Draw the Lewis Dot

Diagram for C6H8

Alkanes

Alkanes•Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

Alkanes•All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane

•Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain

Organic Prefixes•1 = meth- 6 = hex-

•2 = eth- 7 = hept-

•3 = prop- 8 = oct-

•4 = but- 9 = non-

•5 = pent- 10 = dec-

1-Carbon Alkane•Methane•CH4

2-Carbon Alkane•Ethane•C2H6

•H3C-CH3

3-Carbon Alkane•Propane•C3H8

•H3C-CH2-CH3

4-Carbon Alkane•Butane•C4H10

•H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3

•H3C-(CH2)2-CH3

5-Carbon Alkane•Pentane•C5H12

•H3C-(CH2)3-CH3

6-Carbon Alkane•Hexane•C6H14

•H3C-(CH2)4-CH3

7-Carbon Alkane•Heptane•C7H16

•H3C-(CH2)5-CH3

8-Carbon Alkane•Octane•C8H18

•H3C-(CH2)6-CH3

9-Carbon Alkane•Nonane•C9H20

•H3C-(CH2)7-CH3

10-Carbon Alkane•Decane•C10H22

•H3C-(CH2)8-CH3

Organic HWDraw & name each of the following:

C3H8 C5H12

C6H14 C8H18

Drill•Name & give the molecular formula

for alkanes with 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 carbons

Alkane Chemical Formula

CnH2n+2

Name each of the following:

C5H12

C3H8

C8H18

Saturated Hydrocarbon

•A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of hydrogens possible

All Pure Non-cyclic Alkanes

•Are saturated hydrocarbons

Carbon Chains•Any group of atoms connected in a row is called a chain

•Any continuous chain hydrocarbon is called a carbon chain

Draw & name 2 carbon chains.(1 even & 1 odd

numbered > 2 C)

Drill

Formula Writing•Molecular Formula

C4H10

Formula Writing•Condensed formula:

•C-C & C-H bonds understood

CH3CH2CH2CH3

Formula Writing•Condensed formula:

• only C-H bonds understood

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Formula Writing•Condensed formula:

• bonds understood & repeats in ()

CH3(CH2)2CH3

Formula WritingSkeletal Formula

•Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted

C-C-C-C

Formula Writing• Complete structural formula

HH H H

H C C C C H

HH H H

Stick or minimal Structures

Stick Structures•Line ends & joints represent carbons

•Hydrogens understood

•Others draw

Alkane Shapes•In 2 dimensions we draw

bond s as 90o

•The true bond s are 109.5o

•Tetrahedral in shape

Organic HW•Draw & name 3 different alkanes, making sure that no two drawing are done by the same method.

Draw the following•Propane octane

•hexane pentane

•butane methane

•heptane ethane

Name the following