driftsonde system overviewxs1.somas.stonybrook.edu/~na-thorpex/documents/montreal04/tues_445... ·...
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Driftsonde System Overview
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Terry Hock, Hal Cole, Charlie Martin
National Center for Atmospheric ResearchEarth Observing Lab
December 7, 2004
First THORPEX International Science SymposiumMontreal, Canada
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Predictability research suggests that additional in-situ measurements in “Sensitive Regions” will improve predictions of high-impact weather events, these regions are often cloudy.
Sensitive regions for November 2001 based on 30-day average of the NRL NOGAPS model (color coded). The contours are the 500 hPa height field. Courtesy of Alan Thorpe,Rolf Langland, and Melvyn Shapiro from THORPEX planning presentations.
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Driftsonde Motivation
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Satellite based measurements:• Infrared techniques have limits due to opaque cloud cover • Microwave techniques have relatively course vertical resolution• Horizontal winds are a challenge in deep cloud layers.
Driftsonde GoalCost-effective observing system to fill critical gaps in data coverage over oceanic and remote artic and continental regions with high vertical resolution atmospheric profiles of:• Wind• Temperature• Humiditymade by GPS Dropsondes.
New Satellite-based techniques (constituent track winds, water vapor tracking,Doppler lidar measurements in clear air) clearly have a need for in-situ measurements to evaluate and calibrate these satellite systems.
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Driftsonde Operation
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO SatelliteSystem requirements
•Provide Soundings with Global coverage•Cost effective (Complete system is expendable)•Flight duration 4-6 days•Altitude 100-50 mb•Deploy Dropsondes on command (Targeting) or automatically (Timed)•Payload of minimum 20 dropsondes ( 4/day for 5 days)•Real-time position tracking - ATC monitoring
Engineering Challenges•Cost, disposable sounding system•Reliable global satellite communications (Orbcomm, Globalstar, Iridium)•Harsh environment, temperature extremes (diurnal variations in radiation)•Altitude control [zero-pressure balloon – ballasting algorithms]•Integration issues (GPS, Iridium, Sonde Transmitters, Receivers)•Flight train launch
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Driftsonde System
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Iridium
LEO Satellite
Gondola
(20-40 sonde capacity) ~16km
50-100 mb
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Initial Launch Time: 00 UTC 06 Feb 1999 13 launch sites
Deployment Interval: 12hr
Coverage at: 00UTC 11 Feb 1999
Simulated Driftsonde sounding coverage at one assimilation time after 5 days of deployment from launch sites along the Asian Pacific rim
Drift Level: 100 mb
Analysis Dr. Rolf Langland, Dr. Melvyn Shapiro © 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Driftsonde Components
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Flight train1. Low cost polyethylene zero-pressure balloon (365 m3 & 2,265 m3)2. Parachute3. Radar reflector4. Aircraft Transponder5. Gondola
• Embedded Computer• GPS Navigation System• Flight level PTH sensor• Ballast System• Lithium battery power system• Iridium, global coverage
2-way satellite system• Dropsondes
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Driftsonde FlightsTillamook, OR
Over the ocean test, dropped 8 sondes, all systems worked well
24 km63 ½ hrs9/2/035
First test flight of complete sounding system in gondola, dropped 4 sondes
17.6 km11 ½ hrs8/19/034
Engineering Tests; Iridium communications, Drop sondes (data system on ground), automatic altitude control, diurnal test
16.4 km22 ½ hrs2/10/033
Same as Flight 116.4 km5 hrs11/14/022
Engineering Tests; Orbcommcommunications, thermal control & evaluation, altitude control manual ballasting
16.9 km4 ¾ hrs2/28/021
ObjectivesAltitudeDurationDateFlt. No.
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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ALTITUDE AND BALLAST DUMPED VS TIME
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
30000.0
9/2/03 12:00 9/3/03 0:00 9/3/03 12:00 9/4/03 0:00 9/4/03 12:00 9/5/03 0:00 9/5/03 12:00
TIME - GMT
ALT
ITU
DE
- MET
ERS
0
5
10
15
20
25
BA
LLA
ST D
UM
PED
- K
GM
S
Altitude Ballast Dumped
SUNSET CLOUDS
SUNSET
SUNSET
Flight #5 9/2/03
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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NSF THORPEX Briefing, D. Parsons, 11/21/03© 2004 Copyright University
Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Driftsonde Deployed DropsondeFlight #5 Sept 9, 2004
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Driftsonde Future EffortsEngineering • Integrate Vaisala Radiosondes• Super Pressure Balloon (eliminates
ballasting & reduces balloon size)• Develop ground operations software for command and tracking
• Small low cost Wind & Temperatureonly sonde
• Sonde payload up to 50 sondes
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Miniature In-situ Sounding Technology (MIST Sonde)
GPS Wind & Temperature only sonde (credit card size)Supported by NOAA/THORPEX
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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ATLANTIC OCEAN
Zero-pressureBalloon
Gondola(24 sonde capacity)
6 hoursbetweendrops
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
OrbCommLEO Satellite
Driftsonde Future EffortsPossible Field Deployments
• AMMA 2006 Teaming with CNESlaunching from Chad
- SOP 2 Zero-pressureballoon
- SOP 3 CNES Super-pressure balloon 10-dayflights, 40-50 sondes
• International Polar Year
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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Proposed Driftsonde Operation on French CNES Stratospheric Balloons for 2006
Trajectories: 1 balloon launch perday for 1 Sept –15 Sept 2000
10-day duration(can go up to 20);
50 sondes perballoon
© 2004 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research