GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO . 124

GEOSUPPORT 2004 DRILLED SHAFTS, MICROPILING, D EEP

MIXING, REMEDIAL METHODS, AND

SPECIALTY FOUNDATION SYSTEMS

PROCEEDINGS OF SESSIONS OF THE GEOSUPPORT CONFERENCE: INNO V A TION ANO COOPERA TION IN THE GEO-INDUSTR Y

January 29-31 , 2004 Orlando, Florida

SPONSORED BY

International Association offoundation Drilling (ADSC) The Geo-Institute ofthe American Society ofCivil Engineers

ASCE

EDITEDBY

John P. Tumer Pau! W. Mayne

Published by the America n Society of Civ il Engineers

GEO INmTUTE

r

Contents

Special lnvited Papers

Drilled and Driven Foundation Behavior in a Calcareous Clay ......... ................................. t W. M. Camp 111

Zen and the Art of Drilled Shaft Construction: Tbc Pursuit of Qual.ity ........................... l 9 DanA. Brown

O n the Axial Behavior of Drilled Foundations .................................................................... 34 Fred H. Kulhawy

Dril/ed Shafts 1: Design and Construction Case Histories l

"Value Engineering ... ?" During Construction ....................................... , ........................... 52 Maral Papazian Bedian

Drilled Shaft Construction with Blasting ............................................................................ 70 Frederick C. Rhyner

Drilled Shaft Construction for the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project. ................................ 84 Conrad W. Felice and Henry Brenniman

Capacity of Drillcd Shafts for the Proposed Susquehanna River Bridge ......................... 96 Benjamin B. Gordon, Joan L. Hawk, and Oscar T. McConnell, Jr.

Applications of a Simplified Dynamic Load Testing Method for Cast-in-Piace Piles .... llO Mohamad Hussein, Brent Robinson, and Garland Likins

Micropiles 1: Micropi/es in Anchored Geo-Support

Results of Latera! Load Tests on Micropiles ..................................................................... 122 James Long, Massimo Maniaci, Glen Menezes, and Rory Bali

Effect of Micropiles on Seismic Shear Strain .................................................................... 134 Kevin J. McManus, Guillaume Charton, and John P. Tumer

Low Energy Compacted Concrete Grout Micropiles ....................................................... l46 Alan J. Lutenegger

Lateral Loads on Pio Piles (Micropiles} ............................................................................ 158 Thomas D. Richards, Jr. and Mark J. Rothbauer

Rock Socketed Micropiles ................................................................................................... l75 Nasser Massoudi

Sources of Uncertainty in Latera! Resista n ce of Stender Reinforcement Used for Slope Stabilization ................................................................................................ 187

Jorge R. Parra, Eng-Chew Ang, and Erik Loehr

ix

Auger-Cast-in-P/ace and Drilled Displacement Piles

Multi-Method Strength Characterization for Soft Cretaceous Rocks in Texas ............. 199 Emin Cavusoglu, Moon S. Nam, Michael W. O'Neill, and Mark McCielland

Design, Monitoring, a od lntegrity Testing of Drilled Soil Displacement Piles (DSDP) for a Gas-Fired Power Pian t ........................................................................ 211

Guoming Lin, Edward L. Hajduk, and Willie NeSmith

Residua! Load Development in Augered Cast-in-Piace (ACIP) P iles in a Bridge Foundation ......................................... .................................................................................. 223

Min-Gu Kim, Emin Cavusoglu, Michael W. O'Neill, Tim Roberts, and Stanley Yin

Auger Pressure Grouted Displacement Piles: An Acceptable Deep Foundation Alternative ............................................................................................................................ 236

Osama El-Fiky and Michael Majchrzak

Dri/led Shafts Il: Design and Construction Case Histories 2

9-Foot (2.75m) Diameter Drilled Shafts at Cranston Viaduct : Design, Load Testing, and Construction ............................................................................ 250

Aly M. Mohammad and Karen C. Armfield

A Deep Foundation Surprise, Engineered Response, and Foundation Performance .... 262 Clyde N. Baker, Jr., Tony A. Kiefer, William H. Walton, and Charles E. Anderson

