draft national air pollution control programme annex, 2019 ... · the available sources of...

MZOIP Air pollution control programme

1

DRAFT PROPOSAL FOR AN AIR POLLUTION

CONTROL PROGRAMME

DRAFT National Air Pollution Control Programme Annex, 2019, Croatia

Courtesy translation in English provided by the Translation Services of the

European Commission

ZAGREB, 2019


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CONTENT

1. UVOD ................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.1. ZAKONSKI OKVIR ZA IZRADU PROGRAMA KONTROLE ONEČIŠĆENJA

ZRAKA ....................................................................................................................................... 10

1.2. SVRHA I CILJ PROGRAMA .................................................................................................... 12

1.3. RASPOLOŽIVI IZVORI PODATAKA ..................................................................................... 14

2. NACIONALNI OKVIR POLITIKA ZA PODRUČJE KVALITETE ZRAKA I

ONEČIŠĆENJA ZRAKA ................................................................................................................ 16

2.1. KRATKI OSVRT NA PREGLED STANJA U ODNOSU NA VAŽEĆI PROGRAM . 16

2.2. PRIORITETNE POLITIKE I NJIHOV ODNOS S PRIORITETIMA UTVRĐENIMA

U DRUGIM RELEVANTNIM PODRUČJIMA ........................................................................ 17

2.2.1. KOHERENTNOST INVENTARA I PROJEKCIJA .................................................................. 32

2.2.2. KOHERENTNOST S PLANOVIMA I PROGRAMIMA .......................................................... 38

2.3. NADLEŽNOSTI NACIONALNIH, REGIONALNIH I LOKALNIH TIJELA........................ 49

3. NAPREDAK U SMANJENJU EMISIJA I POBOLJŠANJU KVALITETE ZRAKA

POSTIGNUT POSTOJEĆIM PaM I STUPANJ USKLAĐENOSTI S NACIONALNIM

OBVEZAMA I OBVEZAMA EU .......................................................................................... 60

3.1 NAPREDAK U SMANJENJU EMISIJA POSTIGNUT POSTOJEĆIM PaM TE STUPANJ

USKLAĐENOSTI S NACIONALNIM OBVEZAMA I OBVEZAMA EU ............. 60

3.2 NAPREDAK U POBOLJŠANJU KVALITETE ZRAKA POSTIGNUT

POSTOJEĆIM PaM TE STUPANJ USKLAĐENOSTI S NACIONALNIM OBVEZAMA I

OBVEZAMA EU........................................................................................................................ 67

3.3 SADAŠNJI (TRENUTNI) PREKOGRANIČNI UTJECAJ DOMAĆIH IZVORA EMISIJE ... 82

4. PREDVIĐEN DALJNJI RAZVOJ UZ PRETPOSTAVKU DA NE BUDE IZMJENA

VEĆ DONESENIH PaM ................................................................................................................. 84

4.1 PROJEKCIJE EMISIJA I SMANJENJE EMISIJA (WM SCENARIJ) ..................................... 93

4.1.1 METODOLOGIJA I MODELI TE POLAZNE PRETPOSTAVKE I PARAMETRI

ZA IZRADU PROJEKCIJA (WM SCENARIJ) ........................................................................ 97

4.1.2. ANALIZA OSJETLJIVOSTI PROJEKCIJA ......................................................................... 98


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4.2 PROJEKCIJA POBOLJŠANJA KVALITETE ZRAKA (WM) I PROJEKCIJA STUPNJA

USKLAĐENOSTI (Projekcije broja nesukladnih i sukladnih zona za AAQD onečišćujuće tvari)

................................................................................................................................................ 100

5. RAZMATRANE OPCIJE POLITIKA ZA USKLAĐENJE S OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA

EMISIJE ZA 2020. I 2030., SREDNJA RAZINA EMISIJA ZA 2025.

I KONZULTACIJE S DIONICIMA .......................................................................................... 105

5.1 POJEDINOSTI O OPCIJAMA PaM KOJE SE RAZMATRAJU DA BI SE

OSTVARILO UDOVOLJAVANJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJA (IZVJEŠĆIVANJE

NA RAZINI PaM-A) (točka 2.6.1) ........................................................................... 105

5.2 UTJECAJ NA KVALITETU ZRAKA I OKOLIŠ POJEDINIH PaM-A ILI PAKETA

PaM-A RAZMATRANIH DA UDOVOLJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJE (točka

2.6.2) ......................................................................................................................... 116

5.3 PRORAČUN TROŠKA I KORISTI POJEDINIH PaM-A ILI PAKETA PaM-A

RAZMATRANIH DA UDOVOLJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJE ....................... 116

5.4 DODATNE POJEDINOSTI ZA OPCIJE POLITIKA IZ DODATKA III DIO 2

DIREKTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 KOJE CILJAJU SEKTOR POLJOPRIVREDE ZA

UDOVOLJENJE OBVEZAMA SMANJENJA EMISIJE AMONIJAKA ............... 118

6. KONZULTACIJE S DIONICIMA ............................................................................................. 123

7. MJERE I POLITIKE ODABRANE ZA USVAJANJE PO SEKTORIMA,

UKLJUČUJUĆI RASPORED NJIHOVOG USVAJANJA, PROVEDBE I REVIZIJE I

ODGOVORNA NADLEŽNA TIJELA ............................................................................... 128

7.1 POJEDINI PaM ILI PAKETI PaM-A ODABRANI ZA USVAJANJE I

ODGOVORNA NADLEŽNA TIJELA .................................................................................. 128

7.2 PROCJENA KAKO ODABRANI PaM-ovi OSIGURAVAJU USKLAĐENOST S

PLANOVIMA I PROGRAMIMA POSTAVLJENIM U DRUGIM RELEVANTNIM

PODRUČJIMA POLITIKE ...................................................................................... 131

8. PROJEKCIJE KOMBINIRANIH UTJECAJA PaM-A ("S DODATNIM

MJERAMA" - WAM) NA SMANJENJE EMISIJA, KVALITETU ZRAKA I OKOLIŠ I

POVEZANE NESIGURNOSTI ........................................................................................... 132

8.1 PREDVIĐENO POSTIZANJE OBVEZA SMANJENJA EMISIJA ...................................... 132

8.2 NELINEARNA PUTANJA RADI SMANJENJA EMISIJA .................................................. 135


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8.3 KORIŠTENJE FLEKSIBILNOSTI .......................................................................................... 138

8.4 PROJEKCIJE POBOLJŠANJA KVALITETE ZRAKA .......................................................... 138

8.5 PROJEKCIJE UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ ................................................................................. 140

8.6 METODOLOGIJE I NESIGURNOSTI WAM OPCIJA PaM................................................. 140

8.7 PRAĆENJE NAPRETKA U PROVEDBI MJERA ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA I

NACIONALNOG PROGRAMA KONTROLE ONEČIŠĆENJA............................................ 142

9. DISEMINACIJA PROGRAMA KONTROLE ONEČIŠĆENJA ZRAKA .............................. 144

LITERATURA ........................................................................................................................................ 146

PRILOG 1. OPIS TRENUTNO PRIMIJENJENIH I USVOJENIH PaM ....................................... 149

PRILOG 2. POLAZNE PRETPOSTAVKE I PARAMETRI ZA PROJEKCIJE ............................ 167


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LIST OF TABLES

Tablica 1-1: Emisijske kvote za razdoblje do 2020. g. prema članku 5. Uredbe NEC ................................... 11

Tablica 1-2: Tablica 5. iz Priloga I. Uredbe NEC ......................................................................................... 14

Tablica 2-1: Pregled akcijskih planova prema izvješćima u e-reporting sustavu (stavka H) ........................ 39

Tablica 2-2: Pregled mjera iz akcijskih planova prema izvješćima u e-reporting sustavu (stavka K) ........... 40

Tablica 4-1: Pregled usvojenih i primijenjenih PaM čiji je utjecaj integriran u scenarij s postojećim mjerama

(WM scenarij) .................................................................................................................................................. 85

Tablica 4-2: Pregled analize osjetljivosti ....................................................................................................... 99

Tablica 8-1: Pregled analize osjetljivosti ...................................................................................................... 141

Tablica P 2-1: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Energetika i Promet ............................................................... 167

Tablica P 2-2: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Proizvodni procesi i uporaba proizvoda ................................ 169

Tablica P 2-3: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Poljoprivreda ......................................................................... 169

Tablica P 2-4: Pretpostavke za projekcije - Otpad ...................................................................................... 170

Tablica P 2-5: Parametri za projekcije - opći parametri ............................................................................... 170

Tablica P 2-6: Parametri za projekcije - energetika: ukupna potrošnja goriva, proizvodnja električne

energije, scenarij 's mjerama'. ....................................................................................................................... 171

Tablica P 2-7: Parametri za projekcije - energetika:neposredna potrošnja energije ................................ 171

Tablica P 2-8: Parametri za projekcije - klima........................................................................................... 171

Tablica P 2-9: Parametri za projekcije - industrija .................................................................................... 171

Tablica P 2-10: Parametri za projekcije - promet ...................................................................................... 172

Tablica P 2-11: Parametri za projekcije - poljoprivreda ........................................................................... 172

Tablica P 2-12: Parametri za projekcije - Otpad ....................................................................................... 173


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LIST OF FIGURES

Slika 4-1: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija SO2 za WM scenarij ........................................................... 95

Slika 4-2: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NOX za WM scenarij ......................................................... 95

Slika 4-3: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NH3 za WM scenarij .......................................................... 96

Slika 4-4: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NMHOS za WM scenarij ................................................... 96

Slika 4-5: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM25 za WMscenarij .......................................................... 97

Slika 4-6: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM10 za WMscenarij .......................................................... 97

Slika 4-7: Analiza osjetljivosti emisija u odnosu na WMscenarij ............................................................... 99

Slika 8-1: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija SO2 za WM i WAM scenarij ............................................ 132

Slika 8-2: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NOx za WM i WAM scenarij .......................................... 133

Slika 8-3: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NH3 za WM i WAM scenarij ........................................... 133

Slika 8-4: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija NMHOS za WM i WAM scenarij ................................... 134

Slika 8-5: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM25 za WM i WAM scenarij .......................................... 134

Slika 8-6: Povijesni trend i projekcije emisija PM10 za WM i WAM scenarij .......................................... 135

Slika 8-7: Analiza osjetljivosti emisija u odnosu na WAMscenarij ........................................................ 141

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS


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GDP Gross domestic product Gross domestic product

CLRTAP

Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution

Convention on Long Range Transunary

Air Pollution

CRF Summary table of the emissions calculation

pursuant to the UNFCCC Common Reporting Forat (UNFCCC)

CV Target values

DDT Dichloro-Diphenyl-chloroethane (Dichloro-diphenyl trirettan)

DHA State Meteorological and Service of Meteorological

EEA European Environment Agency European Environmental Agency

EIONET European Information and Observation Network

European Environment Information and

Observation Network

EMEP

Protocol on the long-term financing of the Programme for the monitoring and

assessment of the cross-border transfer of air pollutants at long distances in Europe

‘Protocol on The Long-Term Financing

of the Cooperative Programme for

Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long

Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in

Europe’

ESD Decision 406/2009/EC concerning effort sharing

Effort Sharing Decision 406/2009/EC

EU The European Union

EU ETS European Emissions Trading System

EU Emission Trading System

FZOEU Environmental Protection and Energy

Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of

Science and Arts

Environmental Protection and Energy

Efficiency Fund

GP Gothenburg Protocol Gothenburg protocol

GT Tolerance limit

GV Limit values

H 2 S Hydrogen sulfide

AOP Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (by 31.122018 — as of 1.1.2019

took over the Agency’s tasks)

NECP Emission ceilings for specific atmospheric

pollutants National emission Cell

NFR

Format for reporting of pollutant emissions under the LRTAP Convention Nomenclature for Reporting (according

to LRTAP Convention)

IIA Report on pollutant emissions (in addition to

CCS

Convention)

Information Inventory Report (according to LRTAP Convention)

IPCC The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change

JLS Municipality

LULUCF Land use, land-use change and forestry Land use, land use change and forestry

NH3 Ammonia Ammonia

NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic compounds

NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide

ABOUT 3 Ozone

P/A Annex

PAM Policies and measures Policy and Measures

PB Lead

PM 2,5 Particle aerodynamic diameter of 2,5 gm


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Note: The Act amending the Act on the Organisation and Competences of Ministries and Other Central State

Administration Bodies (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 116/18) and the

Act amending the Environmental Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No) has been repealed by the Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine

(NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 118/18). the Croatian Agency for the Environment and

Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No) has been abolished by the

Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No). the Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of

the Republic of Croatia) No) and the Act amending the Environmental Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN;

official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No) has been abolished by the Croatian Agency for the

Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No). the

Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No) has been abolished by the Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (Narodne Novine

(NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No)

PM 10 Air sphere with an aerodynamic diameter of

less than 10 um

TAD average exposure indicator ‘Average exposure indicator’ (AEI)

LRUS Regional local government

SEAP Energy Sustainable Development Action Plan

Sustainable Energy Action Plan

SIF EU Structural and investment funds European Union

SO 2 Sulphur dioxide

TERT technical expert audit team function review team

UN/ECE United Nations framework Convention on climate change

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UTT Total settling substance Suspended Particles

Zn Zinc


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1INTRODUCTION

In order to fulfil the air pollutant emission reduction commitments for sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides

(NO.), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH 3) and fine particulate matter (PM

2,5) for the period from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards, contributing to the achievement of

anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants, in order to advance air quality levels that do not give rise to

significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment, the Programme for the control

of air pollution has been developed in accordance with Article 20. Regulations on national obligations to

reduce the emissions of certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 76/18) (hereinafter the Regulation) and the Guidelines for the

elaboration and implementation of the national air pollution control programmes of Member States by the

European Commission.

The available sources of information listed in Chapter 1.3 have been used to prepare the Air Pollution Control

Programme. The structure of the document is combined, and the European Commission is combined to

develop and implement national air pollution control programmes (hereinafter: formate).The format of the

Programme is defined by the Implementing Decision for determining the format of the national air

pollution control programme 1 (hereinafter PKOZ Implementing Decision), adopted by the European

Commission pursuant to Article 6.(10) Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants,

amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (hereafter NEC Directive).In

accordance with Article 2Implementing Decisions PENZ, Member States, shall use the common formats to be

used when reporting the national air pollution control programme to the Commission in accordance with

Article 10(1).NEC of the Directive.

