mea

sure

s no

t app

ropr

iately

imple

mente

d),

leadin

g to p

otenti

al wa

ter qu

ality

impa

cts.

All h

azar

dsBa

cteria

Major

Poss

ible

High

(12)

- Ade

quate

budg

eting

.- F

orwa

rd an

d stra

tegic

plann

ing.

- Ass

et ma

nage

ment

plann

ing.

- Rec

ruitm

ent o

f long

term

loc

al re

siden

ts .

None

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)Of

ten di

fficult

to re

cruit a

nd re

tain s

killed

staff

pa

rticula

rly in

small

town

s.Co

nfide

ntKe

ep in

volve

d in r

egion

al re

sour

ce sh

aring

Risk A-6

Whole of System

Supp

ly of

non

co

mpl

iant

wate

r fro

m

Urbe

nville

WTP

Lack

of a

forma

l agr

eeme

nt be

twee

n Ten

terfie

ld an

d Kyo

gle

Coun

cils.

All h

azar

dsPr

otozo

aCa

tastro

phic

Poss

ible

High

(15)

- For

mal a

gree

ment

for su

pply

from

Tente

rfield

Coun

cil.

- Rec

hlorin

ation

at bo

oster

pu

mp st

ation

upstr

eam

of Mu

li Mu

li.- I

ntegr

ated t

eleme

try sy

stem

to mo

nitor

Urb

envil

le.

- Wee

kly ba

cto, C

l and

Tu

rbidi

ty mo

nitor

ing in

Muli

Mu

li and

Woo

denb

ong

- Tele

metry

Major

Unlik

elyMe

dium

(8)

- Reg

ular in

terac

tion b

etwee

n ope

ratio

nal s

taff a

nd

lines

of co

mmun

icatio

n betw

een m

anag

emen

t.- F

orma

l agr

eeme

nt ha

s not

been

sign

ed.

- Pote

ntial

issue

s with

ongo

ing bi

lling.

Confi

dent

- Com

munic

ation

and o

pera

tiona

l pro

tocols

to

be de

velop

ed be

twee

n Kyo

gle an

d Ten

terfile

d.- I

nstal

l onli

ne tu

rbidi

ty mo

nitor

ing an

d alar

m at

boos

ter pu

mp st

ation

site.

Potential Hazard

Ref

Component

Hazardous Event

Limiting Hazard/s

MaximumConsequence

MaximumLikelihood

Maximum Risk

Preventive Measures

Monitoring

ResidualConsequence

ResidualLikelihood

Residual Risk

Comments


Risk Treatments

Potential Hazard

Risk A-7

Whole of System

Lack

of

hygi

ene d

urin

g op

erat

ion

and

main

tena

nce

Rese

rvoir a

nd pi

pelin

e ma

inten

ance

, clea

ning a

nd

inade

quate

hygie

ne pr

actic

es.

Lead

ing to

:- M

icrob

iolog

ical c

ontam

inatio

n- T

urbid

ity

- Bac

teria

- Viru

ses

- Tas

te an

d odo

ur- T

urbid

ity- C

olour

Proto

zoa

Major

Poss

ible

High

(12)

- Ope

rator

awar

enes

s, tra

ining

an

d risk

awar

enes

s.- N

o equ

ivalen

t com

pone

ntry

betw

een p

otable

and w

aste

water

so of

ten eq

uipme

nt is

comp

letely

diffe

rent.

- Per

sona

l hyg

iene t

hrou

gh

traini

ng.

None

Major

Rare

Medi

um (5

)

- Ope

rator

s wor

k betw

een S

TP an

d WTP

.- N

o for

mal p

rotoc

ols fo

r san

itatio

n.- E

xcav

ator a

nd po

wer s

aw ar

e the

only

tools

likely

to

be us

ed in

both

potab

le an

d was

te wa

ter.

Confi

dent

Form

alise

hygie

ne pr

oced

ures

and d

isinfe

ction

pr

oced

ures

for t

ools

and e

quipm

ent.

Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 B December 2012

Appendix B

Drinking Water Quality Policy

POLICY NO: TS-7 POLICY NAME: DRINKING WATER QUALITY POLICY VALIDITY: 280512/9 REVIEWED: MAY 2012 OBJECTIVE

1. Kyogle Council is committed to managing its water supplies effectively to provide a safe, high-quality drinking water that consistently meets the NHMRC/NRMMC Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, and consumer and other regulatory requirements.

BACKGROUND

1. The NSW Government has approved the ADWG 2004 (Guidelines) for implementation as a model of best practice in New South Wales. The Guidelines are a joint publication of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the National Resource Management Ministerial Council (NRMMC). The Guidelines define the quality of water suitable for human consumption, and provide advice on protecting water supplies. The Guidelines provide a solid foundation for assessing water quality by specifying health-based and aesthetic criteria as well as describing the philosophy of a multiple barrier approach from catchment to tap to ensure the safety of the water. This is embodied in the Guidelines as the “Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality”.

2. The Public Health Act 2010 provides the NSW regulatory mechanism for compliance with the ADWG. This has recently been embodied in Part 5 of the (Draft) Public Health Regulation:

Pa r t 5 Sa fe t y m e a su re s fo r d r in kin g w a t e r 27 Qu a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m s (1) Fo r t h e p u rp o se s o f se c t io n 25 (1) o f t h e Act , a q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m m u st a d d re ss t h e e le m e n t s o f t h e Fra m e w o rk fo r Ma n ag e m e n t o f Dr in kin g Wa t e r Qu a lit y (a s se t o u t in t h e Au st r a lian Dr in kin g Wa t e r Gu id e lin e s p u b lish e d b y t h e Na t io n a l He a lt h a n d Me d ica l Re se a rch Co u n cil) t h a t a re r e le va n t t o t h e o p e ra t io n s o f t h e su p p lie r o f d r in kin g w a t e r co n ce rn e d . (2) A su p p lie r o f d r in kin g w a t e r m u st p ro vid e a co p y o f it s q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m t o t h e Dir e c t o r -Ge n e ra l. (3) Th e Dir e c t o r -Ge n e ra l m a y a r r an g e fo r t h e r e vie w o f a q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m o f a su p p lie r o f d r in kin g w a t e r a t an y t im e . (4) Th e Dir e c t o r -Ge n e ra l m a y m a ke q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ram s a n d an y r e vie w s o f su ch p ro g ram s p u b lic ly a va ila b le .

SCOPE This policy applies to all Council operated drinking water supplies within the Kyogle Local Government Area.

POLICY To meet the objectives set out in this policy, and in partnerships with stakeholders and relevant agencies, Kyogle Council will:

• manage water quality at all points along the delivery chain from source water to the consumer;

• use a risk-based approach in which potential threats to water quality are identified and balanced;

• integrate the needs and expectations of our consumers, stakeholders, regulators and employees into our planning;

• establish regular monitoring of the quality of drinking water and effective reporting mechanisms to provide relevant and timely information, and promote confidence in the water supply and its management;

• develop appropriate contingency planning and incident response capability; • participate in appropriate research and development activities to ensure

continued understanding of drinking water quality issues and performance; • contribute to the debate on setting industry regulations and guidelines, and

other standards relevant to public health and the water cycle; • continually improve our practices by assessing performance against

corporate commitments and stakeholder expectations. • implement and maintain a drinking water quality management system

consistent with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines to manage effectively the risks to drinking water quality.

• ensure all managers and employees involved in the supply of drinking water are responsible for understanding, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the drinking water quality management system.