Foundation Seismic Retrofit ofBoeing Field Contro! Tower ........................................... 278 Dominic M. Parmantier, Tom A. Armour, Bill J. Perkins, and Jim A. Sexton

Drilled Sbaft Value Engineering Delivers Success to Wahoo, Nebraska Bridge ............ 289 Joseph A. Waxse, Jorj Osterberg, and Ornar Qudus

Drilled Shafts III: Earth Retention Using Drilled Shafts

Secant Piles Support Access Shafts for Thnnel C rossing in Difficult Geologie Conditions ............................................................................................................. 299

Thomas C. Anderson

Design of Cantilever Soldier Pile Retaining Walls in Stiff Clays a od Claystones .......... 309 Richard C. Sisson, Clint J. Harris, and Robert L. Mokwa

Design, Cons truction, and Performance of an Anchored Tangent Pile Wall for Excavation Support ....................................................................................................... 322

J. P. Tumer, J. A. Steele, W. F. Maher, M. R. Zortman, and J. R. Carpenter

Design ofDrilled Shaft C utoffWalls for Slope Stability in Marginai Soils .................... 334 Phil ip S. Lowery

x

Ground A nchors for Infrastructure Repair

Stabilization of Retaining Wall A long Tailrace C bannel of Hodenpyl Dam ................... 346 Jesus G6mez, Mary Ellen Bruce, Dona Id Bruce, Dona Id Basinger, and Alleo Cadden

Post Grouted Single Bore Multiple Anchors a t Hodenpyl Da m, Mich igan .................... 361 M. E. Bruce, R. P. Traylor, A. D. Barley, D. A. Bruce, and J. Gomez

Wax Protection for Ground Anchors ................................................................................. 374 Heinz Nierlich

Repair of Failing Mechaoically Stabilized Ea rth (MSE) Rail road Bridge Abutment .................................................................................................................. 380

Tom A. Armour, John Bickford, and Tom Pfister

Drilled Shafts I V: In S itu Testing f or Design Parameters

lnfluence of Ground Water Table Fluctuation o n Latera! Load Bebavior ofRigid Drilled Sbafts io Stiff Ciay .................................................................................... 395

Alan J. Lutenegger and Amy E. Dearth

Pilot Holes for Drilled Pier Fouodations in Karst Conditions ........................................ .405 James G Bierschwale and Todd E. Swoboda

Latera! DriJied Sbaft Response from Dilatometer Tests ................................................... 415 Paul W. Mayne

Axial Sbaft Respoose from Seismic Piezocone Tests ......................................................... 429 Pau l W. Mayne and Guillermo Zavala

Texas Co ne Peoetrometer-Pressuremeter Correlatioos for Soft Rock ............................ 441 Gera Id A. Miller and James M. Smith

Geotecboical Engineers, Wake Up-Tbe Soil Explo ration Process Needs Drastic Cbaoge ..................................................................................................................... 450

Jorj O. Osterberg

Stone Column and Rammed Aggregate Pier Fou11datio11s

Modulus Load Test Results for Ra mmed Aggregate Piers io Granular Soils ................ 460 Craig S. Shields, Brendan T. FitzPatrick, and Kord J. Wissmann

Grouod lmprovement Utiliziog Vibro-Concrete Columos .............................................. 473 Raymond Mankbadi, Jack Mansfield, Ragui Wilson-Fahmy, SherifHanna, and Vedrana Krstic

Modeliog of the Seismic Response of t be Aggregate Pier Fouodation System ............... 485 Christian H. Girsang, Marte S. Gutierrez, and Kord J. Wissmann

Compressioo and Uplift ofRammed Aggregate Piers io Clay ......................................... 497 Christopher Lill is, Alan J. Lutenegger, and Michael Adams

Lessons Learoed from a Stooe Columo Test Progra m in Glacial Deposits .................... SOS Barry S. Chen and Michael J. Bailey

xi

Deep Underground Construction

Development of Slurry Wall Technique and Slurry Wall Construction Equipment ..... 520 Wolfgang G. Brunner

