Drill – 3/26/08Drill – 3/26/08

1.1. What are the conditions of STP?What are the conditions of STP?2.2. What volume is equivalent to What volume is equivalent to

one mole at STP?one mole at STP?3.3. How many molecules are in 4.04 How many molecules are in 4.04

g of Hg of H22??

Drill – 3/27/08Drill – 3/27/08

Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. What volume of to form carbon dioxide. What volume of carbon dioxide is formed from 27 L of carbon dioxide is formed from 27 L of oxygen gas?oxygen gas?

Drill – 3/30/11Drill – 3/30/11

What is a solution? Give 2 examples.What is a solution? Give 2 examples.

Drill – 3/31/11Drill – 3/31/11

What would you do to speed up how fast a What would you do to speed up how fast a solute dissolves in a solvent?solute dissolves in a solvent?

Drill – 4/4/11Drill – 4/4/11

Draw three beakers in each phase of Draw three beakers in each phase of solution: unsaturated, saturated, and solution: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated.supersaturated.

SolutionsSolutions

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Solution: a homogenous mixture of Solution: a homogenous mixture of substances.substances.Examples: milk, salt water, gasoline, alloysExamples: milk, salt water, gasoline, alloys

Suspension: a heterogeneous mixture Suspension: a heterogeneous mixture of substances.of substances.Example: Muddy Water, all the mud will settle Example: Muddy Water, all the mud will settle out of the water when at rest.out of the water when at rest.

Colloid: a heterogeneous mixture with Colloid: a heterogeneous mixture with very small particles that do not settle.very small particles that do not settle.Example: mayo, gelatin, foamExample: mayo, gelatin, foam

The Components of a Solution:The Components of a Solution:SoluteSolute – what is – what is

being dissolved, being dissolved, usually a solid usually a solid but can be a gas but can be a gas or liquid as well.or liquid as well.

SolventSolvent – the – the medium the medium the solute dissolves solute dissolves in, usually water.in, usually water.

What if the solute isn’t solid?What if the solute isn’t solid?

Miscible – Mixable, two liquids can blend Miscible – Mixable, two liquids can blend togethertogether

Immiscible – unmixable, two liquids which Immiscible – unmixable, two liquids which cannot mix.cannot mix.

Alloy – when two or more metals mix. Alloy – when two or more metals mix. This occurs at very high temps.This occurs at very high temps.

Solubility:Solubility: the ability of a solute to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.dissolve in a solvent.

Insoluble Insoluble won’t dissolve won’t dissolve PPartly Soluble artly Soluble partially dissolves partially dissolves Soluble Soluble totally dissolves totally dissolves

Degrees of how much Degrees of how much solutesolute has has been dissolved:been dissolved:

unsaturated unsaturated below maximum below maximum dissolvable thresholddissolvable threshold

saturated saturated solute is at the maximum solute is at the maximum threshold threshold

supersaturated supersaturated more solute is in the more solute is in the solution than dissolvable. Sometimes solution than dissolvable. Sometimes crystallization will occur for specific crystallization will occur for specific compounds.compounds.

Electrolytes?Electrolytes?

Electrolytes – substances that dissolve in Electrolytes – substances that dissolve in water to give a solution that conducts water to give a solution that conducts electric current. IONS!electric current. IONS!

Non-electrolytes – substance that do not Non-electrolytes – substance that do not conduct electric current when dissolved in conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Molecules!water. Molecules!

Video clip!Video clip!

In your notes, draw three beakers in each In your notes, draw three beakers in each phase of solution: unsaturated, saturated, phase of solution: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated.and supersaturated.

Compare your drawings with the person Compare your drawings with the person sitting next to you – make sure they make sitting next to you – make sure they make sense to both of you.sense to both of you.

Alka-seltzer in WaterAlka-seltzer in Water One alka-seltzer in 200 mL of water – One alka-seltzer in 200 mL of water –

design a lab to make it dissolve faster design a lab to make it dissolve faster using whatever means you would like, so using whatever means you would like, so long as you don’t add any other chemicals long as you don’t add any other chemicals and use 1 alka-seltzer and 200 mL Hand use 1 alka-seltzer and 200 mL H22O.O.

Write a couple sentences explaining Write a couple sentences explaining factors that you used (or that you now factors that you used (or that you now think that you should have used) in order think that you should have used) in order to speed up the dissolution rate.to speed up the dissolution rate.

SolubilitySolubility

The amount of substance required to form The amount of substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperatureof solvent at a specified temperature

Grams of solute per grams of solventGrams of solute per grams of solvent