The Air Pollution Control Programme contains more information to better understand the issue and

performance of the contractual obligations and does not follow the format in the numbering of content

chapters. The format tables are part of the substantive chapters of the Programme for the Control of Air

Pollution Control (Chapter 1.4), and their original number, each of which is included in the chapter of the

mandatory format for ease of reference for the reader. In the light of the foregoing, the numbering of the

relevant chapter shall also appear at the beginning of each chapter. It should be pointed out that not all format

tables are mandatory and, arbitrarily, can fill them out of the table if the data available to them are available.

The mandatory fields are in the format shown in bold (bold) and indicated by the code ( M12).

The air pollution control programme shall comprise: an overview of the national policy framework and

measures in the area of air quality and air pollution, the review of progress in reducing emissions and the

improvement of air quality achieved through existing policies and measures (hereinafter PAM) and the degree

of alignment with European Union commitments (hereinafter PAM) and the degree of alignment with

European Union commitments (hereinafter PAM) and the degree of alignment with European Union

commitments (hereinafter PAM) and the degree of alignment with European Union commitments (hereinafter

PAM) and the degree of alignment with European Union commitments (hereafter PAM) as well as the degree

of alignment with PAM already adopted, possible policy options to comply with the 2020, 2030 reduction and

reduction commitments already adopted, stakeholder consultations with the public and key sector

stakeholders, selection of PAM for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption,

implementation, audit and responsible authorities, projections of the combined effect of PAM on emission

reductions, air quality and the environment and associated uncertainties, and the financial resources and

timeframe required to implement PAM.

The introductory phrase below provides a summary of the legal framework for drawing up the air pollution

control programme, the purpose and objective of the scheme and the available sources of information to be

taken into account in the preparation.

Commission1 Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1522 of 11 October 2018 establishing a common format of national air pollution

control programmes in accordance with NEC Directive 2 abbreviationMission (s) required


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1.1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

PROGRAMMES

The legal basis for drawing up the Air Pollution Control Programme (hereinafter: the Programme) is the

Environmental Protection Act (NN Nos 80/13, 153/13, 78/15 and 12/18), the Air Protection Act (NN Nos

130/11, 47/14 and 61/17) and the NEC Regulation.

The Republic of Croatia is party to a number of international agreements, conventions and protocols,

including those concerning atmospheric pollution.

The 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (the LRTAP Convention) is a framework

agreement which obliges States to combat air pollution. The protocols are key assets/legal instruments for

reducing air pollution. To date, the LRTAP Convention follows up to 8 protocols which provide concrete

measures to reduce air pollution, namely the individual pollutants — sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides

(NO x), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals (TM) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

These obligations have also been adopted by Croatia as a Party to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range

Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No 12/93) and of the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (‘the

Gothenburg Protocol’) (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) — International

Treaties, No 07/08).A BCP shall promote an approach that takes into account the multiple effects of

individual pollutants, in order to prevent or minimise exceedance of critical loads from acidification, nutrient

nitrogen loads and critical levels of ground-level ozone for human health and vegetation. To this end, the

Protocol outlines national emission allocations that each Party must maintain below the defined value by 2010

and in the years thereafter, for the following pollutants: SO 2, NOx, NH 3 and VOC.In EU legislation and then

into national law, the Protocol has been largely transposed by Directive 2001/80/EC of the European

Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on large combustion plants and Directive 2001/81/EC of

the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain

atmospheric pollutants (the old NEC Directive).

Considering that the amendments to the Protocol relating to new emission reduction commitments have been

adopted including in addition to the abovementioned pollutants and fine particulate matter (PM 2,5).Existing

air policy has been enhanced at the EU level with the aim of achieving levels of air quality that do not give

rise to significant negative impacts on, and risks to, human health and the environment, and the Directive was

adopted.

The new NEC Directive provides new reduction commitments for certain pollutants in VOC, NH 3, SO 2, PM

2,5 and NOx for the periods from 2020 to 2029 and after 2030 at a certain percentage (%) reduction compared

to 2005 as the base year in which the fulfilment of obligations is monitored. It is also required that 2025

shows a linear reduction in emissions with specific exemptions. New NEC’s Directive was also subject to

obligations proposed in complemented and amended Protocol that were defined to reach in 2010 and in the

subsequent years. It was mentioned in Article 5 by NEC, while the defined emission allocations for the period

up to 2020 have been shown in the teaching table 1-1.

The Republic of Croatia is also a Party of the following protocols to the LRTAP Convention: The Protocol

regarding the joint monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transboundary movement of pollutants in

Table 1-1: Emission ceilings for the period up to 2020 pursuant to Article 5NEC Regulation Pollutant Emission allocation

for 2010 and subsequent years Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) 70 kt nitrogen oxides (NOx) 87 kt non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) 90 kt Ammonia (NH 3) 30 kt


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Europe (NN No 12/93), the Protocol relating to the further reduction of sulphur emissions in 1998 (Narodne

Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) — International Treaties, No 05/07 and 3/99), the

Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia)

No 05/07), the Protocol on the control of emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary fluxes (NN No

10/07), the Protocol on the control of emissions of volatile organic compounds or their transboundary fluxes

to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (NN No 10/07).

The national emission reduction commitments and air emission ceilings are laid down in the NEC Regulation.

The NEC Regulation provides for certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification,

eutrophication and photochemical pollution, emission allowances and national reduction commitments for a

given period in the Republic of Croatia and the method of calculation of emissions calculations. The

following EU Directives were transposed by NEC in the legal order of the Republic of Croatia:

- Articles 1 and 4Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October

2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (OJ L 309, 27.112001), as

supplemented by Council Directive 2013/17/EU of 13 May 2013 adapting certain directives in the field

of environment, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia (OJ L 158, 10.62013) and

- NEC Directive.

The core objective of the NEC Regulation is to limit anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants, to

make progress in achieving levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and

risks to human health and the environment.


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1.2. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME

Air pollution is a significant environmental risk in particular in areas exposed to elevated concentrations of

PM 10 and PM 2,5, ozone and other pollutants (NH 3, NMVOC, SO 2 and NO x) in air. The pollutants can be

transported over long distances and may affect air quality, human health and quality of life, as well as their

primary source of release, as well as by far from the primary source of discharge. The contribution to

pollution is therefore very different for individual locations and cities, namely they are the largest contribution

of local sources (those directly to receivers, e.g. street transport), and are the contribution of emissions

generated by the level of the city or region or those resulting from the transfer across national borders.

The improvement of air quality requires a coordinated application of PAM at various levels; international

under conventions and protocols, followed by national programmes and roadmaps, at local level with air

quality action plans as well as with other instruments.

In order to improve air quality and to meet the national air pollutants reduction commitments, it is necessary

to develop a first Air Pollution Control Programme and to submit it to the European Commission by 1 April

2019 and every four years thereafter, and, if appropriate, earlier depending on the need for updates in respect

of the fulfilment of obligations. Compliance shall be monitored in the course of the annual review of the

report on emissions of certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia which are submitted to the European

Commission for the Protection of the Environment.

The European Commission underlines the importance of the National Air Pollution Control Programme

(hereinafter referred to as NPCP) in the Implementing Decision:

- the main steering instrument in accordance with Directive (EU) 2016/2284 and supported by the

Member States to plan national PAM’s required to comply with the national emission reduction

commitments set out in that Directive by 2020 and 2030, shall contribute to the achievement of the air

quality objectives in accordance with Article 1(2) of that Directive, as well as ensuring compliance

with the plans and programmes set out in other relevant policy areas, including climate, energy,

agriculture, industry and transport;

- facilitate medium- and long-term planning, thereby increasing the predictability of stakeholders, while

at the same time supporting the transition of investments towards clean and efficient technologies;

- contribute to the improvement of air quality and the management of air emissions in the Member States

by requesting consultations of competent authorities with responsibilities in the field of air pollution,

quality and management at all levels of the administration prior to the adoption of the programme;

- a contribution should also be made to the successful implementation of air quality plans established in

accordance with Article 23. Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe

(CAFE Directive).To this end, Member States should take into account the need to reduce emissions, in

particular nitrogen oxides and fine particles, in zones and agglomerations affected by the excessive

concentrations of air pollutants and/or in those zones and agglomerations that contribute significantly

to air pollution in other zones and agglomerations, including neighbouring countries.

Member States, as set out in Implementing Decision PENZ and according to the European Commission,

should: “Second Report on the State of the Energy Union3 “, wherever possible, develop its national energy

and climate plans, in parallel with their national air pollution control programmes to ensure synergies and

reduce implementation costs, future plans largely rely on similar measures and actions. To this end, and in

accordance with Annex I of the proposal for a Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union of 30

November 20164, which provides a general framework for integrated national energy and climate plans, the

impact of PAM contained in these plans, on emissions of atmospheric pollutants and on air quality should also

be considered.

The NLF Implementing Decision also highlights the importance of a common format which increases

3 COM (2017) 53 final — Second Report on the State of the Energy Union 4 COM (2016) 759 final — Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the

Governance of the Energy Union, amending Directive 94/22/EC, Directive 98/70/EC, Directive 2009/31/EC, Regulation (EC) No 663/2009,

Regulation (EC) No 715/2009, Directive 2009/73/EC, Council DIRECTIVE 2009/119/EC, Directive 2010/31/EU, Directives 2-12/27/EU,

Directive 2013/30/EU and Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013


13

consistency5 with the EU PAM reporting in the EU climate and energy policy framework. To that end, the

common format is broadly consistent with the relevant reporting obligations under Regulation (EU) No

525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and

reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to

climate change at national and Union level, and repealing Decision 280/2004/EC (hereinafter: Regulation

525/2013)6 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 of 30 June 2014 on structure,

format, submission processes and review of information reported by Member States pursuant to Regulation

(EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (hereinafter: Commission Implementing

Regulation (EU) No 749/2014).

The EC has drafted its Report on “The First Clean Air Outlook7 ”, a follow-up analysis which presents an

updated outlook on reducing emissions in the period up to 2030, as well as possible further assistance to

Member States in identifying cost-effective additional PAM in order to meet the emission reduction

commitments up to 2020 and 2030. In ‘The First Clean Air Outlook’ stresses that for the majority of

atmospheric pollutants regulated by NEC of the Directive, the EU exists, or is in the process of adopting a law

on the control of air pollution at source, which would significantly support the achievement of national

emission reduction commitments, but ammonia is also an exception on the EU level; Therefore, additional

national PAM had to be required to achieve the reduction of ammonia reduction.National air pollution control

programmes should therefore also include proportionate measures applying to the agricultural sector.

The purpose of the Programme is to enable the following two objectives to be met:

- Fulfilment of the pollutant emission reduction commitments so 2, NO x, NMVOC, PM 2,5 and NH 3

(table 1-2),

- to contribute to progress in the attainment of levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant

negative impacts on, and risks to, human health and the environment (objective, as referred to in

Article 3(1).The text of the Regulation to NEC).

In accordance with Article 19(7) ofThe NEC Regulation as well as Article 6(5).Both NEC of the Directive

and Appendix I of Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003

which ensures the public’s participation with regard to the drawing up of certain plans and programmes

relating to the environment8, the Ministry (MZOIP) will consult the public on a proposal for a Air Pollution

Control Programme and any relevant amendments, prior to the completion of the same and adoption by the

Croatian Government.

5 coherence 6 Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a national and Union level relevant to

climate change, OJ L 165, 18.6.2013, p. 13 7 COM (2018) 446 final — First Clean Air Outlook 8 Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the

drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending Council Directive 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC as

regards public participation and access to justice


14

1.3. AVAILABLE DATA SOURCES

The available data sources for drawing up the air pollution control programme, which have been taken into

account (among others), are the following:

- The 2013-2017 Plan to protect the air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in Croatia

- assessment of air quality in the Republic of Croatia based on Air Quality Assessment in the Republic

of Croatia for the period 2011Year 2015 as provided for in Directive 2008/50/EC (DHZ 2017);

- Biennial Report 2013-2015 on compliance with the Plan for Air Protection, Ozone Layer and Climate

Change Mitigation in Croatia for 2013-2017 (HOP);

- Action plans for improving the air quality of Zagreb, Osijek, Sisak, Kutina, Rijeka, Slavonski Brod

- Phasing-out programme for certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia for the period up to the end

of 2010, with emission projections for the period 2010-2020 (NN No 152/09)

- Reports of data from the environmental pollution register, HAOP;

- A roadmap towards a low-carbon competitive economy by 2050 (COM (2011) 112 final);

- Energy Roadmap 2050(COM (2011) 885/2);

- Framework for climate and energy policies for 2030 (COM (2014) 15 final), Impact Assesment,

Policy summary of UK analysis on EU 2030 targets;

- The seventh national report of the Republic of Croatia to the UNFCCC, 2018;

- Third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (2014);

- A national renewable energy action plan until 2020;

- the most recent reports on GHG inventory and pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of

Croatia (MZOIP);

- the latest reports on greenhouse gas projections and of emissions of certain pollutants into the

Republic of Croatia, MZOIP;

- PAM Report Report;

Table 1-2: Table 5 of Annex I to NEC Regulation Emission reduction commitments of the Republic

of Croatian non-methane volatile organic

compounds (NMVOC 2020 until 2029 and 2030)

The period of base year for monitoring and control

shall be applied to the emissions calculated on the

basis of

E and the EU for sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides (NO x), ), ammonia (NH 3) and fine particulate matter (PM 2,5) for the period

from e.

the emission reduction commitments shall be 2005 and for the road

transport on the road.

