Drexel University

Development of HCCI Technology at Drexel University

Rodney JohnsonAdvisors: Dr. Miller and Dr. CernanskyCombustion Fuels and Fluids Meeting

Drexel University College of Engineering21 January 2004

Hess Research Lab

Drexel University

Outline

• Motivation

• Objective

• Background

• Current Work

• Future Work

• Applications

Hess Research Lab

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Overall Motivation

Develop a means to reduce unwanted emissions that come from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE)

And increase fuel economy

• Unburned Hydrocarbons

• Carbon Monoxide

• Nitrogen Oxides

• Particulates ( Soot )

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Objective Of My Research Program

To develop a flexible engine facility capable of exploring new HCCI ICE operating modes

Deliverables

• Operating Engine, Dynamometer, Test Stand with modern system configuration and data acquisition

•Verification of facility capabilities and limits

•Application of Facility to our current topic Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Studies

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Background - What is HCCI

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, or HCCI, is a relatively new combustion technology. It is

a hybrid of the traditional spark ignition (SI) and the compression ignition process (such as a Diesel engine).

Homogeneous Charge Compression-Ignition engines have the potential to provide dramatic

increases in fuel efficiency over standard stoichiometric SI engines, while dramatically reducing

NOx emissions.

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

How does It Work

No flame, combustion due to compression heating

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

HCCI Advantages

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

HCCI Advantages (cont)

Compared to CI engine• Produces lower PM

emissions & NOx• Passes future

emission standards• Allows Fuel Flexibility

HCCI Advantages (cont)

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Compared to SI Engine• Achieves higher

efficiencies• Produces lower PM

emissions & NOx• Allows fuel flexibility

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

HCCI Disadvantages/Challenges

• Controlling Ignition Timing over a Range of Speeds and Loads

• Extending the Operating Range to High Loads

• Achieving Cold-Start Capability

• Reducing Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions at low loads

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Current Work- Engine Development

HCCI Engine Facility

• Variable Compression Waukesha CFR Engine

• 20 hp General Electric DC motor Dynamometer

• Cooling system

• Air Intake System

• Exhaust System

• Data Acquisition

• Gas Analysis/Sampling

20 hp General Electric DC motor

LabView

Intake Assembly

Exhaust Assembly

Wakeshau CFR Engine

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Current Work- Engine Development

Intake

Chromalox HeaterExhaust Gas Recirculation

Pressure transducer

Turbulator

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Current Work- Engine Development

Exhaust

Thermocouple

Pressure transducer

Gas Sampling Port

Current Work- Waukesha CFR Engine

This is a "Waukesha", CFR F-1 Research (ASTM D 2699) Variable Compression

Single Cylinder Engine. Compression Adjustable 4:1 to 18:1

Cylinder Bore = 3.250" Stroke = 4.500"

Displacement = 37.33 Cubic inches Year Built = 1942

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Current Work- Engine Development

Engine Monitoring

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Future Work- Engine Operation Verification

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Model (0%EGR)Exptl.(0%EGR)Model(38%EGR)Exptl.(38%EGR)Model(47%EGR)Exptl.(47%EGR)

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0 % 38 % 47 %

EGR amount

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Future Work- Engine Operation Verification Operating Range

Range of Equivalence ratios

Unlike conventional engines, the ignition time of an HCCI engine and the subsequent heat release rate are not controlled.

Lean and rich limits of fuel for stable operation

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Future Work- Engine Operation Verification- Combustion Parameters

Heat release Vs CAD

Offers the ability to vary various combustion parameters to observe changes in start of combustion in cylinder

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Future Work- Engine Operation Verification Emissions

Offers the ability to vary various combustion parameters to observe changes in species concentration in engine exhaust.

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Applications

Drexel University

Hess Research Lab

Questions ???