Dredge Landscapes:Sediment Flows, Earth Moving, and Dredge as Designed Landscape

From river control to erosion fences, a diverse array of human activities manipulates sediments and change landscapes. This panel explores the emerging role of landscape architects in using dredged material as a resource, the role of sediments in coastal resilience, and dredge landscapes as habitable places rather than disposal zones.

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge Landscapes

INTRODUCTION - BRETT MILLIGANA. Why do we care about dredge and the manipulation of sediments? Why is this important to the design and planning professions? 1. Magnitude of human alteration on hydrogeologic cycles a. humans as the earth’s preeminent geologic agents b. the design and making of landform is occurring at the grandest of scales with inengineeringfields.Whatcontributionsdowewanttomake?

B. Introduction to The Dredge Cycle: Dredge landscapes as the products of human modificationofsedimentregimens 1. Why we dredge, and why continue to dredge more and more 2. Effects and environmental feedbacks of dredging: accelerating, decelerating , redirectingflowsofsediments. 3. Pressing need to design sedimentary trajectories with greater skill, foresight and creatively.

C. Introduction of Speakers

WORKING WITH NATURE - HUGH ROBERTSA. Overview of the role of sediment in shaping and sustaining the natural environment

B. Sea level rise considerations for coastal wetlands

C. Working with nature concepts: 1. Sediment diversions along the Mississippi River - Delivering sediment rich waters to the adjacent delta to replicate natural delta building processes.

2. The Sand Engine in the Netherlands - a placed sand source expected to be more cost effective than traditional beach replenishment, while causing less disruption to the natural environment over the life of the project. 3. Sustainable shoreline design - focusing on consideration of natural retreal opportunities for coastal wetlands and maritime forest.

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge LandscapesSESSION OUTLINE

THE DREDGE - CHRISTOPHER DOLSA.DefiningDredging,DredgingTypes

B. Dredging Applications 1. Navigation/Infrastructure 2. Real Estate 3. Recreation 4. Environmental 5. Coastal Protection

C. Examples of Dredged Landscapes 1. Coastal Chicago 2. Peanut Island, Palm Beach

D. Making Land 1. Cutter Suction Dredging and Placement 2. Trailing Suction Hopper Dredging, Transport, and Placement 3. Beaches, Marshes and the Future of Coastal Protection

DESIGNING DREDGE - SEAN BURKHOLDERA. Landscapes of dredge in the United States

B. Challenges facing dredge or dredge landscape re-use 1. Perception (seen as waste) 2. Contamination 3. Material Variability 4. Federal Management

C. Potentials associated with dredge 1. Didactic for both ecological and industrial processes 2. Dialectic interpretation as strange, un-designed, myopic landscapes 3. Generally associated with urban areas 4. Areas are large scale and can accommodate less-common, less acceptable uses

D. Role of the Landscape Architect 1. Through strongly advocating for these industrial landscapes as “public”, Landscape Architects can develop agency in the larger discussion of sediment management, which is key to the issues of coastal resilience, coastal ecosystem restoration and climate change adaptation that Landscape Architects have recently begun to engage.

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge LandscapesSESSION OUTLINE CONT.

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge LandscapesSPEAKER BIOSBRETT MILLIGANModerator | Dredge Research CollaborativeDavis, CA United StatesBrett Milligan is an assistant professor of landscape architecture and environmental design at the University of California, Davis. Prior to teaching, he practiced landscape architecture in Portland, OR. His research and practiceoperatesinthefieldsofecologicalengineeringandthedesignofland-waterinterfaces;seekingtomeld ecological and infrastructural performance with aesthetics and expanded forms of public engagement. Brett is a founding member of the Dredge Research Collaborative, a research entity that has organized DredgeFest NYC and DredgeFest Louisiana. These events consist of interdisciplinary symposia, exhibitions and public tours investigating the enhanced design of regional sedimentary processes.

HUGH ROBERTSPresenter | ARCADISBoulder, CO United StatesHugh J. Roberts is a water resources engineer at ARCADIS specializing in numerical modeling applications for coastal, riverine and hydrologic applications. Hugh has managed, analyzed and designed projects ranging from storm surge protection systems, sea level rise vulnerability assessments, environmental impact studies, coastal restoration analyses, and design and optimization of hydraulic controls. Hugh is ARCADIS’ national numerical modeling lead. His core technical experience includes hydrodynamic, nearshore wave, hydrologic, and transport numerical modeling. Hugh recently managed the conceptual design of the White Ditch sediment diversion along the Lower Mississippi River, which is being designed to deliver sediment rich waters (35,000 cfs) to the adjacent delta during spring months when sediment loads are highest in the river.