BUDGETING

1. Council will within its budgetary constraints, endeavour to provide a level of funding each year to meet the management requirements documented in this policy and associated drinking water quality management system.

2. Council will allocate human and financial resources for the implementation of this policy and associated drinking water quality management system, within Council’s budget constraints.

RELATED DOCUMENTS

• Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC/NRMMC as reviewed from time to time)

• NSW Public Health Act 2010 and associated Regulations DURATION AND REVIEW The policy and procedure will be reviewed periodically as required.

Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 C December 2012

Appendix C

Legal and Other Requirements Register

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Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 D December 2012

Appendix D

CCP Procedures

Drinking Water Quality Management System

CCP Procedures

December 2012

viridis.net.au


CCP Procedures


Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Drinking Water Quality Management System - CCP Procedures, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.



12QU07 i December 2012


2� Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 1�

3� Control Points .................................................................................................................. 1�

4� CCP Procedures ............................................................................................................... 1�


12QU07 ii December 2012

Document history and status


0.1 29/10/2012 K. Pither 29/10/2012 Draft to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G. Kennet Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final


Name of project: Drinking Water Quality Management System Name of document: CCP Procedures Document number R89 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07


12QU07 1 December 2012

1 Introduction Critical control points (CCPs) are a point, step or procedure at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level.

Appropriate selection of critical control points is an important consideration, as increased focus in process control (monitoring and documentation) for a water supply system will be directed toward these activities and processes. The identity and number of critical control points is system specific and will be determined by the range and magnitude of potential hazards and associated risks. Identification of critical control points may be aided by the use of a decision tree in the Drinking Water Quality Management System (DWMS).

CCPs have several operational requirements, including establishing an appropriate monitoring regime specifying specific parameters and critical limits to ensure the process or activity operates effectively. Failure to meet a critical limit represents loss of control of the process and an unacceptable health risk, either directly, through the supply of unsafe water, or indirectly, where multiple critical control points exist, by exceeding the capacity of subsequent processes. Corrective actions must also be available to re-establish process control when criteria have not been met. If there is a deviation from a critical limit corrective actions also must be available to reduce the health risk from hazards present in the system (ADWG).

This document includes a procedure for the identification of CCPs, a register of CCPs and procedures of how to manage those CCPs.

2 Responsibilities It is the responsibility of Manager Asset Services to ensure that this document is up-to-date.

It is the responsibility of the Manager Asset Services to ensure that CCPs are identified in accordance with this procedure.

It is the responsibility of Manager Asset Services to ensure that the identified CCPs are appropriately implemented and managed.

3 Control Points CCPs were identified in accordance with the DWMS. Four CCPs were identified in the Kyogle Council drinking water scheme for Bonalbo WTP and Kyogle WTP and the Woodenbong Booster Station:

CCP1 - filtration - turbidity CCP2 - disinfection - free chlorine residual CCP3 - rechlorination - free chlorine residual

4 CCP Procedures The following tables identify the monitoring and corrective actions that are required at each CCP. CCP exceedences are to be reported using the Water Quality Log Sheets in use at each Water Treatment Plant. Two consecutive samples refer to immediate resample on the same day. The immediate resample triggers the CCP critical correctional measures.

Drin

king

Wat

er Q

ualit

y M

anag

emen

t S

yste

m

12Q

U07

2

De

cem

ber 2

012

CCC

P 1

M

on

ito

rin

g

Ste

p: F

iltra

tion

H

azar

d/s

co

ntr

olle

d: P

roto

zoa,

bac

teria

, tur

bidi

ty

Pre

ven

tive

mea

sure

s: B

ackw

ash,

sus

pend

wat

er

treat

men

t; W

TP O

pera

tor

Wh

at:

Turb

idity

P

urp

ose

: To

ens

ure

that

the

wat

er is

sui

tabl

e fo

r dis

infe

ctio

n W

her

e:

Filte

r effl

uent

for c

ombi

ned

filte

rs

Ho

w:

Onl

ine/

Gra

b W

hen

: C

ontin

uous

/Dai

ly

Wh

o:

Ope

rato

r

Ale

rt L

imit

s A

lert

Co

rrec

tio

nal

Mea

sure

s

Ale

rt:

Kyo

gle

an

d B

on

alb

o W

TP

s:

> 0.

8 N

TU

Wh

at:

Imm

edia

tely

che

ck th

e on

line

mon

itor a

nd g

rab

sam

ple

lab

resu

lts to

ver

ify th

e re

sult.

Che

ck ra

w w

ater

turb

idity

and

com

pare

to p

revi

ous

days

resu

lts.

U

nder

take

an

inve

stig

atio

n to

find

the

caus

e fo

r inc

reas

ed tu

rbid

ity, f

ocus

on

coag

ulat

ion/

flocc

ulat

ion

proc

ess,

and

the

DAF

proc

ess

at th

e Bo

nalb

o W

TP.

C

heck

coa

gula

nt d

osin

g sy

stem

ope

ratio

n

Back

was

h fil

ters

and

mon

itor f

ilter

ed w

ater

turb

idity

as

filte

rs c

ome

back

on

line.

Und

erta

ke a

ppro

pria

te a

ctio

n to

redu

ce tu

rbid

ity to

<0.

5 N

TU

Wh

o:

Ope

rato

r R

epo

rtin

g:

Sam

ple

resu

lts a

nd a

ctio

n ta

ken

- Ope

rato

r to

reco

rd d

etai

ls o

n da

ily lo

g sh

eet

Cri

tica

l Lim

its

Cri

tica

l Co

rrec

tio

nal

Mea

sure

s

Cri

tica

l: K

yog

le a

nd

Bo

nal

bo

WT

Ps:

>

1.0N

TU

Wh

at:

Susp

end

wat

er tr

ansf

er im

med

iate

ly.

Im

med

iate

ly ta

ke a

turb

idity

gra

b sa

mpl

e to

ver

ify th

e re

sult.

Dete

rmin

e th

e ca

use

of th

e el

evat

ed tu

rbid

ity, t

ake

appr

opria

te a

ctio

n an

d re

com

men

ce p

umpi

ng

with

the

appr

oval

of t

he W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer.

Wh

o:

Ope

rato

r

Rep

ort

ing

: Sa

mpl

e re

sults

and

act

ion

take

n - O

pera

tor t

o th

e W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer

Exce

eden

ce o

f CC

P C

ritic

al L

imit

– W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer t

o re

port

to th

e M

anag

er A

sset

Se

rvic

es. M

anag

er A

sset

Ser

vice

s to

ele

vate

to T

echn

ical

Ser

vice

s Di

rect

or w

hen

appr

opria

te.

Drin

king

Wat

er Q

ualit

y M

anag

emen

t S

yste

m

12Q

U07

3

De

cem

ber 2

012

CCC

P 2

M

on

ito

rin

g

Ste

p: D

isin

fect

ion

Haz

ard

/s c

on

tro

lled

: Bac

teria

, viru

ses

Pre

ven

tive

mea

sure

s: C

onta

ct ti

me,

Wh

at:

Free

chl

orin

e P

urp

ose

: To

ens

ure

ther

e is

suf

ficie

nt c

hlor

ine

for d

isin

fect

ion

Wh

ere:

Fi

nish

ed W

ater

Sto

rage

H

ow

: O

nlin

e/G

rab

W

hen

: C

ontin

uous

/Dai

ly

Wh

o:

Ope

rato

r

Ale

rt L

imit

s A

lert

Co

rrec

tio

nal

Mea

sure

s

Ale

rt:

Kyo

gle

an

d B

on

alb

o W

TP

s:

Wh

at:

Imm

edia

tely

take

a c

hlor

ine

grab

sam

ple

to v

erify

the

resu

lt.