Reduction of SO 2 compared to

2005 Decrease of NO x in comparison

with 2005 NMVOC reduction compared with

2005

For any year

from 2020 until

2029

For any year

from 2030 For any year

from 2020 until

2029

For any year

from 2030 For any year

from 2020 until

2029

For any year

from 2030

Republic of Croatia 55 % 83 % 31 % 57 % 34 % 48 %

European Union

59 % 79 % 42 % 63 % 28 % 40 %

Reduction of NH 3 in comparison with 2005 PM 2,5 reduction compared with 2005

For any year

from 2020 until

2029

For any year from 2030 For any year

from 2020 until

2029

For any year from 2030

Republic of Croatia

1 % 25 % 18 % 55 %

European Union

6 % 19 % 22 % 49 %


15

- Expert substrates for the development of the Low Carbon Strategy for Croatia for the period up to

2030 with an outlook to 2050, a Green Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP);

- The expert basis for drawing up the low-carbon development strategy of the Republic of Croatia for

the period up to 2030, with an outlook to 2050, the White Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP);

- Instructions of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

- National transitional plan pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Council on industrial emissions, June 2013;

The basic document used as a basis for drawing up the Programme shall be the technical basis for the air

pollution control programme, 2018.(EKNERG).

The technical basis for the development of the air pollution control programme included an overview of the

national air pollution and air pollution control framework, an overview of the progress in reducing emissions

and improving the air quality achieved by the existing PAM, the degree of alignment of national commitments

with EU commitments, the degree of alignment of national commitments with EU commitments, the review

of the further development projections (projections), the proposals for possible policy options for the

alignment with the 2020 reduction commitments, 2030 and the intermediate 2025 reduction commitments, the

PAM proposal for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption, implementation, audit and

responsible authorities, the projections of the combined effect of PAM on emission reductions, air quality and

environmental quality and associated uncertainties and the financial resources estimate and also as a

timeframe necessary to implement PAM.


16

2NATIONAL AIR POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR AIR QUALITY AND AIR

POLLUTION

2.1. BRIEFING NOTES ON THE STATE OF PLAY ON THE CURRENT PROGRAMME

The Government of the Republic of Croatia is pursuant to Article 5(2).With Regulation (EU) No on emission

quotas for certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the

Republic of Croatia) No 141/08), the Emission Reduction Programme for certain pollutants in the Republic

of Croatia for the period up to the end of 2010 and the emission projections for the period 2010-2020 ( NN

No 152/09) have been adopted by the Republic of Croatia (NN No): Programme 2010-2020).The

abovementioned Programme 2010-2020 has been adopted on the basis of the Protocol to the 1979

Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone

(Narodne Novine ( NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 4/08), the Protocol on Heavy Metals

of the Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution in 1979 (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the

Republic of Croatia) No 5/07) and the Regulation on emission quotas for certain pollutants in the Republic

of Croatia stipulating certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and

photochemical pollution, their emission allocation for a given period in the Republic of Croatia and the

calculation of annual emission budgets.

There have been a number of improvements to EU legislation since 2009 such as the review of the Protocol

to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone to the 1979 Convention on

Transboundary Air Pollution.The Republic of Croatia became a full member of the EU in 2013, bringing

new international commitments. Consequently, the need for the upgrading of the Programme 2010-2020 was

necessary, as was done.

In 2015, a Programme for the gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of

Croatia has been prepared in 2020, with projections of emissions up to 2020, 2025 and 2030, the reference

to 2050 (hereinafter the 2010 + 2050 Agenda), the legal basis for its creation was Article 7.Regulations on

emission quotas for certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia.Programme 2010/2020/2050 sets out

the emission projections of the pollutants SO 2, NOx, NH 3, NMVOC, PM 10, PM 2,5 and CH 4 for 2020, 2025,

2030 with a view to the year 2050. Projections were prepared according to EMEP/EEA manual 2013. Activity

levels in 2012 derive from the official national data set for all sectors: Report on the budget for emissions of

pollutants into the air in the Republic of Croatia 2015(1990.2013) (IIR 2015).

The sources of activity data, the baseline parameters and the assumptions for making the projections of

pollutants are identical to those used for the GHG projections. Projections are ready for a scenario of measures

(WM) and for a scenario with additional measures (WAM) according to which two scenarios were considered

and a scenario of the gradual transition to a low-carbon economy (MIP 1) and a scenario of a strong transition

to a low-carbon economy (N2).


17

2.2. PRIORITY POLICIES AND THEIR RELATION TO PRIORITIES SET IN OTHER

RELEVANT AREAS

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.3.‘The national quality and surplus policy framework’, Format of the national air pollution control programmes.

The national emission reduction commitments and air emission ceilings are laid down in the NEC Regulation.

The NEC Regulation provides for national reduction commitments for a given period in Croatia and the

methodology for calculating emissions for certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification,

eutrophication and photochemical pollution, their emission allocations, i.e. NEC’s core objective of limiting

anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants in order to make progress in achieving levels of air quality

that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment.

NEC Regulation also contributes to further:

- air quality objectives laid down in the positive national regulation regulating levels of air pollutants

and progress towards the EU’s long-term air quality objective, in line with the air quality guidelines

published by the World Health Organisation,

- the EU’s biodiversity and ecosystem objectives in line with the 7th Environmental Action

Programme; and

- strengthening the synergies between the EU’s air quality policies and other relevant EU policies, in

particular climate and energy policies.

Total national emission allocations valid until 2020 listed in Table 1-1 are:

- Sulphur dioxide (SO 2): 70 kt

- nitrogen oxides (NOx): 87 kt

- non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC): 90 kt

- Ammonia (NH 3): 30 kt

These obligations have also been adopted by Croatia as a Party to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range

Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No 12/93) and of the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (NN)

(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 07/08).

The emission reduction commitments of the Republic of Croatia and the EU for certain pollutants sulphur

dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH 3)

and fine particulate matter (PM 2, 5) for the period 2020-2029 and from 2030 onwards are given in Table 1-2

as part of a teaching table that is required in the format 2.3.1. Priority policies and their links with the

priorities set in other relevant policy areas (M).

A base year for monitoring and controlling the compliance with the emission reduction commitments shall be

2005 years, and for road transport, the emissions calculated on the basis of the fuel sold shall be applied.

Table 2.3.1, which forms part of the PKZ Implementing Decision, gives an outline of the priority policies and

their link with the priorities set in other relevant policy areas.


18

National emission

reduction

commitments

compared to base

year 2005 (in%) (M):

SO2 Calculation NMVOC NH3 PM2,5

2020-2029 (M): 55 % 31 % 34 % 1 % 18 % From 2030 (M): 83 % 57 % 48 % 25 % 55 %

2.3.1 Priority policies and their linkage to priorities set in other relevant areas policy areas (M)

Quality objectives

zraka: nacionalne

priority policy

linked to EU or

national air quality

objectives (incl.

marginal and

target values and

commitments

exposure

concentrations (M):

The National Air Protection Policy was set up by the Air Protection, Ozone Layer, and

Climate Change Mitigation in Croatia for the period 2013-2017 (Narodne novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 139/13).

The relevant objectives of the national priority policy related to air quality shall be:

• C1Prevent or progressively reduce air pollution to protect

human health, quality of life and the environment as a whole.

• C2Improving the full air quality management system and

monitoring air quality in Croatia.

For C1 and C2 objectives, a range of measures for monitoring and assessing air quality in the

Republic of Croatia comply with the CAFE Directive requirements (see Chapter 3.2).

Below is a summary of the fulfilment of the obligations of CAFE Directive: - the delimitation of the State has been established between the State in zones and

agglomerations,

- defined locations of measurement positions and monitoring programme in the national

air quality monitoring network (in line with CAFE Directive criteria);

- the annual reports on ambient air quality publish the classification of zones and

agglomerations according to the levels of contamination as regards the protection of

human health and a classification according to contamination levels with regard to

vegetation protection.

Air quality monitoring in Croatia shall be carried out in accordance with Articles 27, 31,

32 and 33. Air Protection Act (NN Nos 130/11, 47/14 and 61/17) (hereinafter: ZZZ) through

the state air quality monitoring network and local networks of cities, counties and the polluter.

In the 2013-2017 period (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia)

Nos), the plan for protecting the air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in Croatia (NN

No 139/13) proposed the following measures to ensure compliance with EU air quality

monitoring and assessment legislation with air quality objectives:

• MPR-2 Adoption of a new regulation on the designation of zones and agglomerations

according to air pollution levels.

• MPR-3 Adoption of a new regulation on location of locations of measurement stations

in the national air quality monitoring network and a list of monitoring sites’

concentration of pollutant concentrations for mutual exchange of information and

reporting

0 assessment and management of air quality.

• MPR-4 Taking a new programme for the measurement of the level of contamination in

the State network for continuous air quality monitoring.

• MPR-5 Air quality monitoring system at stations from the national grid

1 quality assurance of measurement and data

• MOV-1 Making the register of air pollutant emissions required for the air quality

models for ozone pollution, from which MPR-11 produces a register of pollutant

emissions for small and diffuse sources with a spatial distribution to the EMEP of a high

resolution network.

Zones and agglomerations for monitoring air quality


19

The 9 above Regulation expired the Regulation on the designation of areas and agglomerations by air quality category (NN No 68/2008),

which was divided into 7 agglomerations and 6 agglomerations (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Osijek, Sisak and Kutina).

The Decree on the designation of zones and agglomerations according to air pollution levels in

the Republic of Croatia (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No

1/14) 9 sets out the coverage of zones and 4 agglomerations as shown in the teaching image and

in the tables specifying the designation, the name and the coverage of the zones and

agglomerations:

Following the Air Quality Assessment on the territory of the Republic of Croatia 2006-2010

according to EU Directive 2008/50/EC, the Decree on the designation of zones and

agglomerations according to air pollution levels in the Republic of Croatia (NN No 1/14)

divided into 5 zones and 4 agglomerations for monitoring air quality. Air quality assessment of

the Republic of Croatia should be carried out at least every five years.

An Air Quality Assessment for the territory of Croatia 2011-2015 was prepared in November

2017: (available at:Http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786) stating that there is no proposed

change in the spatial scope of the zones and agglomerations.

By validating the existing zoning separation into zones and agglomerations, the new regulation

on the designation of zones and agglomerations shall be considered to be carried out in MPR-2.

List of zones in Croatia

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786


20

Classification of zones and agglomerations by contamination level

CODE ZONES

NAME OF ZONE COVERAGE OF THE ZONE

EN 1 Continental

Croatia

Osijek-Baranja County (excluding the

agglomeration HR OS) Polities-Slavonia

County, Vukovar-Srijem County, the

county of Bjelovar-Bilogora County of the

Krapina-Zagorje County of Krapina-

Zagorje County Varaždin County Zagreb county (with the exception of

agglomeration HR ZG)

EN 2 Industrial zone

Brod-Posavina County of Sisak-

Moslavina County

EN 3 Bast, Gorski Kotar

and Primorje

Lika-Senj County Karlovac County of Primorje-Gorski

Kotar County (with the exception of

agglomeration HR I)

EN 4 Istria Istria County

EN 5 Dalmatia

Zadar County Šibenik-Knin County of Split-Dalmatia

County (with the exception of

agglomeration HR ST), Dubrovnik-

Neretva County,

List of agglomerations in the Republic of Croatia

CODE AGGLOMERATION

NAME AGGLOMERATION

COVERAGE AGGLOMERATION

HR ZG Zagreb

Town of Zagreb, City of Dugo

Selo Village, City of Samobor, City

of Saint Nedjelja, Velika

Gorica, City of Zaprešić

HR AXIS Osijek City of Osijek

RI River

City of Rijeka, Town of Bakar,

City of Qatar, City Kraljevica, Town of Opatija,

Municipality of Viškovo,

municipality of stone,

municipality of stone; Municipality of Kosanna,

Municipality of Klana,

Municipality of Matulji,

Municipality of Loran,

Municipal of Omišalj

HR ST Split

The City of Split, the City of

Kaštela, the Town of Solin, the

City of Klis, the Municipality of

Klis, the Municipality of Poet,

the Municipality of Segi


21

10 of the current Regulation were the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of individual air pollutants and location of measuring stations in the national air quality monitoring network (NN No 22/14) and the accompanying programme to measure the level of air pollution in the national air quality monitoring network (NN No 103/14; 117/14).

Under the Air Quality Assessment for the period 2006— 2010(DHZ, 2012) was adopted a

regulation on the designation of zones and agglomerations according to air pollution levels in

Croatia with the classification of zones and agglomerations in terms of the levels of

contamination for each pollutant relative to the upper and lower assessment thresholds/long-

term objective with regard to the protection of human health and vegetation protection.

The meaning of abbreviations used in the tables is as follows:

- DPP — lower threshold leaked;

- GPP — upper assessment threshold,

- DC — long-term goal for ground-level ozone

- GV — Limit value

Measurements are mandatory for the evaluation of contamination in zones where levels of

pollution are larger than the upper assessment threshold (> GPP).In areas where pollution levels

are between the upper and lower assessment thresholds (< GPP and > GMP) the measurement

data may be supplemented by modelling data or indicative measurements. In areas where

pollution level < DPP levels are used an objective estimation technique may also be used.

Location and measurement programme in the national air quality monitoring network

The sites and the programme for measurement in the national air quality monitoring network are

laid down in the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of

individual air pollutants and the location of measuring stations in the national network for

continuously monitoring air quality (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No 65/16) and the Programme for the measurement of air pollution on the State

network for continuous air quality monitoring (NN No 73/16) (10).

In the modernisation process, the State network and in some zones 2013.— 2017. the

scale of the measurements extended would be in order to reach the scope required by

the Regulation.

Air quality assessment in the territory of Croatia 2011-2015 _________________________

Classification of zones and agglomerations according to levels of contamination with regard to

the protection of human health

Zone code

and agglomeration

Level of air pollution per pollutant with regard to the protection of human

health

SO2 NO2 PM10 Benzene, benzo

(a)

pyrene

PB, As, CD, Ni

CO O3 Hg

HR ZG < GMP > GPP > GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

HR AXIS < GMP < GPP > GPP J< GPP < GMP < GMP > DC < V RI > GPP < GPP > GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

HR ST > GPP > GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

EN 1 < GPP < GMP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

EN 2 < GPP < GMP < GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

EN 3 < GMP < GPP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V EN 4 < GMP < GMP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

EN 5 < GMP < GMP < GPP < GMP < GMP < GMP > DC < V

Classification of zones and agglomerations by contamination level in

relation to vegetation protection

Code zones

Level of contamination of air by pollutants with regard to

vegetation protection

SO2 Calculation AOT40 parameter EN 1 < GMP < GPP > DC EN 2 < GPP < GPP > DC EN 3 < GMP < GPP > DC EN 4 < GMP < GPP > DC EN 5 < GMP < GPP > DC


22

In 2017, a new air quality assessment was prepared to suggest a higher number of

measuring instruments.

sites and extension of the measurement programme to the national continuous quality

monitoring network

air.

