Dreikurs's Logical Consequences

Dreikurs's assumption about behaviour- central motivation of all human beings is to belong and be accepted by others.

- when frustrated in their attempts to gain the recognition they desire, their behavior turns toward four "mistaken goals".

- misbehavior is the result of a childs mistaken assumption about how to find a place and gain status.

- 4 goals that motivates children's misbehaviour: + attention + power and control + revenge + inadequacy

Steps in Preventing MisbehaviourIdentify mistaken goal.

Against the mistaken goal by providing explanation.

Give choices for students to decide.

Provide support for their effort even if it is just little.

Two types of consequencesLogical consequences- involves student's decision making skill.- student's know the consequences earlier.- e.g. those who do not finish their work on time will have extra homework.

Natural consequences- happens naturally.- e.g. students kicking the wall will hurt his foot.

Kounin Model: Group Management

Basic ideas on Kounin ModelGood classroom behavior depends on effective lesson management, especially on pacing, transitions, alerting, and individual accountability.

Behaviour management that involves a group of students.

Important key points: -ripple effect -withitness -overlapping

The Ripple Effect-Change in the behaviour of the surrounding students.

-The teacher gives encouragement ("Good, I see that many of you are almost finished")

-The teacher gives reprimands ("I see a few people who may have to stay in after class to finish").

WithitnessTeachers' ability in preventing misbehaviour before it ges uncontrollable.

Teachers' knowing what was going on in all areas of the classroom at all times.

Kounin determined that this trait is communicated more effectively by teachers' behaviors than by their words.

Effective only if students are convinced that the teacher really knows what is going on.

OverlappingKounin states that overlapping is the ability to attend to two or more issues at the same time.

Overlapping loses its effectiveness if the teacher does not also demonstrate withitness.

If students working independently know that the teacher is aware of them and able to deal with them, they are more likely to remain on task.

Implications to behaviour management

- When teachers correct misbehaviors in one student, it often influences the behavior of nearby students. This is known as the ripple effect.

- Teachers should know what is going on in all parts of the classroom at all times. Kounin called this awareness, 'withitness'.

- The ability to provide smooth transitions between activities, and to maintain consistent momentum within activities is crucial to effective group management.

- Teachers should strive to maintain group alertness and to hold every group member accountable for the content of a lesson, which allows optimal learning to occur.

- Student satiation (boredom) can be avoided by providing a feeling of progress and by adding variety to curriculum and classroom environment.