If

poss

ible

boo

st c

hlor

ine

leve

ls to

1.0

to 1

.5m

g/L

rang

e W

ho

: O

pera

tor

Rep

ort

ing

: S

ampl

e re

sults

and

act

ion

take

n - W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer

Cri

tica

l Lim

its

Cri

tica

l Co

rrec

tio

nal

Mea

sure

s

Cri

tica

l: K

yog

le a

nd

Bo

nal

bo

WT

Ps:

Lo

w: 0

.2 m

g/L

Hig

h: 2

.00

mg/

L

Wh

at:

Imm

edia

tely

take

a c

hlor

ine

grab

sam

ple

to v

erify

the

resu

lt.

Su

spen

d w

ater

tran

sfer

if th

e re

sam

ple

is <

0.2

or >

2.0

mg/

L.

Re

ctify

issu

e an

d ad

just

chl

orin

e to

at l

east

> 1

.0 m

g/L

and

< 1.

5 m

g/L.

Che

ck re

ticul

atio

n fo

r res

idua

l chl

orin

e an

d re

fer t

o C

CP3

onc

e re

sults

are

kno

wn.

Rec

omm

ence

pum

ping

with

the

appr

oval

of t

he W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer.

Wh

o:

Ope

rato

r R

epo

rtin

g:

Sam

ple

resu

lts a

nd a

ctio

n ta

ken

- Ope

rato

r to

the

Wat

er a

nd S

ewer

age

Ove

rsee

r

Exce

eden

ce o

f CC

P C

ritic

al L

imit

– W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer t

o re

port

to th

e M

anag

er A

sset

Se

rvic

es. M

anag

er A

sset

Ser

vice

s to

ele

vate

to T

echn

ical

Ser

vice

s Di

rect

or w

hen

appr

opria

te.

CCC

P 3

M

on

ito

rin

g

Drin

king

Wat

er Q

ualit

y M

anag

emen

t S

yste

m

12Q

U07

4

De

cem

ber 2

012

CCC

P 3

M

on

ito

rin

g

Ste

p: R

etic

ulat

ion/

rech

lorin

atio

n H

azar

d/s

co

ntr

olle

d: B

acte

ria; o

ppor

tuni

stic

pa

thog

ens,

viru

ses

& ch

lorin

e P

reve

nti

ve m

easu

res:

C

hlor

ine

resi

dual

mai

ntai

ned;

rech

lorin

atio

n (W

oode

nbon

g)

Wh

at:

Free

chl

orin

e P

urp

ose

: To

ens

ure

ther

e is

suf

ficie

nt c

hlor

ine

to p

reve

nt re

cont

amin

atio

n W

her

e:

Retic

ulat

ion

syst

ems

and

trans

fer m

ains

H

ow

: G

rab

sam

ples

W

hen

: W

eekl

y W

ho

: Ri

chm

ond

Wat

er L

abor

ator

ies

Ale

rt L

imit

s A

lert

Co

rrec

tio

nal

Mea

sure

s

Ale

rt:

< 0.

1 m

g/L

or >

1.0

mg/

L

Wh

at:

Imm

edia

tely

take

an

addi

tiona

l chl

orin

e gr

ab s

ampl

e/s

from

the

retic

ulat

ion

to v

erify

the

resu

lt.

In

vest

igat

e an

d ve

rify

chor

ine

leve

ls a

t tre

atm

ent s

ourc

e, s

ee C

CP2

onc

e re

sults

are

kno

wn

If po

ssib

le b

oost

chl

orin

e le

vels

to 0

.5 m

g/L

by e

ither

incr

easi

ng a

t rec

hlor

inat

ion

poin

t, tre

atm

ent

sour

ce, o

r man

ually

dos

ing

rese

rvoi

r/s

C

onsi

der f

lush

ing

the

rele

vant

mai

ns a

nd d

ead

ends

W

ho

: O

pera

tor

Rep

ort

ing

: S

ampl

e re

sults

and

act

ion

take

n –

Man

ager

Ass

et S

ervi

ces

Cri

tica

l Lim

its

Cri

tica

l Co

rrec

tio

nal

Mea

sure

s

Cri

tica

l:

< 0.

05 o

r > 2

.5 m

g/L

for t

wo

cons

ecut

ive

sam

ples

Wh

at:

Imm

edia

tely

take

an

addi

tiona

l chl

orin

e gr

ab s

ampl

e/s

from

the

retic

ulat

ion

to v

erify

the

resu

lt.

In

vest

igat

e an

d ve

rify

chor

ine

leve

ls a

t tre

atm

ent s

ourc

e, s

ee C

CP2

onc

e re

sults

are

kno

wn

Rect

ify is

sue

and

adju

st c

hlor

ine

to >

0.1

and

< 1

.0 m

g/L

by e

ither

incr

easi

ng a

t rec

hlor

inat

ion

poin

t, tre

atm

ent s

ourc

e, o

r man

ually

dos

ing

rese

rvoi

r/s

C

onsi

der f

lush

ing

the

rele

vant

mai

ns a

nd d

ead

ends

. W

ho

: O

pera

tor

Rep

ort

ing

: Sa

mpl

e re

sults

and

act

ion

take

n - O

pera

tor t

o th

e W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer

Exce

eden

ce o

f CC

P C

ritic

al L

imit

– W

ater

and

Sew

erag

e O

vers

eer t

o re

port

to th

e M

anag

er A

sset

Se

rvic

es. M

anag

er A

sset

Ser

vice

s to

ele

vate

to T

echn

ical

Ser

vice

s Di

rect

or w

hen

appr

opria

te.

Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 E December 2012

Appendix E

Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan


Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan

December 2012

viridis.net.au


Operational and Verification

Monitoring Plan


Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Drinking Water Management System - Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan, prepared for Kyogle by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.



12NS07 i December 2012


1.1� Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1�

1.2� Scope ....................................................................................................................... 1�

1.3� Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1�

2� Operational Monitoring .................................................................................................... 2�

3� Verification Monitoring .................................................................................................... 4�

4� Event Based Monitoring .................................................................................................. 7�

5� References ........................................................................................................................ 8�


12NS07 ii December 2012

Document history and status


0.1 13/11/2012 K. Pither 13/11/2012 Monitoring schedules to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G. Kennet 23/11/2012 Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final

Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Viridis Consultants Name of client: Kyogle Council

Name of project: Drinking Water Management System Name of document: Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07


12NS07 1 December 2012

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose

This Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan is a supporting document within the Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System (DWMS).

1.2 Scope

This plan covers the monitoring of the Kyogle Councils drinking water treatment system from the raw water sources at Peacock and Richmond Creek, thorugh the Kyogle and Bonalbo Treatment Plants (WTPs), re-chlorination facility at Woodenbong and the distribution system for the Kyogle, Bonalbo and Woodenbong/Muli Muli systems.