The conclusions of the Air Quality Assessment in the territory of Croatia 2011-2015 are summarised below, DH, November 2017:

SO 2

- Air quality criteria for the protection of human health and safety of vegetation fulfilled

in all zones and agglomerations

- Upper assessment threshold with regard to the protection of human health exceeded in

HR02

- Upper assessment threshold, with regard to the protection of the vegetation exceeded in all

zones

NO 2

- The limit on average annual concentration is exceeded at the post of Zagreb — 1 and

that station should continue to measure nitrogen dioxide

- All zones are below the upper assessment threshold of the protection of vegetation.

- The upper assessment threshold given the hourly concentration values exceeded by

the agglomeration of Zagreb (Zagreb 1) and the lower assessment threshold in the

agglomeration of Osijek (Osid-1)

- Upper assessment threshold according to the annual mean concentration exceeded in

the agglomeration of Zagreb (Zagreb 1)

PM 10

- Mean annual limit value exceeded in agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek, and in zone

HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutiina-1, Slavonski Bro-2)

- Number of days in the light of the mean daily level exceeded in Zagreb and Osijek,

zone HR 02 (Sis-1, Kutiina-1, Slavonski Bro-2) and in 2011 in Section HR 01 (Zoo)

- Exceeded and upper assessment thresholds in zones HR 01 (Comoros) and HR 02

(Kutina, Sisak) and in agglomerations Zagreb, Osijek and Rijeka and the lower

threshold in zone HR 04

PM2,5

- Exceeded limit values and tolerance values for Slavonski Brou-1

- Exceeded level threshold at the station ‘Slavonski Brodo-1’ and lower assessment

threshold in Kopako rif

ABOUT 3

- Ozone ozone target value (120 gg-3) exceeded in zones HR 01, HR 03, HR 04 and

HR 05 and agglomerations Zagreb and Rijeka

- AOT40 parameter exceeded in HR 01, HR 03, HR 04 and HR 05 and agglomerations

Zagreb and Rijeka

C6H6

- To be exceeded the mean annual concentration limit at the station of Sisak-1

- Lower average annual concentration limit exceeded in HR02

H2S

- The permitted number of exceedances of hourly thresholds in Sisak and Slavonski

Brod on the local station Zagreb was exceeded (the conditions under which the quality

of life has been degraded) were exceeded.

- The exceeded permissible number of exceedances in Slavonski Brod and on the local

station Zagreb was exceeded (the conditions under which the quality of life has been

degraded) were exceeded.

NH3

- Allowed number of exceedances per day in Kutina exceeded (degraded conditions of

quality of life) exceeded

B (a) P

- Exceedance of the annual mean concentration at stations Zagreb 1, Zagreb 3,

Slavonski Bro-1 and Sisak-1

- Above assessment threshold was exceeded at stations Zagreb 1 and Sisak-1

PPI — Average exposure indicator compound PM 2, s


23

The average exposure indicator, expressed in pg m — 3 is based on measurements from the urban

background locations in zones and agglomerations in the territory of the country, and used to

check whether the target for a reduction of exposures at national level has been achieved. It

should be estimated as the average of the mean values of the annual concentrations in three

consecutive years at all sampling points determined according to the specific regulation. The

AEI for the reference year 2015 is equal to the median concentrations for 2013, 2014 and 2015

and is 20.6 pg m — 3 and higher than the required exposure level for 2015, which is 20 pg m — 3.

Zones and agglomerations

The evaluation of air quality 2011-2015 proposed to maintain the spatial distribution of zones

and agglomerations in accordance with the Regulation on the designation of zones and

agglomerations according to air pollution levels in the Republic of Croatia, since conditions for

air quality demarcation have not changed.

Minimum number of measurement points for continuous air quality monitoring

One of the criteria for deciding whether to extend the grid to be extended is also an analysis of

the level of contamination in relation to the thresholds for the assessment. A summary of

analysis of contamination levels compared to the thresholds for 2011-2015 is shown for the

pollutants in the tables below.

Evaluation of the level of contamination in relation to human health assessment thresholds for

the period from 2011-2015 at the national monitoring network for permanent monitoring of air

quality in current zones and agglomerations (in non-measurement zones, model results are

used).

Pollution level Display Evaluation data

Below the lower assessment limit modelling, indicative measurements

Between the lower and upper assessment limits

measurement and modelling Above the upper assessment limit and above the long-term

target for ozone

measurement

coverage below 75 %

measurement measurements are not carried out, the model results are not

applicable


24

Evaluation of pollution level in accordance with the assessment thresholds for human health in

the period from 2011-2015 at the measurement points on national permanent air quality

monitoring sites and agglomerations in terms of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and

polycyclic hydrocarbons in ambient air.

Assessment of the level of contamination by critical levels for vegetation during the period

from 2011 in 2015 at the measuring points in the national permanent air quality monitoring

network according to the applicable zones. The critical levels for vegetation shall not apply to

the areas of agglomeration (in the zones without measuring the results of the model).

The assessment identified the need to increase the measurement volumes in the national air

quality monitoring network.

In HR 01 there is no single measurement point for PM 2,5 and one PM 10 seat because the upper

assessment limit (GGP) has been exceeded. While this non-compliance appeared only in 2015,

the number of measuring sites must be increased to meet the criteria of Annex V to Directive

2008/50/EC.Here, it should be noted that in this zone for the period 2006: In 2010, the GGP

was not exceeded and it appeared as a new commitment for the period 2016.— 2020.

In an agglomeration, HR OS is also lacking a single measuring point (urban background

station) that will be in place during the period 2018.— 2021, through the State network

modernisation project.

The GGP for benzene has been exceeded in the agglomeration HR ZG, which follows that there

is a need to establish two additional locations for the measurement of benzene in the subsequent

period 2016.— 2020, which will be ensured through the modernisation of the State network.

According to the results of the ozone residue measurement, the criterion of the number of

measuring points is not met. Although there are measurements at the urban background station

in Velika Gorica and at the urban background station in Zagreb 03, the measurement data has

not been satisfactory, so that this problem has to be solved in order to avoid non-compliance.

According to the Regulation on the number of posts, the formal criterion is met (2 units of

measurement) but only one station meets the criterion in question on the coverage criterion. In

addition, the HR ZG is planned to develop another urban background station in 2018.— 2020,

so that this zone is expected to be non-compliant with respect to ground-level ozone in the

future. Furthermore, in the HR zone ZG there is a non-compliance with both benzo (a) pyrene

(BaP).Values exceed the UEL in such a way

Station measuring stations Zone/Agora. Pollutant

As Cd No BaP

ZAGREB 1 HR-WG

ZAGREB 3 HR-WG

ERIP 1 IRI

SISAK-1 EN 02

SLAVONSKI BROD-1 EN 02


25

Climate change

policy objectives

(and energy)

that it is over the period 2018.— 2020 years to be analysed for particulate matter at another

measurement location.

The table gives the presentation of a minimum number of monitoring points for the individual

pollutants required to be set in accordance with the new Assessment of Air Quality:

A measuring point for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the Republic of

Croatia has until now not yet been established but is planned in the framework of the

modernisation of the State network (2018.2021).

With regard to the implementation of the MPR-3 measures and the adoption of a new regulation

on the location of measurement points across the national air quality network for continuous

monitoring of air quality and a list of monitoring sites for the concentration of pollutants for

mutual information exchange and reporting on air quality assessment and management, and

MPR-4 and the adoption of a new programme for the measurement of pollution levels in air

quality monitoring and management and in MPR- and MPR- MPR-2017 monitoring of air

quality monitoring system, as well as MPR-5 measures, the new Regulation and the Programme

were adopted as a precondition for grants from structural phonograms for the implementation of

the project ‘Improving and modernising the state air quality upgrade network — AIRQ’.

In connection with the implementation of the MPR-1 measure, Making the register of air

pollutant emissions required by MPR-11 for the ozone pollution assessment set out below for

MPR- and the creation of a register of pollutant emissions for small and diffuse sources with

spatial distribution to the EP’s high-resolution network, a complete register of pollutant

emissions for small and diffuse sources with a spatial distribution is drawn up in the EP’s high-

resolution network (chapter 6. On a Preventive Action Plan — MPR-11).

The results of the implementation of the action can be found at:Https: //emep.haop.hr/.Results

shall provide a spatial representation of pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of

Croatia for the zones in resolution 0,1°x0,1° (long haul) and for agglomerations in resolution

500 m x 500 m (long-lat).The implementation of this measure shall provide for detailed

emission data for air quality modelling on the High Resolution scale.

In the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, Croatia accepted an individual emission

reduction commitment of 5 % and fulfilled its commitment. For the second commitment period,

from 2013 to 2020, the Republic of Croatia accepted a 20 % emission reduction commitment

compared to 1990 levels, but as a joint commitment to reduce the EU under the Doha

amendment [1].

The Republic of Croatia may, according to the allocation of commitments for emission

reductions within the EU, as defined in Decision 406/2009/EC on effort-sharing (hereinafter the

ESD), increase their emissions by 2020 in the ESD sectors by 11 % compared to 2005.

The national policy on climate change set out in Chapter VIII of the Air Protection Act

(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14 and

61/17)Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate

change.

Zone/ AGI.

Strain BUT; PM to * PM:

CtHi PB CO BC Ot BaP * PAH

PAH Neither

Cd. As,

Hg

TAD COM PM

Hg VOC

MR01 < V! 0/2 6/4 0/2 0/lm 0/M 0/0 Z/l 0/lm 0/1 0/1m 0/0 M/M 0/0 0/0 HR02 2/4 0/1 3/3 2/3 0/2 0/M 0/1 1/2 2/2 O/lm 0/2 0/0 0/1 0/0 0/0 NR0I < V! 0/2 0/2 0/lm 0/lm 0/1 0/0 T 3 0/lm (mm 0/lm 0/0 >/i 0/0 0/0 FOR HRCM. 0/M 0/1 1/2 M/Im 0/lm D/M 0/0 1/2 0/lm 0 X 1 0/lm m/o 0/M 0/0 m/o ROS 0/2 o/l 0/2 0/liti 0/lm 0/1 0/0 2/4 0 < 1 m 0/0 0/lm 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/0 HR ZG 0/2 1/3 4/4 VI 0/2 0/1 1/1 2/2 1/2 0/0 0/2 1/1 0/1 1/1 0/0 HR AXIS 0/2 1/1 2/1 0/1 0/lm 0/2 0/0 0/1 0/1m 0/lm 0/lm 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 EN Rl 0

tonnes 0/1 1/2 0/1 0/lm 0/1 0/0 0/1 0/lm 0/lm 0/im 0/1 0/0 0/0 0/0 HR ST m 1/2 2/2 0/lm m/m 0/M 0/0 1/0 0/lm (>/lm o/lm 0/1 0/0 0/0 0/0 Legend

M and tool * may be replaced by models for modelling IM TRP boma would be carried out by meijoat myrria since it is not in favour of the results of the model into these components * k. 6/4 * Rart * on the number of mandatory stations in an individual gap (6 red) compared to the number of current cut stations in 2 on;

4. the Black I, Ucoftko number of mandatory stations marked with black paint, mean that compliance conditions are met) 1 ‘Ptig V Oretive 2060/50’ TI. FU of the further tsftu Pnlog V

https://emep.haop.hr/


26

The mitigation of climate change is achieved by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the

implementation of the Republic of Croatia’s low-carbon development strategy, planning

documents, the gradual limitation of allowances to operators trading in emission units,

measures in all sectors of emissions sources, using the Kyoto Protocol flexibility mechanisms

and other actions contributing to climate change mitigation (Article 74Air Protection

Act).Adaptation to climate change shall be done by implementing adaptation measures in

sectors exposed to the impact of climate change. The objectives and priorities for implementing

climate change adaptation measures are proposed by the Draft Climate Change Adaptation

Strategy with an Action Plan.

Within the framework of climate change policy, they have been developed:

- Draft low-carbon development strategy for Croatia, preparing for a period up to 2030,

with a view to 2050, the White Paper, May 2017.(MZOIP),

- Draft Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Republic of Croatia until 2040,

with an outlook to 2070, the White Paper, September 2017.(MZOIP).

For these draft strategies, a public consultation was carried out including a strategic

environmental assessment and an ecological network.

The objectives proposed in the draft Low Carbon Development Strategy are as follows:

- achieving sustainable knowledge based development and a competitive low-carbon and

resource-efficient economy. Boosting employment in the growing economic sectors and

the “green” economy, fostering regional and rural development, fostering innovation

and technological development, boosting education, lifelong learning and specialisation

in low-carbon economy, contributing to social inclusion;

- increasing the security of energy supply, sustainability of energy supply, increasing

energy availability and reducing energy dependence;

- solidarity, through Croatia’s obligations under international agreements under EU

policy, as part of our historical responsibility and contributing to the global goals;

- reduction of air pollution and impact on health.

The objectives proposed in the Blueprint of the Adaptation Strategy are as follows:

- reducing the vulnerability of social and natural systems to the adverse impacts of

climate change or enhancing their resilience and recovery capacity from these impacts

(long-term objective);

- bring together all relevant institutional, political, economic and social stakeholders with

the aim of creating enough strong support for the implementation of joint actions on the

realisation of adaptation measures;

- the integration of the adaptation process, including the implementation of measures, in

existing and new policies, programmes, plans and other activities carried out at all

management levels;

- to raise awareness of the importance of climate change and the indispensable launch of

adaptation processes in all social segments, both of which are the main beneficiaries of

the positive effects of the adaptation process.

The Plan for protecting the air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in Croatia for the

period 2013-2017 set out the general objective of national policy on climate change: C4Reduce

and limit greenhouse gas emissions and substances that deplete the ozone layer, and to maintain

excellent greenhouse gas emissions.

The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 130/09) sets targets for renewable energy sources and

energy efficiency. The operational implementation of the targets shall be established through

the action plans for the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency reported by the

European Commission.

