drilling fluid properties

8/2/2019 Drilling Fluid Properties

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Drilling Fluid Propertiesby Dr iI lin gFo rmu la s.Com on Janua ry 30, 2010Oil Viscosity Measurement CambridgeVis::osly.com/OiAccurate Data With Viscosity Sytems You CanTrust. Contact Us Now!Sud-Chemie Australia www.sud-chemie.com.auRe-Iaunch Bentonil HDG Special PromotionNow On !Audition Now www.lhe2011o~ando.comActing, Modeling, Singing and Dance Ages 6-17.Space is limited.Drilling Fluids Testing www.inlertek.comGlobal Exploration and Production Drill FluidAnalysis Expertise

AdCflloiees I>Dr il lin g f lu id p ro pe rt ie s a re e ss en ti al i nf urmat io n th at eve ry body should und er st an d,D en sity : M u d de ns ity is th e w eig ht p er unit v oh nn e o f mu d a nd n orma lly it is re po rte d in PO lIDdP er Ga llo n ( PPG ). Mu dd en sity is u se d f ur p ro vid in g h yd ro sta tic p re ss ur e to c on tr ol w e ll f ur drilling operationViscosity: Itis d ef in ed a s th e in te rn al re sis ta nc e o fflu id flow . T he re a re 2 ty pe s o f v is co sity wh ic h a re F un ne l V is co sity an dPlas ti c Vi sco s it y.1) Funn el V i scos it y: Itis time, in s ec on ds fu r on e q ua rt ofm ud to flo w th rou gh a M ars h fim ne l wh ic h h as a c ap ac ity o f94 6cm3 (S ee F ig ure 1 ). A q ua rt o f w ate r e xits th e fu nn el in 2 6 s ec on ds . This is not a true v is cos it y, b ut s er ve s a s a q ua li ta tiv em ea su re o f h ow th ic k th e mud s amp le is . T h e f im ne l vis co sity is u se fu l o nly f or re la tiv e c omp aris on s.
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Figure 1 Marsh Funnel2) Plastic Viscosity (PV): A p aram ete r of the B ing ham p las tic rh eolog ica l m ode l (S ee F ig ure 3). P V is th e s lo pe o f th e s he ars tre ss -s he ar ra te p lo t a bo ve th e y ie ld p oin t ( Se e F ig ur e 4 ). V is come te r is e qu ipment to measur e P la st ic V i scos ity (See F ig ur e2 ). P la st ic V is co si ty is d er iv ed f rom th e 6 00 rpm r ea din g minus the 300 rpm reading and PV is in centipoises (cp). A low PVind ica tes tha t t he rrrud is c ap ab le o f d rillin g ra pid ly b ec au se o f th e low v is co sity o f rrrud exit ing at th e bit. H igh PV is caused bya v is co us b as e fluid a nd b y e xc es s co llo id al s olids . T o lo we r PV, a re du ction in s olids c onte nt c an be ac hie ved by d ilu tionT he re a re m any rhe olo gy m od els s ho wn in F ig ure 3. N orm ally B ing ham P la stic M ode l is u sed to de sc ribe rrrud p ro pe rti es a sP la stic V is co sity a nd Y ie ld P oin t (S ee F ig ure 4 ).

Figure 2 Viscometer


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Figure 3 Rheology Model

""'= VP+ FY (y)

yp

O~ __ ~ __ ~ __ ~ __ _L __ ~o 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0

y = s he ar rate , l,i3 e c

Figure 4 Bingham Plastic Model describes PY and VPYield Point: Phys ic al mean ing is th e r es is ta nc e t o i nit ia l f low , o r t he s tr es s r equ ir ed s ta rt in g fluid movement. The Binghamplastic fluid p lo ts a s a straig ht line o n a s he ar -ra te (x -a xis ) v ers us s he ar s tre ss (y -a xis ) p lo t, in w hic h yP i s the zero- shear- ra tein terc ep t (PV is th e s lo pe o f th e lin e). yP is calculated from 300-rpm and 600-rpm viscometer dial readings bysubtracting PV from the 300-rpm dial reading and it is reported as IbfllOOft2. yP i s u sed to evalua te t he ab il it y o f rr rudto lift c uttin gs o ut o f th e a rmu lu s. A h ig he r yP implies that d r i I 1 i n g fluid has a bi li ty to c ar ry c ut ti ng s b ett er than a fluid of s imi la rd en sity b ut lowe r YP .


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Gel Strength: It i s th e a bi1 ity o ff lu id to s us pend flu id while r rr ud is in s ta tic c onditio n Bef or e te stin g gel s tr ength , r rr ud r rru st b ea gitate d fu r awh ile in o rd er to p re ven t p re cip ita tio n an d th en le t rrru d is in s tatic co nd itio n fu r a c erta in lim ite d t ime (l 0 s ec on ds ,lO m inutes or m aybe 30 m inutes) and then open the viscom eter at 3 rpm and read the m axim um reading value. In a m orningreport, there are 3 values of gel strength, w hich are G ell Osee (lblll00 ft2), G ell 0 mins ( lb1l100 f t2) an d G el 3 0 mins (lblll00ft2).Ph: T his v alue tells th e acid o f d rillin g f luid . P h paper is us ed to m easu re P h.Electrical Stability (E S): T his v alu e re fle cts to th e s ta bi1 ity o f e rrru ls io n o fSDF . If w ate r d is pe rs es w ell in o il p ha se (g oo derrruls ion) , the resi st iv i ty of drilling f luid will be h ighe r. Incontrast, ifwater d is pe rs es b ad ly in o il p ha se (b ad e rrru ls io n), th eres is t iv ity of drilling f luid will be low er. A s th e co ncept abov e, ap plied Ohm's law (V= IR ), e le ctr ic ity fr om th e e le ctr ic al s ta bi1 itym ete r is emitte d in to rrru d an d v olta ge is m eas ured b y th e ele ctrica l p ro be . Norm ally ifth e m ea su re d v olta ge is h ig he r than 50 0vol t, t he e lect ri ca l s tab i1 it y i s good .

Figure 5 Electrical Stability MeterCaC12 Concentration: C l+ c an p re ve nt fu rm atio n swe ll h en ce th is va lue r rr us t be ma in ta ined . It is m eas ured b y a titra tio n te stb y u sin g s ilv er n itra te as titra nt w ith p ota ss ium c hroma te as th e e nd po in t in dic ato r a nd whe n titra tio n rea ch es th e eq uilib riumpoin t r rr ud will change in to re d.Retort Test: T here are 2 values that are SaraIine W ater R atio (SWR ) an d Solid C on te nt (LGS , B arite ) o bta in ed from thistesting. M ud is retorted in retort test skid at 950 F for 2 hrs. H igh tem perature can vaporize liquid phase into gas phase andth en g as p has e will b e tra ns fe rre d to a c on de ns er and co nden se in liq uid furm . L iq uid is stored in a tu be that h as a levelin dic ato r to s ee h ow rrru ch o f w ate r a nd o il (s ara Iin e) e xtra cte d. More ov er, s olid le fl:in th e re to rt re fle cts th e s olid c on te nt inrrrud.

Figure 6 Retort Test SkidHTHP Fluid Loss: This te st is c on du cted fu r te stin g f luid loss b ehavio r ofrrrud . M ud is p ress ed th ro ug h filter pap er lo cated inthe H TIIP filter press at 300 F w ith differential pressure at 5 00 psi for 30 mins. Thic kn es s o ffih er ca ke s tu ck in filte r p ap ers ho uld b e le ss than 2 m 1 .


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Figure 7 HTHP fIlter pressReference books:

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