1.3 Objectives

The plan aims to: • identify parameters for operational, verification and event based monitoring • identify locations and frequencies for monitoring • identify operational limits (where appropriate)



2 Operational Monitoring The Kyogle WTP operational monitoring requiremesnts are identified below:

Type Parameter Raw Water

Clarke's Lane, Richmond River Water Supply Weir Pool

Clear Water

Fluoride Sampling Location

Physical Biochemial Oxygen Demand M (RWL) Disinfection residual Chlorine D

Physical Colour D D

Chemical Fluoride ion D D M (RWL)

Physical pH D M (RWL) D Physical Suspended solids M (RWL) Chemical Total N M (RWL) Chemical Total P M (RWL) Physical Turbidity D D

Pesticides Organochlorides R Pesticides Organophosphates R

The Bonalbo WTP operational monitoring requiremesnts are identified below:

Type Parameter Raw Water Petrochilos Dam

Raw Water Inlet

Clear Water

Algal Algal cells by type and species M (RWL) Disinfection residual Chlorine (free) D Disinfection residual Chlorine (total) D Physical Colour (apparent) 6M D D

Water Treatment Chemical Fluoride D Chemical Iron (total) 6M W Chemical Manganese (total) 6M W Physical pH 6M D D Physical Turbidity 6M D D

W – Weekly Y – Yearly M – Monthly R – as required 6M – six monthly RWL – Richmond Water Labs



The operational monitoring limits for Kyogle and Bonalbo WTP are identified below:

Type Parameter Clear Water

Algal Algal cells by type and species < 500 cells Disinfection residual Chlorine (free) > 0.5 and < 1.5 mg/L Physical Colour (apparent) < 5 Pt Co

Water Treatment Chemical Fluoride >0.9 and < 1.1 mg/L

Chemical Iron (total) < 0.3 mg/L Chemical Manganese (total) < 0.1 mg/L Physical pH > 7.0 and < 8.5 Physical Turbidity < 1.0 NTU



3 Verification Monitoring Kyogle Council participate in the NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program, the monitoring locations are identified in Table 1. The results from the NSW Health monitoring program are recorded on the NSW Health Drinking Water Database, which Kyogle Council can access and review.

The weekly microbiological samples are collected by Richmond Water Laboratories (RWL) on Councils behalf, and tested by both the RWL and Lismore Pathology Laboratory operated by the North Coast Area Health Service. Results are sent by e-mail to staff at Kyogle Council, Tenterfield Shire Council, and NSW Health as soon as they are available, and interim results are distributed from the Pathology Lab. Review of the results are undertaken by the Manager Asset Services:

• after the result of each microbiological sample is reported • annually for trends and water quality implications Table 1 NSW Health monitoring locations

Water Supply Location Details

Kyogle Water Supply Kyogle area water supply reticulation "Hurley Park"

Site ID KG-01-001 - Mount Street Kyogle - Tap adjacent to reservoir, Hurley Park

Kyogle Water Supply Geneva area water supply reticulation "James Street"

Site ID KG-01-002 - 22 James Street Kyogle - House yard tap

Bonalbo Water Supply Bonalbo water supply reticulation "Bonalbo Amenities"

Site ID KG-02-001 - Tap adjacent to the park Bonalbo


Urbenville village water supply reticulation "Urbenville Park"

Site ID KG-03-001 - Urbenville Park Urbenville - Tap adjacent to the Tenterfield Shire Depot


Muli Muli community water supply reticulation "Muli Muli"

Site ID KG-03-002 - Muli Muli Community office Muli Muli - Front tap


Woodenbong village water supply reticulation "Woodenbong Police Station"

Site ID KG-03-003 - Swimming pool Woodenbong - tap adjacent to amenities

The verification monitoring requirements are identified below:

Drin

king

Wat

er M

anag

emen

t S

yste

m

12N

S07

5

Dece

mbe

r 201

2

Type

Pa

ram

eter

Kyog

le

Retic

ulat

ion

Kyog

le

Retic

ulat

ion

Hur

ley

Park

Gen

eva

retic

ulat

ion

Jam

es

Stre

et

Kyog

le

Retic

ulat

ion

Rand

om

Sam

ple

Bona

lbo

Retic

ulat

ion

Bona

lbo

Amen

ities

Bona

lbo

Retic

ulat

ion

Bona

lbo

Pool

She

d

Mul

i Mul

i Re

ticul

atio

n LA

LC O

ffice

Woo

denb

ong

Retic

ulat

ion

W

oode

nbon

g Po

lice

Stat

ion

Tool

oom

C

reek

Ex

tract

ion

Poin

t for

U

MM

WW

S

Urb

envi

lle

Retic

ulat

ion

Urb

envi

lle

Villa

ge

Alga

e Al

gae

cells

by

type

an

d sp

ecie

s M

/R

M/R

M

/R

M/R

M

/R

Wat

er T

reat

men

t Che

mic

al

Alum

iniu

m

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Antim

ony

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Arse

nic

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Bariu

m

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Boro

n 6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s C

adm

ium

6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s C

alci

um

6M

6M

6M

Wat

er T

reat

men

t Che

mic

al

Chl

orid

e 6M

W

W

W

W

W

W

M

etal

s C

hrom

ium

6M

6M

6M

Ph

ysic

al

Col

our

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Cop

per

6M

6M

6M

Mic

robi

olog

ical

E

. col

i W

W

W

W

W

W

W

ater

Tre

atm

ent C

hem

ical

Fl

uorid

e

6M

6M

6M

Wat

er T

reat

men

t Che

mic

al

Fluo

ride

ion

6M

M

6M

M

6M

Phys

ical

H

ardn

ess

(as

CaC

O3)

6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s Io

dine

6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s Iro

n 6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s Le

ad

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Mag

nesi

um

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Man

gane

se

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Mer

cury

6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s M

olyb

denu

m

6M

6M

6M

Drin

king

Wat

er M

anag

emen

t S

yste

m

12N

S07

6

Dece

mbe

r 201

2

Met

als

Nic

kel

6M

6M

6M

Gen

eral

N

itrat

e 6M

6M

6M

G

ener

al

Nitr

ite

6M

6M

6M

Phys

ical

pH

6M

W

W

W

W

W

W

Ra

dion

uclid

es

Radi

onuc

lides

6M

6M

6M

M

etal

s Se

leni

um

6M

6M

6M

Met

als

Silv

er

6M

6M

6M

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als

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um

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6M

6M

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6M

6M

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anic

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4 Event Based Monitoring The event based monitoring requirements for Kyogle Council are identified below: Event Parameters Frequency Location

Lake roll over - grab samples

Arsenic Iron Manganese Lead Turbidity Colour Temperature DO pH

Weekly for 4 weeks

Petrocholis Dam

Lake roll over - profiling

pH Temperature DO Turbidity

Weekly for 4 weeks

Petrocholis Dam

Major inflow event pH Conductivity Turbidiity Colour TDS Faecal coliforms E. coli Aluminium Lead Tin Zinc Arsenic Iron Manganese TOC Cryptosporidium

Twice weekly during flow periods Manganese daily

Bonalbo - Peacock Creek and Petrochilos Dam Kyogle - Richmond River, Kyogle Weir

Bushfire Turbidity Colour TOC

As required Bonalbo - Peacock Creek, Petrochilos Dam Kyogle - Richmond River, Kyogle Weir

Blue-green algae bloom

Blue Green algae count & ID pH DO Cyanotoxins as required

Weekly during bloom

Bonalbo - Reticulation and Petrochilos Dam Woodenbong/Muli Muli - Reticulation Kyogle - Richmond River, Kyogle Weir and reticulation



5 References NHMRC & NRMMC 2011, National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. 6th Ed., National Health and Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Australian Government, Canberra.

Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 F December 2012

Appendix F Improvement Plan

Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System

Improvement Plan

December 2012

viridis.net.au

Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan

12NS07-R94 – 1.0 i December 2012

Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System

Improvement Plan


Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System - Improvement Plan, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.