CHRISTOPHER DOLSPresenter | Great Lakes Dredge and DockPortsmouth, NH United StatesChristopher Dols is a Project Engineer with Great Lakes Dredge & Dock with dredging experience in clamshell, hopper & hydraulic operations. He is most recently stationed on the drillboat Apache, blasting to deepen New York’s Arthur Kill channel in anticipation of the completion of the Panama Canal’s expansion. Beyond operations, Christopher’s interests include project design, landscape preservation and expanded applications of environmental dredging by better integrating the experience and capacity of the dredging industry into the planning process.

SEAN BURKHOLDERPresenter | University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY United StatesSean Burkholder is the assistant professor of Landscape and Urban Design at SUNY Buffalo School of Architecture and Planning. He has practiced as a designer and project manager at scales ranging from architecture to the urban region. Currently his research and practice focuses broadly on the reconsideration of post-industrial urban landscapes and the role ecological processes play in their speculated futures. More specificallythisworklooksatvacantlandperformance,ruduralplantcolonization,theperceptionandaccessof waste landscapes and the exploration of dredged sediment management regimes and their impact on the urbanandsocialecologiesoftheGreatLakesBasin.Lastyear,MattMoffitt,astudentwithinSean’sDesigningDredge studio, received the ASLA Student Excellence award for Design for his Dredge City project in Toledo Ohio.

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge Landscapes

RESOURCES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Becker, Stephen, Holmes, Rob, Maly, Tim, Milligan, Brett. (2013). “Dredge” in L. Sheppard & N. Bhatia (Eds.) Bracket [Goes soft]. Actar Press.

ERDC, United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center.“BeneficialUsesofDredgedMaterial”.Retrievedfromhttp://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/dots/budm/budm.cfm.

Holmes, R., & Milligan, B. (2013, Spring). “Feedback: Designing the Dredge Cycle”. Scenario Journal. Retrieved from http://scenariojournal.com/article/feedback-designing-the-dredge-cycle/.

Hooke, R.LeB., et al. (2012). “Land Transformation By Humans: A Review.” GSA Today, v. 22, no. 12: p. 4-10

Hooke,R.LeB.(1994).“OntheEfficacyofHumansasGeomorphicAgents.”GSA Today, v. 4: p. 224–225.

Louisiana, State of. (2012) Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. Retrievedfromhttp://www.coastalmasterplan.louisiana.gov/2012-master-plan/final-master-plan/

Ruet, Jennifer. (2014, August). “The Dredge Underground”. Landscape Architecture Magazine, v. 104 no. 12: p. 86-101

●Gainknowledgeoftherangeoflandscapesproducedbydredging.

●Identifyavenuesfordesignerstoengagedredgingandothersedimentarydesign processes.

●Beabletoexplainthesocialandecologicalchallengesandpotentialsofdredgingand dredge material management.

●Provideaseriesofmethodologiesforovercomingchallengesassociatedwithlandscapes of dredge.

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge Landscapes

The Cutter Suction Dredge Texas deepens the Palm Beach Harbor entrance channel adjacent to Peanut Island, a landmark of dredging history, constructed in 1918 with the earth dredged to create the port and inlet of Palm Beach Florida. photo: Great Lakes Dredge and DockThe Cutter Suction Dredge Sandpiper dredges a shallow channel to remove land, displaying clearly the arc of the excavating ‘cutter head’ in the dredging process.photo: Great Lakes Dredge and Dock

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge Landscapes

The Dredge Cycle: Brett Milligan and the Dredge Research CollaborativeBenedicialreuseofdredgematerialforuplandwildlifehabitat,RossIsland,WillametteRiver;Porthand, Oregon.photo: Brett Milligan

FRI B04 ASLA 2014 DENVER Dredge Landscapes

Confineddisposalfacility#4,Buffalo,NY.photo:AboveAllOhioTimesBeachNaturePreserve,formerdredgedisposalfacility;Buffalo,NY.photo: Sean Burkholder