The indicative target for limiting the total energy consumption in the Republic of Croatia is

11,15 Mtoe, 7,0 Mtoe for direct energy consumption. For 2030, at EU level a reduction of

emissions by at least 40 % compared to 1990 is at EU level. This will be done by reducing the

emissions in the ETS by 43 % compared to 2005 and in the non-ETS sectors by 30 % compared

to 2005. For the Republic of Croatia, the reduction in emissions in the ESD sectors is -7 %

compared to 2005.


27

Relevant policy

objectives in other

areas including

agriculture, industry

and transport (M):

Relevant agricultural policy objectives

Croatia’s rural development programme for the period from 20142020 is the basic document

for implementing the rural development policy and contains all rural development support

programmes and measures and defines the relevant agricultural policy objectives. Another valid

document aligned with national objectives is the EU’s National Action Plan on Achieving

Sustainable Use of Pesticides in 2013.— 2023

The rural development programme defines 18 measures with the aim of increasing the

competitiveness of Croatia’s agriculture and improving living and working conditions in rural

areas. The measures were further divided into sub-measures and sub-measures targeting operations

aimed at achieving well-defined objectives.

The overriding general objectives of operations of the Rural Development Programme are relevant

to the question of air pollution control and indirect impact on the reduction of pollutant emissions

generated by agricultural practices can be summarised as follows: • Consultancy and vocational training for cross-compliance, package of measures agriculture,

environment and climate change, organic farming. • Restructuring, modernising and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural holdings through the

focus on investment in organic primary agriculture and the processing of agricultural products

(e.g. investment in the purchase of new agricultural machinery and equipment and commercial

vehicles, investment in the construction and/or fitting-out of animal facilities, closed/protected

spaces, annual and perennial buildings, seed and planting stock, storage and packaging of

products. • Disposal, handling and use of manure in order to minimise the harmful impact on the environment

(e.g. by constructing storage capacity for manure and digestate including equipment for handling

and use of manure and digestate, and investments to improve the efficiency of the use of fertilisers

(machinery and equipment for loading, transporting and applying fertilisers). • Use of renewable energy sources (investments in building construction and/or equipment,

installations for the reception, processing and storage of raw materials, for the treatment,

processing, storage, transport and administration of organic fertilisation features. • Non-productive investments related to the conservation of the environment (e.g. control of soil

erosion (investment in the construction of terraces, increase of rubble walls and hedges), the

construction of new and renovation of existing livestock housing, investment in the construction

and/or fitting-out of new irrigation houses on the farm, and the improvement of existing

agricultural irrigation systems/equipment, and payments linked to agriculture, the environment and

climate change (e.g. tillage and drilling on the slope of a perennial field, crop rotation, the

establishment of field lanes). • Encouraging organic farming through payments for maintaining organic farming practices

and methods. • Support for pilot projects and for the development of new products, processes, processes and

technologies.

The programme singled out activities which, through its application, also have emissions into the

air: • Quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs • Investments in physical assets • Restoring agricultural production potential damaged by natural disasters and catastrophic events

and introduction of appropriate prevention actions • Farm and business development • Basic services and village renewal in rural areas • Investments in forest area development and improvement of viability of forests • Setting up of producer groups and organisations • Agri-environment climate • Organic farming • Payments to areas facing natural or other specific constraints • Cooperation • Risk management • Support for local development under the Leader initiative (CLLD — community-led local

development)


28

Relevant industrial policy objectives

The relevant industrial policy objectives were integrated in the Industrial Strategy of the

Republic of Croatia for the period starting in 2014.— 2020The industrial strategy is any form of

intervention or state policy aimed at improving the business environment, i.e. a change in the

structure of economic activity towards sectors, technologies or tasks, which are expected to

contribute to economic growth or social well-being, but what would be the case if the

intervention would be left out. The strategy has singled out general and other objectives which,

through its application, would have an impact on emissions to air.

General objectives:

• Increase the share of skilled labour in total industrial employment in order to increase

domestic industry productivity

• Increase investment in research and development which is widely recognised so as to

contribute to innovation;

• Increase fixed capital formation to monitor new recruitments and increase capital

equipment and depreciation on existing investments

Other objectives:

• Average annual growth of 2.85 % in the volume of industrial production;

• An additional 85.619 newly recruited employees by the end of 2020, of which at least 30 %

with higher education;

• A 68.9 % labour productivity growth over the period 2014.— 2020

• Increase of exports in the period 2014— 2020 for 30 % and change in the structure of

exports in favour of exports of high value added products

In the Industrial Strategy, the general and other objectives have not directly been set by

environmental targets. The lack of environmental objectives is due to the unavailability of the

environmental management strategy, although it is considered that they will have an impact on

the development of the industry. Indirectly, it is stated that industrial policy departs from the

importance of interactivity between a modern high-tech industry and a growing service sector,

industry and the environment. The legislation developed by Western countries requires industry

to meet high environmental and human health standards in production processes. Such legal

regulation in developed countries imposed additional pressure on industry’s profitability.

Relevant transport policy objectives

The relevant transport policy objectives were presented in the Transport Strategy of the Republic

of Croatia (2017).— 2030).The development of transport infrastructure in Croatia is considered

extremely important for economic and social growth and for international connectivity.

Transport infrastructure is a regional development instrument driven by the exchange of goods

and better accessibility to all economic, health, tourism and other content. When drawing up the

general and specific objectives, the Strategy took account of the already published European

strategies and environmental and climate protection requirements.

The general objectives which, through its implementation, will have a direct and indirect impact

on the air’s emissions and quality are:

• Change the distribution of passenger traffic in favour of public transport (JP) and the forms

of zero emission transport.

• Change the distribution of freight traffic in support of rail and maritime transport and inland

waterway transport.

• Develop the transport system (management, organisation and development of infrastructure

and maintenance) in accordance with the principle of economic viability

• Reducing the impact of the transport system on climate change

• Reducing the impact of the transport system on the environment (environmental

sustainability);

• Improve the safety of the transport system;

• Improve the interoperability of transport systems (rail, rail, road, sea, air and inland

waterway transport);

• Improve the integration of transport modes in Croatia (governance, ITS, VTMIS, P & R,

etc.)

• Further develop the Croatian part of the TEN-T network (basic and comprehensive).

In addition to the general objectives, specific objectives are defined for specific transport sectors:


29

____________________________________________________________________________

• Better agreeing traffic management with neighbouring countries (BiH — Ploče, road and rail

links with BiH, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Montenegro and Hungary)

• To complement, where relevant, in some parts of Croatia, the development of the tourism

sector as a major economic factor through adequate development of transport, in particular in

support of the CAP and green mobility;

• Improve the availability of remote parts of Croatia (e.g. islands, South Dalmatia,...)

• Develop the potential of the main logistic centres (Port of Rijeka, Port of Split, Ploče port,

Vukovar ports, Osijek ports, Slavonski Brod, node of Zagreb)

• Reinforce the position of Croatia as a logistical hub for the wider region, with particular focus

on Zagreb

• Improve the integration of the transport sector into socio-economic developments in the

region (the concept of functional regions, FR)

• Urban, suburban and regional transport

- Develop the potential of public transport (regional and state) in road transport where other

forms of public transport are not cost-effective

- Increase the competitiveness of the tram system in Zagreb and Osijek

- Integrate the international/national transport system better into local and regional transport

systems (passenger hubs, integrated charging systems, etc.)

- Increase efficiency and reduce the economic impact from governance and public transport

organisation

- Increase the attractiveness of public transport by improving the concepts of governance and

modernisation of the vehicle fleet;

- Traffic management and logistics

- Map/update local/regional master plans (Masters plans)

• Rail transport

- Improve rail freight corridors in the Port of Rijeka to the markets with the highest potential

for the port (Hungary, BiH, Slovakia, Italy, Poland, Serbia)

- Make better use of the Croatian rail system in larger Croatian agglomerations (Zagreb,

Rijeka, Split, Varaždin, Osijek), and within and between functional regions (subregions)

- Improve the level of the railway fleet service and its environmental impact

- To better integrate the rail system into local traffic systems (safety and safety on stations,

connections with other modes of transport, etc.)

- Increase safety at level crossings

- Increase efficiency of the Croatian rail system (traffic management, business, etc.)

- Ensure infrastructure maintenance taking into account aspects of economy.

• Road transport

- Improve road safety

- Better use of the Croatian road system in the context of public transport (buses, local,

regional and national)

- Reduce the environmental impact of the oldest shares of the Croatian network of

motorways

- Optimise and coordinate the different road toll systems in Croatia

- To improve technical requirements in road design with a focus on more cost-effective

technical solutions, safety standards, green mobility and integration of zero-emission

modes of transport

- To increase the road accessibility of areas where the existing infrastructure has reached a

cap of permeability, and alternative modes of transport (public and rail) are not

economically justified (tourist centres in Adriatic Croatia), including the introduction of a

sustainable transport concept in favour of public transport and forms of zero emission

transport.

- Increase links with neighbouring countries to lift cooperation and territorial integration at a

higher level

- Increase the accessibility of the area in Croatia where there is no alternative road

infrastructure (parallel motorways, etc.) to reach the ceiling — from the Zagreb in the

direction of Bjelovar and from Varaždin to the direction of Koprivnica and Krapina.

- Reduce congestion in highly loaded agglomerations by taking into account

specific rules applicable to the protection of national heritage. _____________________

• Aviation

- Support the development of ‘Franjo Tuđman’ airport in order to preserve the availability

of the capital of Croatia from abroad

- To improve the operation and reliability of the work of the Dubrovnik airport in order to


30

preserve the availability of South Dalmatia

- Improve the accessibility of airports, in particular public transport;

- Improve the standard of safety in airports and aviation

- Bring into line with entry requirements in the Schengen Area where it is applicable;

• Maritime transport

- Boost the development and competitiveness of the Port of Rijeka port as a main Croatian

port

- Reduce the environmental impact of maritime transport (fleet development,

environmental protection and measures to prevent and combat pollution from maritime

structures);

- Increase the distribution of freight transport in the overseas Adriatic and coastal routes

for the benefit of maritime transport;

- Increase the reliability of maritime transport (public transport and supply chains) in

aggravating weather conditions;

- Improving the efficiency and economy of the maritime transport system

- Improve the safety of maritime transport

- Improve the integration of ports into the local transport (passenger and freight) system;

The strategy stipulates that all infrastructure projects, resulting from measures, should be

planned taking into account the potential climate phenomena of the action.

Relevant targets of waste policy

The primary objectives of waste management of the Republic of Croatia stem from the

assessment of the state of waste management and the obligations stemming from EU legislation

and regulation, which have been transposed into national legislation.

The implementation and establishment of an integrated waste management system in Croatia

was made possible using and meeting the targets defined in the Sustainable Waste Management

Act (NN Nos 94/13 and 73/17) and the Waste management plan of the Republic of Croatia for

2017.— 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 3/17).

The Law on Sustainable Waste Management is the main law governing waste management in

Croatia. There are a series of regulations that have been adopted in accordance with the Law,

some of them regulate certain waste management activities and some regulate the management

of specific waste categories.

Based on an assessment of the existing waste management situation and obligations that Croatia

has to achieve according to the EU and national legislation, the Waste management plan defines

the objectives to be achieved by 2022, as compared to 2015:

1. Improve municipal waste management system

- Reduce the total amount of municipal waste generated by 5 %;

- Separately collect 60 % of the weight of municipal waste generated (primarily paper,

glass, plastics, metals, bio-waste, etc.);

- Separately collect 40 % of the mass of bio-waste produced which is an integral part of

municipal waste;

- Disposed of less than 25 % of the weight of municipal waste generated

2. Improve the management system for specific waste categories

- Collected separately for 75 % of the mass of construction waste generated

- Set up a waste sludge management system from sewage treatment plants

- Improve the system for packaging waste management

- Set up a marine litter management system

- To set up a waste ship management system, oths and streams of sinking material on the

seabed;

- Improve the management system for other specific categories of waste

3. Improve hazardous waste management system

4. Remediation of contaminated sites

5. Carry out training activities continuously,

6. Improve information systems for waste management

7. Improve the control of waste management;

8. Improve administrative procedures for waste management __________________________


31

The 2018 Waste Package (“Waste Package” introduces changes to EU waste legislation through

the introduction of more ambitious targets for Member States, in order to promote the transition

towards a circular economy.

The amendments to the Directives included in the Waste Package aim to level the level

of best practices across the Member States and to stimulate the necessary investments in waste

management and to facilitate the circular economy from production to consumption, repair and

remanufacturing, waste management and beneficial raw materials returns. As the circular economy

stimulates the use of production processes that consume less materials and energy, utilise waste

resources without waste and include full recycling at end-of-life, this indirectly affects emissions

and air quality — a sustainable, competitive low greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions

economy is being developed, contributing to the reduction of environmental degradation and

resource consumption and of the destruction of biodiversity.

New EU rules entered into force on 4 July 2018 with legally binding targets for recycling

waste and reducing landfilling with fixed deadlines for Member States to make adaptation of

national legislation for the transition to a circular economy over the next two years. Croatia is

obliged to transpose the Waste Directive into its legislation by 5 July 2020.

Some other national

policy objectives and

priorities relevant to

NPCP: Programme of the Government of the Republic of Croatia until 2020

As an important current document, which sets out its development policy by 2020, the Croatian

Government’s programme for mandate 2016 can be highlighted.— 2020 • The fundamental objectives are:

on achieving stable and lasting economic growth; on the creation of new and quality jobs;

the stopping point and the demographic renewal; on social fairness and solidarity. • In the fields of Ecology, Sustainable Development and the Environment, the following

specific objectives are highlighted: on the protection of Croatian natural resources; on the integrated water management and the protection of national water resources; to

adapt to climatic conditions; on effective waste management. • In the field of energy, energy development strategies are in the process of design, with specific

objectives being: on improving the security of oil supply in Croatia and the EU; on improving security of gas

supply in Croatia and the EU. • In the area of demographic development, population policies and the revitalisation of

Europe, the objectives are as follows: on the promotion of an increase in the birth rate, while ensuring a minimum and increasing

standard of living; on the housing suffered by the family and the infant’s infancy.