12NS07-R94 – 1.0 ii December 2012


1.1� Scope ....................................................................................................................... 1�

1.2� Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1�

2� Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................... 2�

3� Improvement Actions ...................................................................................................... 3�

3.1� Identification ............................................................................................................. 3�

3.2� Prioritisation ............................................................................................................. 3�

3.3� Improvements ........................................................................................................ 3�

3.4� Funding .................................................................................................................... 4�

4� Review ............................................................................................................................... 5�

Appendices Appendix A Improvement Schedule ........................................................................................ A

Tables

Table 1 Level 1 Improvement Items .......................................................................................... 3�


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 iii December 2012



0.1 4/10/12 K. Pither 4/10/2012 Draft to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G. Kennet 23/11/2012 Kyogle Council Comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final


Name of project: Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System Name of document: Improvement Plan Document number R94 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 1 December 2012

1 Introduction This is the Improvement Plan for the Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System (DWMS). It has been developed to address identified needs for the full implementation of the DWMS and compliance with the NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems (Draft 2012) (the Guideline).

This Improvement Plan demonstrates how Kyogle Council will address the risks identified in the risk assessment and areas requiring improvement to implement the 12 Elements of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 (ADWG). The Plan outlines the management measures, timeframes and responsibility for implementation.

1.1 Scope

This Improvement Plan encompasses the improvements that have been identified through the development of the DWMS including the water quality risk assessment process or to improve compliance with the Guideline.

1.2 Objectives

The ADWG specifies a risk management approach to managing drinking water quality. Guiding Principle Six states ensuring drinking water safety and quality requires the application of a considered risk management approach. Risk management is about taking a carefully considered course of action. As the obligation is to ensure safe water and protect public health, the balancing process must be tipped in favour of taking a precautionary approach.

This Improvement Plan prioritises resources on high risks, ensuring the safest possible drinking water. It also sets out a framework for continual improvement in water quality.


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 2 December 2012

2 Regulatory Framework The Public Health Act 2010 (the Act) requires each drinking water supplier to prepare a quality assurance program for their drinking water service in the form of a DWMS that addresses the 12 elements in the ADWG.

The Guideline outlines the actions that must be undertaken to address the 12 elements. Following completion of the actions for each element, areas for improvement must be identified and recorded in an Improvement Plan

The Guideline states that the actions for improvement can be identified from a range of sources, for example, areas of improvement identified when developing or reviewing the drinking water management system, including:

• actions from the risk assessment (Elements 2 and 3) • the water supplier’s continuous improvement system • Local Government Act 1993 (NSW) Section 31 (1)(b) Corrective Actions (a direction from

the Minister) • water quality actions from the water supplier’s Annual Action Plan to Council following

review of the documents made under the NSW Best Practice management of water supply and sewerage framework.


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 3 December 2012

3 Improvement Actions

3.1 Identification

Improvement actions were identified through the risk assessment process and during the development of the DWMS. The risk assessment identified residual risks that are considered significant (unacceptable) which require additional risk treatments as described in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report (Appendix A, DWMS). To optimise system performance or gain increased understanding of system performance, additional risk treatments were identified for certain acceptable risks. During the development of the DWMS, additional improvements were also identified in response to the guideline requirements. It is also noted that under the Local Government Act 1993 (NSW) Section 31 (1)(b) the Minister can also direct a water supplier to make improvements to the water treatment and supply works.

All improvement actions, including the priority and responsibilities are identified in Appendix A.

3.2 Prioritisation

The priority of each action was determined using level of risk, as follows:

• Level 1 priority was assigned to hazardous events with a residual risk of High or Extreme and must be actioned within 12 months of acceptance of this DWMS.

• Level 2 priority was assigned to hazardous events with a residual risk of Medium (9) or Medium (8) and must be actioned within 24 months of acceptance of this DWMS.

• Level 3 priority was assigned to hazardous events with a residual risk of Medium (6) or lower where improvements were identified. These improvements are intended to optimize system performance or assist gain greater knowledge of supply. They are to be actioned within 48 months. �

Level 2 priority is also assigned to all deficiencies identified in the DWMS to meet the Guideline requirements or to strengthen the DWMS. �

3.3 Improvements �

The improvements listed in Table 1 are identified as a Level 1 priority and will require action within the next 12 months.

Table 1 Level 1 Improvement Items

Ref Scheme Improvement Actions

WQ2 Kyogle Review options for SMS alarms on raw water turbidity to adjust alum dose or shut down

WQ5 Kyogle Investigate monitoring sludge (e.g. Sludge Judge)

WQ6 Kyogle Investigate options for improved solids removal as part of WTP upgrade

WQ7 Kyogle Investigate options for monitoring individual filter turbidity as part of the WTP upgrade

WQ8 Kyogle Target water quality for the WTP upgrade to meet requirements for ADWG 2011


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 4 December 2012

Ref Scheme Improvement Actions

WQ9 Kyogle Install turbidity meter on clear water outlet to ensure out of spec water does not reach consumers

WQ10 Kyogle Include alarms for high (alert) and high high (shut down).

3.4 Funding

All projects will be internally funded through either the Annual Capital Program or the Operations and Maintenance budget, depending on the nature of the project.


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 5 December 2012

4 Review It is the responsibility of the Manager Asset Services to ensure that this document is up-to-date and is communicated to employees. The support, commitment and ongoing involvement of the Director Technical Services is essential for the continual improvement of the organisation’s activities related to drinking water.

This plan is to be reviewed as appropriate and at least annually.

Details of the improvement actions in Appendix A are to be updated in the spreadsheet as and when required, it is to be treated as a live document.


12NS07-R94 – 1.0 A December 2012

Appendix A

Improvement Schedule

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Appendices

12NS07-R89-1.0 G December 2012

Appendix G Awareness Training Presentation

1/15/2013

1

Awareness�Training

PurposeEducate�and�raise�staff�awareness�on�drinking�water�management�and�the�Kyogle�Council�Drinking�Water�Management�System�

Content� Why�have�a�management�system�and�what�can�go�wrong�if�not�managed�correctly?

� Requirement�for�a�Drinking�Water�Management�System�(DWMS)

� Overview�of�the�Kyogle�Council�DWMS

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Why�have�a�drinking�water�management�system?� A�Drinking�Water�Management�Systems�is�a�risk�management�plan,�that�follows�the�12�Elements�of�the�Australian�Drinking�Water�Guidelines�(ADWG).

� The�12�Elements�are�a�framework�for�managing�risks�in�drinking�water.

� Incidents�are�usually�the�result�of�systematic�failures�in�a�supply�system�where�risks�are�not�reliably�identified�and�managed.

� Water�quality�incidents�can�result�in�widespread�illness�and�disease,�ongoing�health�issues�and�in�extreme�cases,�death.

� Cryptosporidium oocsysts �largest�documented�outbreak�in�U.S�history

� 400,000�residents�infected� source�unknown�(likely�to�be�from�faecal contamination�from�runoff�into�Lake�Michigan)

� chlorination�not�effective�therefore�filtration�was�the�critical�process

� increased�turbidity�at�WTP�identified�in�the�lead�up�to�outbreak

1993�– Cryptosporidium outbreak,�Milwaukee,�Wisconsin

Outcomes�include�improved:� watershed�protection� public�health�surveillance� process�monitoring�� plant�modernisation.

Immunofluorescence�image�of�C.�parvumoocysts.�Source�Wikipedia

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� small�rural�community� 7�deaths,�2,300�infected� heavy�rainfall�caused�cattle�manure�to�be�washed�into�a�shallow�water�supply�well

� inadequate�chlorine�dose� failure�to�test�chlorine�residuals

� falsified�log�entries�and�reports

� operators�had�no�formal�training

� operators�were�found�to�be�drinking�alcohol�on�the�job

http://www.waterandhealth.org/drinkingwater/fiveyears.html

Outcome:� criminal�charges�for�manager�and�operator.