Construction of tbc Deep Cut-Off a t tbc Walter F. George Da m .................................... 530 Arturo Ressi di Cervia

Deep Uuderground Basements for Major Urbao Building Constructioo ...................... 545 Seth L. Pearlman, Michael P. Walker, and Marco D. Boscardin

Effectiveness ofToe-Grouting for Deep-Seated Borcd Piles io Bangkok Subsoil .......... 561 Narong Thasnanipan, Zaw Zaw Aye, and Chanchai Submaneewong

Drilled Shafls V.· Fie/d Performance

F ull Scale Field Performance ofDrilled Shafts Constructed Utiliziog Bentonite and Polymer Slurries ........................................... ................................................................ 573

Rudolph P. Frizzi, Matthew E. Meyer, and Lijian Zhou

Osterberg Load Celi Test Results on Base Grouted Borcd Piles in Bangladesh ............ 587 Raymond J. Castelli and Ed Wilkins

Load-Settlement C haracteristics of Drilled Shafts Reinforced by Rockbolts ................ 603 Sang-seom Jeong, Byung-<:hul Kim, Dae-soo Lee, and Dae-hak Kim

Respoose and Analysis of a Large Diameter Drilled Shaft Subjected to Lateral Loading ............................................................................................................... 613

Tong Qiu, Patrick J. Fox, Kerop Janoyan, Jonathan P. Stewart, and John W. Wallace

Lateral orTorsional Failure Modes in Vertically Loaded Defective P ile Groups .......... 625 Linggang Kong and Liming Zhang

Performance Evaluation of Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Vs. Bentonite Slurry Drillcd Sbafts Utilizing Drop Weight Testing .................................................................... 637

Samuel G. Paikowsky, lsrael Klar, and Les R. Chemauskas

Micropiles Il: Case Histories

Case History: Micropile Use for Temporary Excavation Support .................................. 653 Pau! R. Macklin, Donald Berger, Will iarn Zietlow, Wayne Herring, and Joshua Cullen

High Capacity Micropiles for Utility Retrolit: A Case History a t D. E. Karn Power Pian t in Bay City, Michigao .................................................................................... 662

Timothy H. Bedenis, Michael J . Thelen, and Steve Maranowski

Micropiles io Karstic Dolomite: Similarities aod Differeoces of Two Case Histories .............................................................................................................. 674

Daniel D. Uranowski, Scott Dodds, and Scott Stonecheck

Special Use of Micropiles a od Permanent Anchors .......................................................... 682 Helmut Schwarz, Klaus Dietz, Horst Koster, and Thomas Gross

xii

Bearing Capacity lmprovement Using Micropiles: A Case Study ................................... 692 G. L. Sivakumar Babu, B. Srinivasa Murthy, D. S. N. Murthy, and M. S. Nataraj

Foundation Underpinniog with Mini-Piles: "A First" io Guyana, South America ....... 700 Richard P. Stulgis, Brock E. Barry, and Francis S. llarvey, Jr.

Soil Nailingfor Geo-Support

Four Falls Corpora te Center- A Case Study ......................................•............................. 712 Iliana Alvarado, Alleo Cadden, and Jesus G6mez

Seismic Response and Extended Life Analysis of t be Deepest Top-Down So il N a il Wall in t be United States ...................................................................................... 723

David M. Cotton and Richard D. Luark

Design, Constructioo, and Performance of an 18-Meter Soil Nail W ali in lùcson, Arizona ............................................................................................................... 741

Edward Nowatzki and Naresh Sarntani

Soil Nailing- WaUs of Maoy Facades ........ : .........................................•............................. 753 Daryl W. Wurster

Drilled Shafts VI: Analysis of Behavior

Side Resistaoce of Drilled Shaft Socketed into Wissabickon Mica Scbist ...................... 765 Michael Zhiqiang Yang, M. Zia lslarn, Eric C. Drumm, and Gang Zuo

Numerica! Aoalysis of DriUed Shaft O-Celi Testing in Mica Schist ..•............................. 778 Gang Zuo, Eric C. Drumm, M. Zia lslarn, and Michael Zhiqiang Yang