National development strategy

• The Law on the Strategic Planning and Management System of Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN;

official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 123/17) was adopted in 2017. This Act governs the

country’s strategic planning system and management of public policies or the preparation,

elaboration, implementation, reporting, monitoring of implementation and impact, and validation

of strategic planning documents for the design and implementation of public policies, which are

drawn up, adopted and implemented by public authorities in accordance with their respective

competences. National development strategy is the hierarchy of the highest document. They are

followed by multi-sectoral and sectorial strategies, followed by plans. • Croatia’s strategic development is currently based on a number of sectoral and sectoral strategies,

plans and programmes, and the first Croatian National Development Strategy is being drawn up

until 2030. The plan is to adopt it by 2020.

Energy strategy


32

• The current Energy Strategy for Croatia (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the

Republic of Croatia) No 130/09) has set three basic energy objectives:

security of energy supply; on the

competitiveness of the energy

system;sustainability of energy

development.

• Given the changes in a number of internal and external factors since the adoption of the

Strategy in 2009, the need to develop a new strategy was identified. The new Strategy

is being developed and is expected to be adopted in 2019.

Environmental plan

• The Environment Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2016-2023 is being

drawn up. The plan has not yet been adopted and the draft plan (MZOIP 2016)

identified the following priorities:

• The protection, preservation and enhancement of the value of natural resources and the

environment;

• IIPromotion of sustainable production and consumption;

• III.Protecting citizens from environment-related pressures and risks to health and well-

being;

• IVStrengthening the institutional and legislative framework;

• Improving links between knowledge, information management systems and environmental

policies;

• VIDevelopment of economic instruments and financing;

• VIITo improve the sustainability of cities;

• VIIIPromoting sustainable development at European and international level, following

the Sustainable Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (NN No 30/09).

2.2.1. COHERENCE OF INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS

Air pollution control programme pursuant to Article 19(2)NEC Regulation must be coherent with other

relevant plans and programmes established following requirements set out in Croatian legislation or EU

legislation. As national emission inventories and emission projections are a database, i.e. the sources of data

developing plans and programmes, they are necessary to ensure that they are coherent, i.e. that pollutant

emissions and greenhouse gas emission inventory are coherent and with projections, and that projections of

pollutants are coherent with the projections of greenhouse gases. The coherence of this type is ensured by the

following:

• equivalent data sources and data on activity data (e.g. use of the same energy models, information on

agricultural productivity, population movements, GDP, number of households, etc.), and

• the homogeneous assumptions were made in the PAM already adopted and consistent across all policy

areas.

In addition, coherence shall be ensured by implementing the reporting on inventory of pollutant emissions,

projections and on ambient air in accordance with established templates, formats and guidelines in order to

maximise consistency in reporting between Member States. The air pollution control programme should be

consistent with reporting to other obligations, including:

• inventory of pollutant emissions and projections reported annually by Member States per 4 years of

UNECE according to CLRTAP, • annual notification to the Commission by E-PRTR;

• reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and projections (dvo) annually to the Commission and the

UNFCCC under the Kyoto Protocol and the RDN;

• information air on ambient air quality spreading over eReporting in accordance with the IPR

Implementing Decision.

Coherence of data sources and data on activities in inventories and projections

Data on the activities needed to calculate the pollutant emissions are collected from the Information System of

the Republic of Croatia, official annual publications, and databases of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and

relevant ministries and institutions. For certain sub-sectors and categories of source, more detailed


33

information is sought on activities and those available in official publications (e.g. energy balance, split of

road vehicles by category, etc.).For pollutant and inventory emissions inventories are mainly the same sets of

data sets. This shall be checked during the annual detailed inventory surveys carried out according to NEC of

the Directive and a reconciliation is carried out for the following annual submission. The first such detailed

technical inspection pursuant to NEC of the Directive was carried out in 2017 for emission inventories with

the last historical year (2015).Earlier adjustments were carried out according to the report of the 3 rd phase of

the CC coordinated examination of the Centre for Emissions Centres, the Centres for Emission inventories

and projections (‘ERA’), which acts as the audit secretariat in accordance with the UN/ECE LRDA

Convention and the EU NEC Directive. The Republic of Croatia has undergone two such centralised

inspections in 2011 and 2014.

Projections, which form an integral part of this Programme, have been made on the basis of

EMEP/EEA guidelines under the LRTAP Convention, and according to the latest available annual

inventory for 2016. The emissions and activity data were derived from the latest historical inventory

submission to the European Commission and to the February 2018 Secretariat of the LRTAP

Convention. This meets the condition that the estimates should be consistent with the last notified

inventory.

The development of the projections has taken on three main steps:

• First step: determination of the key emission sources of each pollutant and the shares of the

respective pollutant in the total emission of the pollutant,

• Second step: inclusion of activity data from available development plans;

• Third step: where no development plans were available, a presumption of future activity data was

taken. This has been developed over observed pollutants and critical sectors.

The methodology used for emission projections is identical to the emissions budget methodology. The

emission result from the product information product of the activity (e.g. fuel consumption, production

statistics, number of animals, waste treated, etc.) and the related emission factor.

In order to enable integrated modelling involving the possibility to assess at a simultaneous stage the

important impact of low-carbon development scenarios of the Republic of Croatia and of the pollutant

emission reduction measures, a number of simulation and optimisation models have been applied and an

integral model called NSPCRO (Low Carbon Strategic Planning of Croatia) has been developed. As a basis

for the creation of an integrated model the NUSPCRO used a software tool of the LEAP tool, an integrated

modelling tool used to analyse energy policy and an assessment of climate change mitigation measures,

energy consumption modelling, energy transformation and resource extraction. It has also been used for

accounting for energy and non-energy emissions in all sectors of the economy.

The scenarios shall be developed on the basis of a high number of input data, as well as an impact calculation

methodology. The effects of the economy, PAM, technology and the change in population behaviour are

modelled. Depending on the objectives to be analysed, results in specific scenarios can be an indication of the

need to simulate additional measures in order to achieve emission reduction targets or to test an optimal

combination of emission reduction measures. The additional examinations shall be subjected to sensitivity to

the changes in the parameters.

Result, greenhouse projections (GHG) projections, pollutant emissions projections, costs, externalities, and

impact on employment, which can then be evaluated on a monetary basis in order to obtain an integrated cost-

benefit analysis. Consistent relations and the methodologies used provide for consistent comparability of the

scenario as such assessment of the limit effects of the individual PAM.

The MIP is a model other than the need to draw up the projections of this Programme (or to be used) when

preparing the following documents:

- A report on the greenhouse gas projections of the Republic of Croatia,

- Implementation report on PAM for reducing emissions and an increase in the Republic of Croatia’s

greenhouse gas emissions;

- Draft low-carbon development strategy of the Republic of Croatia.


34

Coherence of air pollutant emission projections into the air with other obligations

A national inventory is generated on an annual basis and projections for pollutant emissions, even though they

are reported on an annual basis, are drawn up every two years. The compilation of the projections shall take

into account data from the last available inventory which is in this case for the 2016 inventory and thus

calculate fully consistent emissions from the last reported inventory.

The projections are in line with the GHG projections report prepared according to the Regulation on

monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, PAM AM to their reduction in the Republic of Croatia. Activity

data, assumptions and input parameters shall be fully consistent with the last reported greenhouse gas

projections report9.

When comparing the pollutant emission projections with the Republic of Croatia’s greenhouse gas projections

it can be said to be fully coherent. The Republic of Croatia reports on greenhouse gas emissions and

projections in the EU, UNFCCC and pollutant emissions and projections into the EU and CLRTAP.The latest

published report on GHG emission projections in the Republic of Croatia as well as on the Implementation of

PAM was published in March 2017. Those reports have also been used as a basis for the generation of

projections of pollutant emissions. All the data on activities required to produce projections of pollutant

emissions are therefore based on the same baseline and parameters as for the calculation of emissions of

greenhouse gases.

The document’s document to draw up a low-carbon development strategy for Croatia for the period until

2030, with a view to 2050, defined two greenhouse gas projection scenarios, used also to produce projections

of pollutants. It is important to note that the design of scenarios has taken into account the importance of

technologies and measures for reducing pollutant emissions. Chapter 4 describes the scenario for reaching the

targets in detail.

Existing PAM measures to reduce or limit emissions are set out in Chapter 4 and Annex 1 of the Programme.

All the information in chapters 4 and 5 has been taken from the Paper on the Development of the Low Carbon

Strategy for Croatia for the period up to 2030 with a view to 2050, the Green Paper.

Coherence with annual notification to the Commission under the E-PRTR Regulation

Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a

European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, amending Council Directive 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC

(hereinafter the E-PRTR Regulation) entered into force on 18 January10 2006, and is implemented by the

Rules on the Environmental Pollution Register (NN No 87/15) (hereinafter the Ordinance).

Article 5The operators of installations carrying out one or more of the sites listed in Appendix I of the E-

PRTR Regulation, the operators of installations carrying out one or more of the sites listed in Appendix I of

the E-PRTR shall be required to supply information on releases and transfers of pollutants into the air, soil

and sewage if the applicable capacity threshold (s) is exceeded, and the pollutant release and/or transmission

threshold (s) of a table of Appendix II to that Regulation, namely, information about the occurrence of 2

tonnes of hazardous waste, or 2.000 tonnes of non-hazardous waste per year.

The E-PRTR Regulation is a key instrument in fulfilling the requirements of the Aarhus Convention,11 as it

gives the public an opportunity to engage in further developing the register and to prepare amendments.

Obliged entities to provide data in the ROO pursuant to the ROO Regulation shall check whether they are also

the data subject according to the E-PRTR Regulation.

Applicable threshold (s) and threshold (s) for the transfer of pollutants from generation to waste water,

column 1b of the table in Appendix II of the E-PRTR Regulation, or, in the case of waste.

When producing a report of air pollutants to air, emissions reported in the ROO database are used,

9 HAOP, June 2017 10 European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), REGULATION (EC) No 166/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

AND OF THE COUNYL AND OF THE 2Qp6 concerning the establishment of a European pollutant Release and

Transfer of Register and amending Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC 11 Aarhus Convention — Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental

matters, the signatory of Croatia in 1998 and ratification in December 2006

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al28149

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=celex:32006R0166




https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l28140


35

thus ensuring the coherence of the emissions data reported in the E-PRTR and in the pollutant

emission inventories.

Coherence with the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions

The Regulation on monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, PAM to reduce them in the Republic of Croatia

(NN No 5/17) sets out the obligation and procedures for monitoring emissions, which include assessment and

reporting on all anthropogenic emissions and merits. The monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions is laid

down in Article 75. Air Protection Act.

NIR is being prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidance for annual inventories adopted by

the Conference of Parties by COP; Decision 24/CP.19. The methodology described in manuals/guidelines

shall be used for GHG emission budgeting: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories

(IPCC Good Guidance Guidance), prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The institutional set-up for the production of greenhouse gas inventories in Croatia is laid down in Title II of

the Monitoring Regulation for GHG emissions, PAM to reduce them in Croatia, called the National System

for the calculation and reporting of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks. The

institutional set-up for inventory production in Croatia can be considered as decentralised, where external

contractors’ services are used, and where authorisation to perform the individual tasks is shared between

cooperative institutions, including the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MZOIP), and the competent

national authorities responsible for collecting and transmitting data. The inventory is entrusted to the

authorised person, chosen by the procurement procedure, for a period of three years. Once the Inventar panel

has been constructed and has been approved by the members of the Inter-service Coordination Committee of

the national system, it is published on the website of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change and

on the Ministry’s website. In addition to the INSPIRE, statistics on greenhouse gas emissions shall be

reported by the Bureau of the Statistical Yearbook and the European Commission as part of the calculation of

air emissions. In all the above publications, Inventar is the reporting medium and therefore the emissions of

publications are fully aligned with the inventory.

The technical expert audit team (TERT) of the European Commission will carry out an annual review of the

data from the national Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions that are relevant for monitoring the reduction

or limitation of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Articles 3 and 7. ESD.The State is further required to

make a brief assessment of whether estimates of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO 2),

nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in inventories provided by the Member State under

Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and the UNECE Convention on Long-

Range Transboundary Air Pollution are in line with corresponding emission estimates in the Regulation

525/2013.

Where there are certain findings, the technical expert review team may audit the information

submitted pursuant to Article 7. Of Regulation (EC) No 525/2013. This ensures coherence with the

inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.

Coherence with GHG projections

The report on greenhouse gas emission projections shall form an integral part of the national system for

monitoring implementation of PAM to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and projections of greenhouse gas

emissions related to the fulfilment of commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change. Croatia is also required to report to the European Commission on its monitoring of the

implementation of these PAM and projections, on the basis of the rules applicable to EU Member States. The

legal basis for drawing up the Report in national law is set out in Article 75(3).Air Protection Act.

Regulation 525/2013, as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 are valid rules of

the EU that lay down the obligations and modalities of reporting by Member States.

The content of the Report is required under Article 14. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No

749/2014. A report on greenhouse gas projections by sources and their sink of greenhouse gas projections for

the year 2017 and shall contain:


36

• the projection of “no measures”, “with measures” and “with additional measures”, by gas and by

sector;

• ETS and non-ETS sector projections;

• description of the PAM studied in the projection,

• a description of the projection methodology, models, assumptions and inputs,

• an analysis of sensitivity projections against the input data.

The method and conditions for implementing the rules governing the monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions

are laid down in the Implementing Regulation defining in a further detail the scope of the report. In Annex

XIIThe implementing Regulation sets out the parameters on the projections that must be included in the

Report.

The current projections report currently in force in 2017 includes projections by sources and their removal of

the figures for 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035.

