drawings how to

7/29/2019 Drawings How To

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drawings_how_to?? Arch 172: Building Construction 1

Fall 2006


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Danger!!!

The following images are being used as examples of DRAWINGMETHOD ONLY.

Do NOT copy the details. They have been drawn from everywhereand are likely WRONG for our climate and situation.


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tools


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triangles

Adjustable triangle


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relationship of drawings


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alberti


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sterometry


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Serlio

5 Books on Architecture


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How to construct an oval when your ellipse template is too small compliments of Sebastiano Serlio


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How to subdivide a space into equal intervals compliments of

Sebastiano Serlio


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lines

Heavy line when cutting through amaterial to define the outside.

Lighter lines to show elements inelevation, or further away.

Even lighter lines still for hatching or objects further in the distance.

Dashed lines to show objects aboveyou.

Dotted lines to show hidden lines.

Lineweights aredifferentiated, whether youare drawing in ink or pencil,by hand or with CAD.


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villa mairea alvar aalto

Note: a floor plan is actually a sectional view of a building, the cut taken at 4or 1.2 m, looking down.


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Villa Mairea elevations: note materials are hatched but not labeled.


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Villa Mairea section: note that design drawing sections USUALLY blacken intheir walls so that materiality is purposefully not shown.


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falling water frank lloyd wright

Note!! Northarrow andgraphic scale


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Hatching of materials in the plan view iscontrasted by the blackness of the walls.


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Again note that in a design drawing the walls are blackened in. The graphicscale allows the drawing to be reduced or enlarged and the scale still valid.


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W

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lettering

Make guidelines and use a small triangle toensure that your verticals are VERTICALand not SLOPED or U N EVE N.


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lines

Heavy line when cutting through amaterial to define the outside.

Lighter lines to show elements inelevation, or further away.

Even lighter lines still for hatching or objects further in the distance.

Dashed lines to show objects aboveyou.

Dotted lines to show hidden lines.

For contract documentsLines in general


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Different lines on a site plan


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Showing different types of lines and lineweights invarious applications.

We differentiate so thatthe drawingcommunicates ideas moreclearly.


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line weight

Heavy outline where

cut in section Lighter lines for hatching

Lighter lines to showmaterials beyond


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plan view

Note: door swings areshown as circles so thatyou can tellthat the door does not hitanything.

The scale of the plandrawing willdetermine how muchof the material layerscan be shown in thewalls.


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doors

The intention of the door swing is toshow both what TYPE of door you areusing as well as its PATH of motion.


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elevation


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dimension lines


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basic section


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construction plans

Note use of dimensionsand wallsare NOTblackenedin as wehave to

showmaterials

North arrow

title scale


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hatching

Materials are hatched in the planor section view so that it is easier to tell what they are.

Hatching does NOT substitute for labeling.

As you can see from thesediagrams, there are manydifferent ways of hatching thesame materials so hatching isnot a fail safe way to let thecontractor know what materialyou want to use


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gridlines

On buildings with columns or posts, gridlines are used todefine the bay size and givethe centre to centre dimensionsfor the contractor to lay out the

job.

A letter or number goes in thebubble to create a matrix onthe drawing. A column is notedas being at location C2, for

example.


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cartoon layout

Before you do your final drawings, each page is roughed out to make sure

things fit


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details

Information that cannot bedrawn in the building section is

drawn at a larger scale in detaildrawings.

Basic rule, the larger the scale,the more information you are

supposed to show.


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The large scalesections for thefinal project are to

be drawn at 1:10metric.

They should showall material layers.

LabelEVERYTHING.

Note sizes and

thicknesses.


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Note how thelabels are all linedup to make thedrawing lookorganized

Yes, neatnesscounts.


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This is a sketch section.

This is what you might rough outbefore you do the final drawing tosee if things work.

This is also what I am expecting

from your at desk test next week interms of style.


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keys

This is theplan key for the next setof drawings.It showswhere thesections arecut.


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When we putmultiplesections on adrawing weusually make

them line upso that wecan takeadvantage of overridingheightdimensions.

Also addsoverall clarity.


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This is an actual contractdocument detailed section

that illustrates my preferredmethod of ganging thenotes for each assembly.

This prevents a veritable

spiderweb of arrows crisscrossing all over thedrawing noting materials.

It also allows the contractor

to know the generalmakeup of key buildingelements.


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These sections weredone at a large enough

scale to includecomplete details withoutalso having to produceenlarged separatedetails.

This is what you are todo on your project butmake the drawingsomewhat cleaner as itis to be a hybridconstruction design wallsection.


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Brian McKay-Lyons Architect

Messenger House II

Detail sections

Note how the overallbuilding shape andcontinuity is inferredby the placement of

the sections withinrectangles, that lineup, even though thecontent is broken.


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Dimension lumber is shown with an X through the middle to indicate itis structural. Not how confusing the numbering system is


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Batt insulation is shown as a series of light diagonals rather than the curvyhatching that is often seen on construction documents.


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Books are often goodplaces to look to suggest

the layout for a singlepage of drawings.


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3D drawings


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iso versus axo


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iso versus axo

Verticaldimensions areall actual.


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Take your plan anddecide if itis best torotate 30 or 60degrees.

Add your verticallines.


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Addhorizontallines. Theyare also toscale.


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Addhorizontallines. Theyare also toscale.Diagonallines on theplanes of the wallsare NOT toscale.


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To makea pitchedroof, drawthediagonalsacrossyour roof plane.


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Draw in theverticaldimension tothe top of theroof. This is ascaleabledimension.

Then finishwith theridges.

There areissues withthe 45 degreeimage withoverlap.


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3-D construction drawings

This is an ISOMETRICdrawing of a balloonframe house structure.

Iso drawings distort theplan to make them look

more likeperspectives


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This is an ISOMETRIC

drawing of a platformframe structure.

This is somewhat likethe drawings I amexpecting for your finalproject except that Iwant an

AXONOMETRIC.

Note the labels!


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When doing your AXO drawings you

are to show thestructure as wellas a portion of thecladding system.

Make sure that youonly clad 20% of the building so that

the balance of thestructure is visible.


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Design axonometricwith partial cutawayto show interior.

60 o30 o


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This is a cutaway Isometric. You cantell because the plan has been skewedto 30 o either side.

30o

30o


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Cutaway section 3D drawing


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axo/iso detail and section drawing


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This axo takesthe roof off soyou can seethe interior layout.


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This axo looksat thestructure, butis not labeled.


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Axo with exposedstructure for part, butnot labeled.


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The elusive upside downaxonometric drawing thatlooks at the ceiling.


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And now for even more fun!


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akin to an industrial assembly drawing.


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Dotted lines connect the pieces


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Danger!!!

The following images are being used as examples of DRAWINGMETHOD ONLY.

Do NOT copy the details. They have been drawn from everywhereand are likely WRONG for our climate and situation.

drawings how to

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