Structural Damping Coocept for lnterpreta tion of Statnamic Pile Load Test Results ...............•..................•..............•.......•...••..............................•............................. 790

San-Shyan Lin, J. L. Hong, Wei F. Lee, and Y. H. Chang

LateraUy Loaded lsolated P iles, Drilled Shafts, aod Pile Groups Using tbc Straio Wedge Modet ........................................................................................... 800

Moharned Ashour, Gary Norris, and Patrick Pilling

lnterface Stresses Between Soil a od Large Diameter Drilled Shaft Uoder Latera! Loading ........................................................................................................ 816

Kerop D. Janoyan and Matthew J. Whelan

Deep MU.ing Method 1: Engineering Tools

lnternational Perspectives on Q uality Assessment of Deep Mixing .. .............................. 826 Anand J. Puppala andAli Porbaha

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Cement-Mi.xed Soil ......................................................... 838 Davi d A. Staab, Tuncer B. Ed il, and David L. Alumbaugh

Engineering Tools for Design of Embankments o n Deep Mixed Foundation Systems ............................................................................................................. 850

Ali Porbaha and Al Dimillio

xiii

Simplified Procedure ror Seismic Analysis or Sites with Dccp Soil Mixing .................... 862 Geoteclmica/ Engineering EducMiOII Raj V. Siddhanhan, Magdy El-Desouky, andAli Porbaha

Groutingfor Ground lmprovement Student Views or tbc Geo-lndustry .................................................................................. 1027

Andrea L. Welker and Cynthia Fin le)

Jet Grouting Systems: Advaotagcs aod Disadvantages .................................................... 875 lndexes George K. Burke

Features aod Results ofa Jct-Groutiog l'riai Field in Vcry Soft Pcaty Soils .................. 887 Subjcct lndex ...................................................................................................................... I039 Tiziano Collatta, Andrea Frcdiani, and Vittorio Manasscro Author lndex ...................................................................................................................... 1043

Grouting Repair or Scawall and Revctment, Dana Poi n t Harbor, Calirornia ................ 902 Jeffrey Geraci and Frank Nonamakcr

Jet-Grouting Performance in Tunneliog ............................................................................ 910 Paolo Croce, Giuseppe Modoni, and Giacomo Russo

Ground lmprovement Operations for the Construction ofthe "Via Gramsci Railway Underpass" ............................................................................................................ 923

Giovanna Cassani, Andrea Bellocchio, and Luigi Nardacci

Pile-Bottom Grouting Technology for Bored Cast-in-Situ Pile Foundation ................... 935 Zhiguo Zhang, Tiejun Lu, Yucheng Zhao, Jingchun Wang, and Youdao Li

Deep Mixing Metlrod Il: Case Histories

Evaluatioo ofDeep-Scated Slope Stability or Embankments over Deep Mixed Foundations .......................................................................................................................... 945

Jie Han, Jin-Chun Chai, Dov Leshchinsky, and Shui-Long Shen

Dee p So il Mixing for Foundation Support or a Parking Garage ..................................... 955 Joseph Cavey, Lawrence F. Johnsen, and Jeffrey DiStasi

lnstallation, Load-Testing, a nd Design of Geo-Jet Soil-Cement Piles ............................. 965 Jonathan R. Craft

Controlled Modulus Columos (CMC) Foundation System ror Embankmeot Support: A Case History ..................................................................................................................... 980

Cyril Plomteux, Ali Porbaha, and Charles Spaulding

Slrallow Foundations

Slab Construction--30 Years Late ..................................................................................... 993 W. Tom Witherspoon and Jason Taylor

BackAnalyzed Parameters from Piled Foundations Fouoded on Tropical Porous Clay ........................................................................................................................ 1003

R. P. Cunha, J. E. Bezerra, H. H. Zhang, and J. C. Small

Bebavior of Square Footings on Single Reinforced Soil. ................................................ l015 Fath i M. Abdrabbo, Khaled E. Gaaver, and Amr Z. Elwakil

xiv xv