For the 2017 report on GHG emission projections, the following data sources for the parameters used were

used:

The projections are prepared in accordance with the greenhouse gas projections report prepared

pursuant to the Regulation on the monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, PAM AM to their reduction

in the Republic of Croatia. The activity data, assumptions and inputs are in full consistency with the

CRF SECTOR

DATA TYPE SOURCE OF DATA

Generic engine parameters

GDP — annual growth rate Population Prices of coal Price of heavy fuel oil Price of gas

European Commission recommendations

Energy Fuel consumption Production of electricity Imports of electricity Final (end-use) energy consumption

National Renewable Energy Action Plan Croatian National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for

2014— 2016 Turnover Number of passenger-kilometres

Cargo Energy consumption in road transport

Statistical summer licence of Croatia

Industry Production growth index Sectoral studies (cement production and nitric acid

production)

CRF SECTOR DATA TYPE SOURCE OF DATA

Use of solvents

Report on air pollutant emissions inventory in the

Republic of Croatia under the Convention on Long-

Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) Agriculture Number and type of livestock Expert evaluation — Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb

and Ministry of Agriculture Plant production Statistical summer licence of Croatia

Agricultural production, Statistical Reports by

FAOSTAT databases LULUCF Land area of each subcategory NIR2014

Assumed emission factors per store

CFR2014

Waste

Municipal waste generated amount of municipal

waste landfilled Organic fraction of municipal waste

Waste management strategy Waste management plan in Croatia Sustainable Waste Management Act


37

last GHG projections report12, which ensures coherence with the greenhouse gas projections.

Coherence with the information on air quality to be exchanged via eReporting in compatible with IPR Implementing Decision

On 12 December 2011, the European Commission adopted Implementing Decision 2011/850/EU laying down

rules for the implementation of Directive 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of

the Council (hereinafter: Implementing Decision IPR) of the EU Member States’ reporting obligations on air

quality assessment and management and the reciprocal exchange of network and station information and air

quality measurements (into force on 1 January 2014).

It provides for a new reporting mechanism (e-reporting), more up-to-date and more modern than the reporting

methods to date. All required information must be prepared and delivered in a standardised machine readable

format (XML format) and aligned with the requirements of Directive 2007/2/EC establishing an Infrastructure

for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE).The information is provided on EIONET

Central Data Repository (CDR), which was also accessible via the AQ Portal established by the EC and

maintained and managed by the EEA.All news, guidelines and instructions related to e-reporting are included

in the portal.

The Ordinance on the mutual information exchange and reporting of air quality and the obligations

implementing Commission Decision 2011/850/EU (NN No 3/16) lay down the tasks of the Ministry and other

bodies with regard to the manner, timing, content and format of the data and the mode of data collection for

the reciprocal exchange of information and for the reporting of assessment and management of air quality.

To meet the objectives for electronic reporting, all the air quality data needed for the exchange should be

gathered and properly serviced. To this end, the HAOP developed in 2014 and established a ‘Air Quality in

the Republic of Croatia’ portal. The portal is available at:Http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html and contains all

the information on concentrations of air pollutants measured within the territory of the Republic of Croatia as

a whole. The system makes it possible to provide air quality information in the standardised data exchange

format to the European Data Repository.

Commission and European Environment Agency, as required by the CAFE and the INSPIRE Directive, and

for the first time in 2014, air quality (B-G) data was submitted to the EC repository. The portal shall fully

meet the set criteria and allow for full delivery of all air quality data in the EC.

For the exchange of information and for reporting on the assessment and management of air quality, the

concentrations of contaminants obtained from measurements at the measuring points set out in Articles 4 to 6

shall be used. A Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of certain air

pollutants and location of measuring stations in the national air quality monitoring network (NN No 65/16).In

addition to the concentrations of pollutants given measurements at fixed measurement points, data obtained

from indicative measurements, modelling and objective estimation techniques may be used. The Member

State shall provide all requested information in the reporting year of the previous year.

For all given exceedances of the GV values (G data), information on Action plans to improve air quality must

also be provided in the EC, whereas only measures are to be submitted for exceedances of the target CV.

The air pollution control programme has taken over the information available from the “Air Quality in

the Republic of Croatia” portal ( http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.htm n, in line with the information

reported annually to the Commission pursuant to the IPR Implementing Decision.

2.2.2. COHERENCE WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES

The Republic of Croatia provides, through the Law on Strategic Planning and Management System of Croatia

(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 123/17), the management of public

policies — the preparation, drafting, implementation of public policies that are drawn up, adopted and

implemented by public authorities in accordance with their respective competences. Medium-term acts of

12 HAOP, June 2017

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html



38

strategic planning are the National Development Strategy, the multi-sectoral and sectorial strategies.

The indicative deadlines for the adoption of some national acts presenting the umbrella documents of the

strategic planning documents of the State and relevant for the adoption and implementation of this

Programme shall be:

- A national development strategy (by the end of 2020)

- An integral energy climate plan (by the end of 2019)

- The low carbon strategy of the Republic of Croatia (until 2020)

- Energy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (until mid-2019)

- Environmental plan (2019)

Local communities have an obligation to adopt their own programmes to protect the air of which they are an

integral part of air protection programmes. Local plans also integrate adaptation concerns.

Each national plan and programme is committed to a strategic environmental assessment of the environmental

network and its assessment of the impact on the ecological network, as well as an assessment of compliance

with overarching and sectoral strategies.

Coherence with the action plans for the improvement of air quality

The provisions of Article 46(1) and (2)The air protection law (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the

Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14 and 61/17) provides that, where levels of air pollutants exceed any

limit or target, in each of these cases, the representative body of the local self-government unit (hereinafter

JLS), namely the City of Zagreb, shall adopt an action plan to improve the air quality for that zone or

agglomeration in order to ensure that the limit or target values are met as soon as possible. The representative

body of JLS or the City of Zagreb adopts an action plan for its administrative area. Action plan for

improvement


39

air quality may additionally cover specific measures aimed at the protection of vulnerable groups of the

population, including children.

The duty of the Republic of Croatia is to provide information on action plans for improving air quality in

zones and agglomerates where the establishment has exceeded the limits and targets to the European

Environment Agency/European Commission (EEA/EC).

Within this programme, an analysis of the air quality action plans submitted in the EEA/EC was carried out

using information on the implementation of the action plans to improve the air quality available on the

Republic of Croatia air quality (link:Http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/).Additionally, local authorities have been asked

to analyse the status of implementation of the Action Plans (and possibly planned) follow-up actions from all

the action plans to improve the air quality reported in e-Reporting, the local communities’ comments on the

implementation status of the Action Plans (and possibly planned).

Overview of action plans as reported in the e-Reporting System (item H) is given in Table 2-1, and an

overview of action plans provided in the reports in the e-Reporting System (paragraph K) of Table 2-2.

Table 2-1: Overview of action plans as reported in the e-Reporting System (item H)

Action plan title Zone City (JLS)

Pollutants substances

covered the Plan

Measuring

stations for

conformity

assessment

Date adoption

Period covered

the Plan

Air quality improvement

action plan for Slavonski

Brod EN 2

Vessel

Slavonski

Brod PM 2.5

Slavonski Brod Brod-1

04.07.2016 2016-2020

Action plan for the reduction

of PM 10 emissions from the

Gone Kutina EN 2 Kutina PM 10 Kutina-1 17.12.2015 2015-2020

Action plan on particulate

pollution (PM 10) for the City

of Osijek

HR AXIS Osijek PM 10 PO 1 01.01.2014 2014-2020

Action Plan for improving

air quality in the City of

Zagreb * HR ZG Zagreb

PM 10 BaP (PM 10) NO 2, PM 2.5 O3

Zagreb 1, Zagreb 3

27.03.2015 I. stage:2015-2017 II. stage: 2018..

2020 to 2023

Action plan to reduce the PM

10 concentration of the City

of Sisak

EN 2 Sisak PM 10 Sisak-1 01.01.2014 2014-2017

Note: The Action Plan for the City of Zagreb was created on the basis of exceeding the limit values in two stations of the

state network and six stations of the local area network.

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/


40

Table 2-2: Overview of actions in the action plans under the reports in the e-Reporting System (paragraph K); Aglonme raids

‘Oluč’ substan

ce

Reporting Year Status of the action Efficiency of the measure 2015 2016 2017

HR ZG,

Zagreb PM 10

- Turnover - Reduction in emissions of

particulate matter from households

through energy efficiency

measures - Particulate reduction measures

for households using solid and

liquid fuels by shifting to

natural gas or to a central heat

system - General population education on

reduction of emissions of

particulate matter and energy

efficiency using wood based

furnaces - Measures to monitor air quality

- Measures concerning the

Sustainable Development

Action Plan of the City of

Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)


particulate matter from

households through energy

efficiency measures - Particulate reduction measures for

households using solid and

liquid fuels by shifting to natural

gas or to a central heat system - General population education on




furnaces - Measures to monitor air quality - Measures concerning the

Sustainable Development Action

Plan of the City of Zagreb

(SEAP, 2010)

- Reduction in emissions of



efficiency measures - Particulate reduction measures

for households using solid and

liquid fuels by shifting to

natural gas or to a central heat

system - General population education

on reduction of emissions of



furnaces - Measures concerning the

Sustainable Development

Action Plan of the City of

Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)

The measures shall be

implemented in

accordance with a forward

plan provided for in the

action plan.

The City of Zagreb

produces annual reports

containing a description of

the implementation of

each of the actions.

Implementation dynamics

shall determine the

available financial means

and models of their

utilisation.

The effectiveness of the measure cannot

be assessed without extensive studies.

The achievement of a plot for particles

is subject to the implementation of

energy efficiency measures directed at

the heat protection of the buildings and

the small scale of home boilers. Since

most of the measures concern the

household sector, it is intended to be

implemented over a long period of time

to allow their effectiveness to be

assessed by improving the air quality

(e.g. a lower number of exceedances of

daily PM 10 daily concentrations in

the heating season).

Educational measures as well as

measures that impact human lifestyle

(e.g. cycling) should be continuously

carried out for years to impact.

Annual meteorological variability has a

significant effect on the level of both

local and underlying concentrations,

both in terms of emissions (colder and

colder winter, higher heating emissions)

and on the transport of contamination

and the local dispersion conditions

(persistent periods of stagnation leading

to the accumulation of local pollution).


41

Aglonme raids

‘Oluč’ substan

ce


HR ZG,

Zagreb BaP




efficiency measures - Particulate reduction measures for

households using solid and

liquid fuels by shifting to natural

gas or to a central heat system - General population education on




furnaces - Measures to monitor air quality - Measures concerning the

Sustainable Development Action

Plan of the City of Zagreb

(SEAP, 2010)


implemented in



action plan.

The City of Zagreb



the implementation of each

of the actions. See observations for PM 10

HR ZG,

Zagreb NO 2

- Introduction of small road

transport emissions zones (so-

called En-Zones) and extension

of pedestrian zones in the town

centre - Improving the regulation of road

transport to decongest the town

of Donji City, Tris, Trešvka —

North, New Zagreb — West

and New Zagreb East - Improving urban public

transport, with a focus on

strengthening the role of urban

rail transport


implemented in



action plan.

The City of Zagreb



the implementation of each

of the actions.

The effectiveness of the measure cannot

be assessed without extensive studies

that may include further measurements

and modelling.


42

Aglonme raids

‘Oluč’ substan

ce


- Reduction of urban urban public

transport emissions by

pollution to a more heavily

laden city area - Procurement of vehicles in

public urban transport and

owned by urban companies

(ZET, Purity, Zagreb Roads)

applying the principles of

green procurement and

technical improvements to

existing vehicles - Promoting eco-driving - Expansion and improvement of

cycling infrastructure - Public education about road

traffic impacts on air quality

and promote transport modes

least harmful to the

environment - Public urban transport support

in the town centre - Establishing and promoting

alternative modes of transport

for “zero emission” vehicles - Measures to reduce emissions of

pollutants from transport under

the Programme for Protection

and Improvement of Air

Quality in the City of Zagreb

2009-2012(SGSZ 7/09)


43

Aglonme raids

‘Oluč’ substan

ce


HR OS,

Osijek PM 10

- Measures to improve the

monitoring of air quality - Educating citizens and promoting

the proper use of it, eco-

driving, use and improvement

of public transport - Technical and economic

measures to reduce fugitive

emissions and promote low-

emission technologies

- Measures to improve the

monitoring of air quality - Educating citizens and promoting

the proper use of it, eco-driving,

use and improvement of public

transport - Technical and economic

measures to reduce fugitive

emissions and promote low-

emission technologies

— No data The measure to improve

the monitoring of air

quality was in the

evaluation phase in 2015

while the other two

measures were in

implementation.

In 2016, all actions were in

implementation.

No information.(see comment on PM 10

in HR ZG)

ESA, Rijeka size brass ozone

- Public information and education

(Port of Rijeka) - Proposal for planned projects,

studies and research (Port of

Rijeka) - Measures aimed at reducing road

transport emissions (Town of

Rijeka) - Measures to reduce emissions

from maritime transport (City of

Rijeka)

— No data An action plan was

adopted in 2016 and

measures were in the

planning phase in this

year.

No information.

— —

- Generation of emission cadastre

for emissions for Town of Slavonski Brod

2015 - Promoting the establishment of

an air quality modelling system

for the ‘Slavonski kulen’. Ship and Boda (Bosnia and

Herzegovina) - Application of the recipe model

for assessing the contribution of

sources of air pollution in the

Slavonski Brod area

In 2017 all measures were

in the planning phase. It is not possible to evaluate as these

were in the planning phase.(see

comment on PM 10 in HR ZG)

EN 2 Slavonski

Brod Ship

PM 2.5


44

Aglonme

raids

‘Oluč’

substance

2015 Reporting Year

2016 2017 Status of the

action Efficiency of the

measure ■ Expansion of the

central district heating system

and the gas network in the

Slavonski Brod area with

subsidy of the connection to

households

■ Development of

cycling infrastructure

HR 2

Sisak PM “0”

■ Inter-sector

measures and environmental

protection instruments (Sisak

City)

■ Measures to reduce

emissions of PM10 particulate

matter in the industry sector

(Town of Sisak)


emissions from households

and small and medium

combustion plants (Sisak

City)


emissions from transport

(Sisak City)

■ Inter-sector measures

and environmental protection

instruments (Sisak City)


emissions of PM10 particulate

matter in the industry sector

(Town of Sisak)


emissions from households and

small and medium combustion

plants (Sisak City)


emissions from transport (Sisak

City)

— No data For the years 2015 and

2016, ‘Cross-sector

measures and

environmental protection

instruments (the city of

Sisak)’ were in the

implementation phase,

while for the other

measures there are no

data on their

implementation.

No information.