Recommendations:� improve�training� increase�funding�to�ensure�adequate�oversight�of�operations

� improve�record�keeping,�log�books�and�review�processes

� improve�environmental�protection

� implement�multiple�barriers

2002�– Campylobacter and�E.�coli�outbreak,�Walkerton,�Ontario

1998,�Cryptosporidium and�Giardiaevents,�Sydney

� establish�Sydney�Catchment�Authority

� improve�definition�of�powers�and�roles

� improve�research,�monitoring,�incident�reporting�and�strategies

� establish�protocols�with�council,�NSW�Health�and�EPA��

� heavy�rains�following�long�drought�period�resulted�in�low�quality�runoff

� drought�and�bushfires�had�reduced�vegetation�in�the�catchment�– a�natural�buffer

� three�contamination�events�recorded

� Sydney�wide�boil�water�alert� $50,000�000�cost�and�loss�of�

reputationRecommendations:� change�Sydney�Water�and�

Hunter�Water�to�statutory�owned�corporations

http://www.sydneywater.com.au/

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2005�– Recycled�water�cross�connection,�Newington.� Sydney�Olympic�Park�provide�

recycled�water�to�approximately�1,500�properties,�Sydney�water�provide�the�drinking�and�wastewater�services.

� Two�cross�connections�between�the�drinking�and�recycled�water�systems�were�discovered�following�a�customer�complaint�about�the�taste�of�their�water.

� The�cross�connections�were�due�to�a�plumbing�fault�in�the�service�pipes�and�may�have�occurred�anytime�between�2001�and�2005.

� recycled�water�was�turned�off� 1500�house�were�audited� new�protocols�for�inspecting�

dwellings�for�cross�connections�were�developed

www.sydneywater.com.au www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au

2011�– Salmonella outbreak,�Roma,�Queensland� Salmonella�typhimurium� 26�cases�of�illness,�3�hospitalised� probable�cause�– backflow�from�

underground�storage�tanks�that�were�home�to�numerous�frogs

� water�supply�system�comprised�of�complex�network�of�14bores,�six�reservoirs�and�3�underground�storage�tanks,�interconnected�via�the�reticulation�system

� only�four�of�the�bores�were�chlorinated

www.wqra.com.au

Outcomes� super�chlorination�and�flushing�

of�network�� boil�water�alerts� decommissioning�of��3�

underground�storages� isolation�of�3�bores� increase�in�sampling

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Public�Health�Act�2010

Statutory�Requirement� The�Public�Health�Act�2010 and�the�Public�Health�Regulation�2012 have�requirements�for�water�utilities,�private�water�suppliers,�and�water�carters.

� From�1�September�2014,�suppliers�of�drinking�water�are�required�to�establish�and�adhere�to�a�quality�assurance�program�by�preparing�and�implementing�a�Drinking�Water�Management�System�(DWMS).

� NSW�Health�has�prepared�a�guidance�document�and�four�examples�of�DWMSs.�This�guidance�is�applicable�to�local�water�utilities�and�larger�private�suppliers.�

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Requirements�for�a�DWMS� The�quality�assurance�program�(DWMS)�must�address�the�elements�of�the�Framework�for�the�Management�of�Drinking�Water�Quality,�set�out�in�the�Australian�Drinking�Water�Guidelines�(ADWG).�

� A�supplier�of�drinking�water�will�be�required�to�provide�NSW�Health�with�a�copy�of�its�most�recent�quality�assurance�program�

� A�review�of�the�supplier’s�quality�assurance�program�can�be�arranged�by�NSW�Health�at�any�time.�

Framew

ork�ElementsNSW�Guidelines�for�Drinking�Water�Management�Systems�2012

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Documentation

DWMS

Improvement Plan

Monitoring Plans

Risk Assessment Workshop

Report

Risk Assessment

Briefing Paper

Risk Register

Water Quality Data

Legal & Other

Reqirements

Policy

Stakeholders

CCP Procedures

Operational Procedures

Information

Kyogle�Council�operates�three�water�supplies�servicing�around�four�thousand�people�in�the�township�of�Kyogle�and�the�villages�of�Bonalbo�and�Woodenbong,�and�the�aboriginal�community�of�MuliMuli.

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Responsibilities� The�Chief�Executive�Officer�is�responsible�for�implementing�and�maintaining�this�DWMS.�

� Those�employees�within�the�Organisational�Structure�with�responsibilities�directly�related�to�water�quality�management�have�those�requirements�relevant�to�their�position�reflected�in�their�Position�Description�(PD).

� The�Drinking�Water�Policy�provides�a�commitment�to�ensuring�that�managers,�employees�and�contactors�are�aware�of�their�responsibility�to�implement�the�DWMS.��The�DWMS�states�where�there�are�relevant�responsibilities.

� The�Legal�and�Other�Requirements�Register identifies�the�position�with�responsibilities�under�each�of�the�requirements.

Kyogle�Council�PolicyTo�meet�the�objectives�set�out�in�this�policy,�and�in�partnerships�with�stakeholders�and�relevant�agencies,�Kyogle�Council�will:�� manage�water�quality�at�all�points�along�the�delivery�chain�from�source�water�to�the�consumer;�� use�a�risk�based�approach�in�which�potential�threats�to�water�quality�are�identified�and�balanced;�� integrate�the�needs�and�expectations�of�our�consumers,�stakeholders,�regulators�and�employees�into�

our�planning;�� establish�regular�monitoring�of�the�quality�of�drinking�water�and�effective�reporting�mechanisms�to�

provide�relevant�and�timely�information,�and�promote�confidence�in�the�water�supply�and�its�management;�

� develop�appropriate�contingency�planning�and�incident�response�capability;�� participate�in�appropriate�research�and�development�activities�to�ensure�continued�understanding�of�

drinking�water�quality�issues�and�performance;�� contribute�to�the�debate�on�setting�industry�regulations�and�guidelines,�and�other�standards�relevant�

to�public�health�and�the�water�cycle;�� continually�improve�our�practices�by�assessing�performance�against�corporate�commitments�and�

stakeholder�expectations.�� implement�and�maintain�a�drinking�water�quality�management�system�consistent�with�the�Australian�

Drinking�Water�Guidelines�to�manage�effectively�the�risks�to�drinking�water�quality.�� ensure�all�managers�and�employees�involved�in�the�supply�of�drinking�water�are�responsible�for�

understanding,�implementing,�maintaining�and�continuously�improving�the�drinking�water�quality�management�system.�

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Legal�and�other�Requirements�Register

Appendix�C�of�the�DWMS

� Identifies�statutory�requirements� Contains�the�following�detail:

� Regulatory�Instrument� Authority� Requirement�– brief�description� How�Kyogle�Council�addresses�the�requirements

� Responsibility

Stakeholder�EngagementTable�3�of�the�DWMS.

� Identifies�the�relevant�stakeholders�for�the�Kyogle�Council�drinking�water�service�and�describes�how�Kyogle�Council�engage�with�their�stakeholders.

� Stakeholders�include� Tenterfield Shire�Council� consumers� NSW�Health�and�NSW�Office�of�Water

� other�relevant�organisations

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Water�Supply�System�AnalysisSection�2�of�the�DWMS� Understanding�the�infrastructure�of�the�service�is�a�critical�first�step�for�identifying�the�hazards�and�hazardous�events�that�can�compromise�drinking�water�quality,�and�ensuring�that�risks�are�addressed.

� Infrastructure�details�include�all�the�key�components�that�form�part�of�the�service,�from�catchment�to�consumer,�including:� Source� Treatment�process� Disinfection�process� Distribution�and�reticulation�system�including�reservoirs�and�pump�stations�

� Stakeholders�(who�are�relevant�to�drinking�water�quality�management).

The�Kyogle�Water�Supply�System�is�summarised as� On�stream�storage�behind�artificial�weir�in�the�Richmond�River�of�25�ML�� Raw�water�pump�station�at�weir�68�L/s�� Water�Treatment�Plant�3�ML/day,�(flocculation/sedimentation/gravity�sand�filters�

train�1.5�ML/day)�and�(flocculation/clarification/pressure�filter�train�1.5�ML/d),�fluoridation�and�chlorination�

� Clear�water�pumping�station�54�L/s�� Hill�Street�Reservoir�1.5�ML�� Mount�Street�Reservoir�2.2�ML�and�James�Street�Reservoir�1.1�ML�� 1209�residential�connections�� 275�non�residential�connections�� 44km�of�reticulation�mains�� Approximate�population�serviced�by�water�supply�– 3,200�� Original�construction�date�1933,�augmentation�in�1956� �

Kyogle�System

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The�Bonalbo�Water�Supply�System�is�summarised as� River�bed�extraction�system�Peacock�Creek�� Raw�water�pumping�station�3L/s�� Bore�at�river�extraction�point�1L/s�� Off�stream�storage�(Petrochilos�Dam)�45ML�� Raw�water�pump�station�5.7L/s�� Water�Treatment�Plant�0.3ML/day�flocculation,�DAF�

and�gravity�sand�filter,�fluoridation�and�chlorination�� Clear�water�pumping�station�4.7L/s�� Bonalbo�Reservoir�0.9ML�� 165�residential�connections�� 37�non�residential�connections�� 7km�of�reticulation�mains�� 2km�trunk�mains�� Approximate�population�serviced�by�water�supply�– 350�� Original�construction�1966,�Water�Treatment�Plant�constructed�2010�

Bonalbo�System

Woodenbong/Muli Muli SystemThe�Woodenbong/Muli Muli Scheme�is�summarised as� On�stream�storage�behind�natural�weir�on�Tooloom Creek�of�160ML�(Tenterfield LGA)�� Raw�water�pumping�station�9L/s�(Tenterfield LGA)�� 0.7ML/day�Water�Treatment�Plant,�flocculation,�DAF�over�sand�filter,�fluoridation�

(Tenterfield LGA)�� Clear�water�pumping�station�12L/s�(Tenterfield LGA)�� Urbenville Reservoir�0.9ML�(Tenterfield LGA)�� Booster�Pump�Station�12L/s�and�re�chlorination�(Kyogle�LGA)�� Woodenbong Reservoir�0.7ML�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 179�residential�connections�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 68�non�residential�connections�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 6km�of�reticulation�mains�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 9.5km�trunk�mains�in�Kyogle�LGA�� 7km�trunk�mains�within�Tenterfield LGA�� Approximate�population�serviced�by�water�supply�– Woodenbong 400,�Muli Muli 220,�

Urbenville 280�� Original�Construction�1965,�Water�Treatment�Plant�constructed�2010�

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Risk�AssessmentSection�2�of�the�DWMS�and�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report

� Risk�analysis�determines�which�hazards��and�hazardous�events�are�significant� A�significant�hazard�and�hazardous�event�must�be�prevented,�eliminated�or�reduced�to�acceptable�levels�to�produce�safe�and�acceptable�drinking�water�

� Maximum�risks�that�are�determined�as�not�significant�might�not�require�further�consideration�through�the�process

� Risk�analysis�is�all�about:�Prioritisation� Risk�=�Consequence�x�Likelihood

Risk�Assessment�Workshop��Hazard�IdentificationSection�2�of�the�DWMS�and�the�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report�(including�the�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Briefing�Paper)

Risk�Assessment�Workshop�(July�2012)� Attended�by�managers,�operators,�catchment�officers,�EHOs,�NSW�Health,�NSW�Office�of�Water,�

� Review�of�upstream�risk�(catchment�assessment)� Review�of�water�quality�data�and�system�performance� Review�of�water�supply�system�and�distribution�system

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Water�Quality�Data�AnalysisData�from:� all�sources�– Peacock�Creek,�Richmond�River� processes�– turbidity,�chlorination� treated�water�– reservoirs,�trunk�mains,�consumer�points

Kyogle�Raw�Water Kyogle�Treated�Water

Linkages

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Definitions� Risk is�the�likelihood�of�identified�hazards�causing�harm�in�exposed�populations�in�a�specified�timeframe,�including�the�severity�of�the�consequences.

� Hazard is�a�biological,�chemical,�physical�or�radiological�agent�that�has�the�potential�to�cause�harm�(contaminant).

� Hazardous�event�is�an�incident�or�situation�that�can�lead�to�the�presence�of�a�hazard�(what�can�happen�and�how).

� Preventative�measure�is�any�planned�action,�activity�or�process�that�is�used�to�prevent�hazards�from�occurring�or�reduce�them�to�an�acceptable�level.

Definitions� Inherent�risk – this�is�the�level�of�risk�in�Kyogle�Council’s�raw�water�sources,�Richmond�River�and�Peacock�Creek.

� Maximum�risk – risk�without�existing�barriers/preventive�measures�in�place.�Therefore,�maximum�risk�is�the�inherent�risk�plus�any�additional�sources�of�hazards/�hazardous�events�due�to�Kyogle�Council’s�treatment�and�/or�distribution�network.

� Residual�risk – the�risk�after�current�barriers�and�preventive�measures�are�taken�into�consideration.

� Significant�risk�– risk�that�is�outside�the�acceptable�range�(greater�than�Medium�8)

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Inherent�Risk�Inherent�risk�is�the�level�risk�in�the�raw�water�without�treatment.

Low

Medium <8

Medium �8

High

Extreme

A�number�of�significant�inherent�risks�need�to�be�managed

Kyogle�WTP

Bonalbo�WTP

Kyogle WTP Inherent Risk Bonalbo WTP Inherent Risk

Kyogle�Council�does�not�control�raw�water�collection�or�treatment�processes�for�the�Woodenbong/Muli Muli scheme�therefore�the�risks�associated�with�the�distribution�of�water�for�this�system�were�assessed�as�part�of�the�distribution�system�as�a�whole.�

Maximum�and�Residual�RiskMaximum�risk�is�without�existing�barriers�in�place.Residual�risk�is�the�risk�with�existing�barriers�in�place.

Low

Medium <8

Medium �8

High

Extreme

� Prior�to�the�application�of�preventative�measures,�the�maximum�risk�was�outside�the�acceptable�range�for�a�high�proportion�of�hazardous�events�in�the�Kyogle�system.�

� The�residual�risk�pie�chart�demonstrates�that�significant�residual�risks�remain�and�additional�risk�treatments�are�required�for�the�Kyogle�system.�

Kyogle WTP Maximum Risk Kyogle WTP Residual Risk Bonalbo WTP Maximum Risk Bonalbo WTP Residual Risk

� The�Bonalbo�system�had�a�number�of�significant�maximum�risks,�however�the�existing�preventative�measures�reduce�the�the�risk�considerably.�

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Distribution�System� The�risks�associated�with�the�distribution�system�were�assessed�at�the�same�time�for�all�systems.�� The�residual�risk�pie�chart�indicates�that�there�are�many�significant�risks�are�reduced�by�existing�preventative�measures,�however�additional�measures�are�required�to�reduce�all�significant�risks�in�the�distribution.

Distribu on SystemMaximum Risk Distribu on System Residual Risk

Low

Medium <8

Medium �8

High

Extreme

New�hazards�can�be�introduced�during�the�storage�and�distribution�of�treated�water,�for�example�through�stagnation�or�backflow.

Whole�of�System� Whole�of�system�hazardous�events�were�identified�and�analysed�to�determine�where�organisational�issues�may�result�in�a�water�quality�risk.�

� The�pie�charts�indicate�that�the�maximum�risk�is�high�for�a�number�of�hazardous�events�however�current�preventative�measures�reduce�most�unacceptable�risks�to�within�the�acceptable�range.

� Whole�of�system�includes�contracts,�agreements,�training,�resources�and�management�procedures.

Whole of System Maximum Risk Whole of System Residual Risk

Low

Medium <8

Medium �8

High

Extreme

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Preventive�MeasuresSection�3�of�the�DWMS�and�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report� Preventive�measures�identified�

in�the�risk�assessment�are�assessed�to�determine�if�they�are�a�Critical�Control�Point�(CCPs).

� All�preventative�measures�for�significant�risks�are�identified�in�the�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report.

� Preventative�measure�for�significant�risks�must�be�implemented�to�ensure�all�risks�are�managed.

Do existing preventive measures reduce the hazard/risk to an

acceptable level?

Does a preventive measure in this barrier/system component

substantially reduce or eliminate the hazard?

Can operation of the preventive measure be monitored and corrective actions applied in a timely fashion?

Would failure of the preventive measure lead to out of specification

water?

Improvement

Not a CCP

Not a CCP

Not a CCP

CCP

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Operational�ControlSection�3.2�of�the�DWMS�and�the�CCP�Procedures�(Appendix�D)� Corrective�actions�are�those�taken�immediately�to�prevent�hazards�from�reaching�end�users�for�example,�actions�taken�following�noncompliance�with�water�quality�criteria.

� The�effect�of�planned�corrective�actions�is�to�ensure�that�the�preventive�measure�is�brought�under�control�and�non�conforming�water�is�correctly�handled.�

� If�a�target�criterion�is�not�met�then�corrective�action�must�be�taken�in�good�time

� If�a�critical�limit�is�not�met,�the�assumption�that�the�water�is�safe�no�longer�applies�and�a�pre�determined�corrective�action�must�be�taken�urgently.

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CCP�ProceduresSection�3.2�of�the�DWMS�and�the�CCP�Procedures�(Appendix�D)

� CCP�Procedures�have�been�developed�for�the�Kyogle�Council�system�and�are�included�in�the�DWMS�in�Appendix�D.

� CCPs�must�be�monitored�and�have�a�documented�corrective�action�for�exceedences�of�criticaland�alert�limits.

CCP�MonitoringPreventive measure

Parameter Monitoring method

Where When Who Target value for optimal performance

Alert level

Criticallimit

Corrective action procedure

Filtration(Kyogle)

Turbidity Grab Raw waterClear Water Tank

Daily Operator 0.3NTU 0.8NTU 1.0 NTU As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresShut down over critical limit, backwash over alert level

Filtration(Bonalbo)

Turbidity Grab/Online Raw waterClear Water Tank

Daily/Continuous

Operator 0.3NTU 0.8 NTU

1.0 NTU

As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresBackwash at 0.8 NTU, clear water recharge will not occur until 0.4 NTU is achieved, alarm and manual operation if 0.4 NTU cannot be achieved.Shut down over 1.0NTU

Disinfection(Kyogle)

FreeChlorine

Grab/Online Clear Water output main

Daily/Continuous

Operator 0.5mg/L 0.3mg/L 0.2mg/L As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresAlarm will trigger investigation

Disinfection(Bonalbo)

FreeChlorine

Grab/Online Clear Water output main

Daily/Continuous

Operator 0.5mg/L 0.3mg/L 0.2mg/L As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresAlarm will trigger investigation

Re-chlorination

FreeChlorine

Woodenbong Pump Station

0.2mg/L 0.1mg/L 0.05mg/L As per Appendix D – CCP Procedures

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Operational�monitoringSection�4.2

� Operational�monitoring�includes�the�planned�sequence�of�measurements�and�observations�to�assess�and�confirm�the�performance�of�preventive�measures.

� Measurements�are�of�operational�parameters�that�will�indicate�whether�processes�are�functioning�effectively.

� The�Operational�Monitoring�Plan�for�the�Kyogle�Council�supply�system�is�provided�in�Appendix�E�of�the�DWMS.

Verification�MonitoringSection�5�of�the�DWMS

� It�is�monitoring�that�is�undertaken�to�determine�that�the�products�meets�specification.

� It�is�usually�at�the�transfer�point.� It�is�the�water�quality�monitoring�that�is�reported�to�a�regulator.

� In�many�cases�it�differs�from�operational�monitoring�in�that�it�is�historic�(e.g.�metal�results�are�received�1�week�after�water�is�supplied�to�the�customer).

� Verification�monitoring�is�provided�in�Appendix�E.

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Incidents�and�EmergenciesSection�6�of�the�DWMS� Kyogle�Council�responds�to�emergencies�under�the�Kyogle�Council�

DISPLAN.�� Water�quality�incidents�must�be�managed�in�accordance�with�the�

following�protocols:� NSW�Health�Response�Protocol�– Management�of�Microbiological�

Quality�� NSW�Health�Response�Protocol�� Treatment�Failure,�Cryptosporidium�

and�Giardia�� NSW�Health�Response�Protocol�� Management�of�Physical�and�

Chemical�Quality� NSW�Water�Directorate�� Blue�Green�Algae�Management�Protocols� NSW�Code�of�Practice�for�Fluoridation�of�Public�Water�Supplies

Improvement�PlanSection�12.2�of�the�DWMS� Supporting�Document�� Improvement�Plan�(Appendix�F,�DWMS)� Developed�to�address�high�residual�risks�– water�quality�improvements�

detailing� Ref�number� Source�of�the�improvement� Scheme� Project�title� Project�description� Residual�risk� Responsibility� Priority� Timeframe� Status� Outcome

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Improvement�PlanThe�priority�of�each�action�was�determined�using�level�of�risk,�as�follows:� Level�1�priority�was�assigned�to�hazardous�events�with�a�residual�risk�of�High�or�Extreme�

and�must�be�actioned�within�12�months�of�acceptance�of�this�DWMS.�� Level�2�priority�was�assigned�to�hazardous�events�with�a�residual�risk�of�Medium�(9)�or�

Medium�(8)�and�must�be�actioned�within�24�months�of�acceptance�of�this�DWMS.�� Level�3�priority�was�assigned�to�hazardous�events�with�a�residual�risk�of�Medium�(6)�or�

lower�where�improvements�were�identified.�These�improvements�are�intended�to�optimize�system�performance�or�assist�gain�greater�knowledge�of�supply.�They�are�to�be�actioned�within�48�months.�

Level�1�Improvement�Items

Ongoing�DWMS�Implementation�� From�1�September�2014�all�drinking�water�providers�must�have�implemented�and�be�compliant�with�their�DWMS.

� Regular�internal�and�external�auditing�of�the�DWMS�is�required.

� Long�term�evaluation�of�results,�including�performance�of�CCPs,�water�quality�data,�levels�of�service.

� The�DWMS�must�be�submitted�to�the�NSW�Health�Public�Health�Unit�for�review.

� Components�of�the�DWMS�will�be�audited�by�NSW�Health�and�NSW�Office�of�Water.