(see comment on PM 10 in HR ZG)

HR 2

Kutin

a

PM n


emissions from households

■ Preventive measures

to reduce PM10 emissions

■ Emission reduction

measures in the industry

sector


emissions from transport

- Measures to reduce emissions

from households

- Preventive measures to reduce

PM10 emissions

Abatement measures in the

industrial sector

- Measures to reduce emissions

from transport

■ No data In 2015, all measures

were in the planning

phase other than the

‘Preventive measures to

reduce PM10 emissions

‘which was in the

implementation phase.

In 2016, all measures

were in the

implementation phase

No information.

(see comment on PM 10 in HR ZG)


45

Analysis shows that the action plans are coherent with this Programme. The coherence is reflected in

the measures relating to households and transport, namely the following measures: MEN-4, MEN-14,

MEN-21, MTR-2, MTR-6, MTR-8, MTR-10 (for explanations see Annex 1).

Problems with the implementation of actions exist both at the local and national level, and the

implementation is largely influenced by the current economic situation. The Republic of Croatia had a

longstanding fall in GDP between 2008 and 2014. Despite co-financing by the government, households

have to bear a higher burden of investment, which in addition to the current economic situation is not

feasible for a large number of households.

Implementing energy efficiency measures in cities with developed action plans depends to a large

extent on the implementation of the national programme for energy renovation of family houses

(MEN-4).The source of funding provided for measure MEN4 is the Environmental Protection and Energy

Efficiency Fund (hereinafter FZEU).The measure was to be implemented at national level over the period

since 2014.— 2020. in such a way that the FZEU provides a financial structure for the renovation of family

houses.‘By 2015, i.e. before the amendment of the Family House Energy renovation programme, citizens

could supply energy renovation of family houses through local and regional self-government units

(Source:Http: //www.fzoeu.hr/docs/primjeri_dobre_prakse_projekata_energetske_ucinkovitosti_u_hrvatskoj_

2015_year_v1.pdf).Action plans were finally adopted in 2014.— 2016, which means that some have only

been carried out for one year. All action plans have an intended measure to reduce emissions from the

household sector, which are not implemented for a number of reasons:

- The FPS has not provided financial support for the entire forecast period. - the economic situation of the Republic of Croatia.

Transport measures relating to the use of public transport and other modes of transport with zero

emissions require changes in the transport infrastructure of cities, meaning that these actions are first

required by the multi-annual preparation of projects and then their implementation — continuous,

multi-annual work and inter-service/inter-institutional cooperation.

Coherence with air programmes, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation, and climate change adaptation

Article 12(1) provides: Air Protection Act, the representative body of the large city adopts an air protection

programme, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation and adaptation that is an integral part of the

Environmental Protection Programme.

The objectives of the ozone layer of protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation are intended to

define the objectives and measures for preventing and reducing air pollution, protecting the ozone layer,

mitigating climate change and adapting to climate change in the order, timing and obliged entities of the

implementation of the measures, the assessment of the means for its implementation, in the order the

appropriations for its implementation, in the order for the use of the funds according to the priority actions

and activities set out therein, with the primary aim of protecting and continuously improving air quality. The

targets and measures set out therein should be consistent with the objectives and measures of the

environmental programme in relation to the air component. The air protection programmes of the ozone layer,

climate change mitigation and adaptation and environmental programmes must be in line with the Air

Protection Plan, the Ozone Layer and the Mitigation of Climate Change in the Republic of Croatia for the

period 2013-2017. The above-mentioned Plan sets out objectives and priorities for the protection of air, the

ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of Croatia over a five-year period.

The coherence of strategies, plans and programmes with the Environmental Protection Law and the

Air Protection Act will be examined in strategic studies, i.e. studies on significant environmental impact

of the strategy, plan or programme. The SEA procedure is conducted in accordance with the provisions of

the Environmental Protection Act (Article 63) and the Regulation on Strategic Environmental Assessment of

the Strategy, Plan and Programme (NN No 3/17).The process shall assess the likely significant effects on the

environment and human health that may arise from the implementation of the strategy, plan or programme.

http://www.fzoeu.hr/docs/primjeri_dobre_prakse_projekata_energetske_ucinkovitosti_u_hrvatskoj_


46

Yet, there is a little programme for protecting the air, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation and

climate change adaptation which are required to carry out assessment procedures for strategic

assessments, since they rarely lead to measures on their condition.

The analysis has shown that coherence with the Air Protection Programmes, the ozone layer, climate

change mitigation and climate change adaptation is not fully achieved.

Indeed, the quality of these action plans is currently lagging behind the quality of national plans. The

main shortcoming of the most developed programme are the poor analysis of pollutant emissions, all

emission sources existing within the local community, as well as indicative emission connections and

concentrations of air quality parameters. Currently, most of the programme’s emission programmes

appear to show emissions from the Register of Environmental Pollution, which is not enough to have a

holistic picture of emissions in the area under consideration. Since 2018, the country has ensured

spatial distribution of emissions through the Portal for the whole Croatian territory, 5 (HR 1, HR 2,

HR 3, HR 4 and HR 5) and 4 agglomerations (HR ZG, HR OS, HR RI and HR ST) and the town of

Slavonski Brod, according to the Regulation on the designation of zones and agglomerations according

to air pollution levels in Croatia. The proposal is to improve the quality of future air protection

programmes, the ozone layer, climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change by including

a section that ensures coherence with the pollution control programme, i.e. that they contain an

overview of all the emissions that exist in the area in question and which are made available through

the Emissions Allocation Portal for 2014 and 2015, and that will make it possible to carry out an expert

analysis of the link of emission sources, emission values and concentrations of pollution in the air. As

the firm community has the competence to draw up the Programme, it should also ensure oversight

over the implementation of the measures.

The teaching table lists the 25 current programmes that have been taken over from the websites of counties

and cities.

Serial

No Name of the document

Period duration

Manufacturer

1 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change

Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation for the

Šibenik-Knin County

2016— 2020 Šibenik-Knin County, Environmental

Protection and Utilities

Administration 2 The programme of air protection, the ozone layer, climate

change mitigation and climate change adaptation in

Osijek-Baranja County

2016— 2020 Osijek-Baranja, Regional Department

for Spatial Planning, Environment

and Nature Conservation 3 Air protection programme, ozone layer, climate change

mitigation and climate change adaptation programme for

the City of Šibenik

2018— 2020 Šibenik, the management unit for

spatial planning and environmental

protection 4 An air protection scheme, the ozone layer, climate change

mitigation and climate change adaptation for the region of

Zagreb County

2015— 2019 Administrative Department for

Planning, Building and Protection of

the Environment, Department of

Environmental Protection of Zagreb

County 5 Air protection programme, ozone layer and climate change

mitigation in Krapina-Zagorje County 2017— 2021 Management unit for zoning,

construction and protection of the

environment in Krapina-Zagorje

County 6 Air, ozone, climate change mitigation and climate change

adaptation programmes for the City of Koprivnica 2017— 2020 Managing Authority of the City of

Koprivnica that is responsible for the

development of environmental

planning documents 7 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Mitigation of

Climate Change and Climate Change, Sisak-Moslavina

County

2018— 2021 Spatial Planning Department,

Construction and Environmental

Protection


47

Serial


Period duration

Manufacturer

8 Air, ozone, climate change mitigation and climate change

adaptation programmes in the City of Karlovac

2016— 2020 Not available

9

Air, Ozone, Climate Change Mitigation and Climate

Change Adaptation Programme for the 4-year period

2017— 2021 Zadar County


Mitigation and Climate Change adapted for the area of

Dubrovnik-Neretva County for the period from 2017 to 2020


Environmental Protection and Nature

of Dubrovnik-Neretva County

11

The 2016-2020 programme for the protection of the air,

the ozone layer and the mitigation and adaptation to

climate change in Bjelovar-Bilogora County

2016-2020 Management department for

agriculture, environment and rural

development of Bjelovar-Bilogora

County 12

From the 2017 programme of air, the ozone layer, the

ozone layer and climate change mitigation and adaptation

in Split-Dalmatia County.— 2020 years

2017— 2020 Not available

13 An air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate

change mitigation and adaptation in Karlovac County for

2017-2021

2017— 2020 The Directorate for Planning,

Building and Protection of the

Environment, Nature and

Environment Protection Department

of Karlovac County 14 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change

Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation in the City of

Zagreb

2016— 2020 City’s office for energy,

environmental protection and

sustainable development, City of

Zagreb 15 From the Air Protection Programme, the Ozone Layer, on

the Mitigation of Climate Change and Climate Change in

the City of Zadar


Islands Development and

Environment City of Zadar 16 The Ambient Air Protection Programme, the Ozone Layer,

on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the City

of Osijek

2017— 2020 The Managing Authority of Osijek


Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation to the City of

Varaždin for 2016-2019


Planning, Construction and

Environment of the City of Varaždin

18 Air Protection Programme, ozone layer, mitigation and

adaptation to climate change for the City of Velika Gorica

2018— 2022 Department for the Environmental

Protection of the City of Velika

Gorica 19

An air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate

change mitigation and adaptation to the Varaždin County

for the years 2015-2019

2015— 2019 The administrative department

responsible for the agricultural and

environmental protection of the

Varaždin County. 20 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change

Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation for the City of

Kaštela

2017— 2021 The City of Kaštela, management

unit for spatial planning, construction

and environmental protection 21

Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate

Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Brod-Posavina

County for the period 2016— 2020 years

2016— 2020 Administrative department for the

municipal economy and the

protection of the environment of the

Brod-Posavina county 22 Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Climate Change

Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation for the Požega-

Slavonia County Region

2016— 2020 Požega-Slavonia County

23 Air protection programme, ozone layer, climate change

mitigation and climate change adaptation to Međimurje

County

2016— 2020 ‘Međimurje County’ administrative

department for spatial planning,

construction and the protection of the

environment


48

Coherence with sustainable urban energy (and climate) urban development plans by 2020.

sustainable Energy (and Climate) Action Plan — SECAP

In addition to the plans and programmes under law, there are plans in Croatia that are drafted voluntarily, so

that local authorities are in favour of meeting the objectives of the EU on climate change and energy. One of

these plans is the Action Plan for Sustainable Energy (and Climate) Development by 2020, produced by cities

after the signature of the Covenant of Mayors. In this way, cities are on a voluntary basis to meet their energy

efficiency targets and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

In the framework of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy initiative launched in 2008 by the EC,

Energy and Climate Sustainable Development Action Plans (SECAPs) were organised in Croatia by 62 cities

out of a total of 70 cities which are signatories to the Agreement. Plans submitted and already approved or

currently approved by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission are currently being evaluated.

The 2020 emission reduction targets were reported by signatories to the agreement by 2015, in line with the

EU climate and energy package by 2020. Thereafter the emissions reduction target for the period up to 2030

is, as the 2030 climate and energy framework has in the meantime been adopted. In parallel, the signatories of

the agreement may extend their commitments to climate change adaptation in line with the EU Strategy on

Adaptation to Climate Change.

The maximum plan number was submitted for the period 2012-2015. So far 56 Action Plans have been

adopted. The measures contained in the Action Plans only address the reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions, whereas there are currently no measures to adapt to climate change. As a reference year in

respect of which the target for emission reductions has been defined, 2009 or 2010 years are generally

chosen.

The examples of measures defined by cities in the Action Plans are: Reconstruction of external envelopes of

buildings and roofing of residential buildings and family houses, thermal insulation of external envelopes and

roofs, replacement of obsolete public lighting and more environmentally friendly lighting, the installation of

district heating plants, the modernisation of local self-government facilities, the modernisation of local self-

government facilities, the promotion of the use of renewable sources in family homes, the modernisation of

student owners of buildings, the provision of new electric vehicles owned by the city, the construction of low-

power nursery facilities, the reduction of utility contributions for the construction of new, low energy and

passive buildings, energy audits and the certification of public buildings, the installation of a centralised heat

system, the provision of heat switching to natural gas, support for the replacement of builders’ joinery and

carpentry of family houses, installation of solar solar systems for family houses and residential buildings,

municipal administrations and urban buildings.

Progress in achieving the objectives set is assessed on the basis of a Monitoring Report submitted to the EC’s

Joint Research Centre every two years after the adoption of the Action Plan. The emission inventory

contained in the action plan is updated every four years.Up to the conclusion of this Programme, the

Monitoring Report has been submitted by 15 cities in Croatia. According to the information provided

in the monitoring reports submitted, it can be concluded that there have been solid progress in the

implementation of the actions contained in the Action Plans, noting that some cities have not yet started

actions in some cities.As all but one city showed a target to reduce emissions by 2020 (one was in favour by

Serial


Period duration

Manufacturer

24 An air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate

change mitigation and adaptation in Virovitica-Podravina

County for the period 2017— 2021 years

2017— 2021 The administrative department of

zoning, construction, utility and

environmental protection of

Virovitica-Podravina County 25

Air Protection Programme, Ozone Layer, Mitigation of

Climate Change and Climate Change in Lika-Senj County

for the period 2016-2020

2016-2020 Department of Construction,

Environment and Nature Protection

and LičkoI- senjska district economy


49

2030), activity in favour of achieving the measures envisaged should be stepped up in the remaining period.

Given that other signatories to the agreement did not submit their monitoring reports yet, no progress has

been made on the remaining cities and so the sample from which conclusions have been drawn is limited.

With regard to the financial resources to implement the actions planned in the Action Plan, the data in

the monitoring reports show that cities spend on average just over 25 % of the total planned resources,

so it can be assumed that no greater displacement in the insurance fund will be achieved by 2020.

Assuming that the action plans provide for realistic estimates of the resources needed for the

implementation of measures to reduce emissions, this fact could mean that the targets will not be fully

met.The voluntary nature of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy initiative should be taken into

account.

As regards the coherence of the Programme with the outlined plans, specificity is that measures to

reduce emissions in the framework of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy are defined at

local level and are departing from local urban targets, while the majority of the other plans and

programmes for which coherence is needed are adopted at national level.

In the subsequent period 2020-2030, the implementation of the action plans on air pollution and climate

energy plans (SEAP/SECAP) needs to be further integrated. The capacity of local administrations to connect

a number of sectors should be strengthened, in terms of supporting the development of integral development

documents and projects. There is a need for education, dissemination of knowledge and information on the

causes of pollution, harm, health impacts, available techniques, costs of measures and benefits.

2.3. COMPETENCES OF NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES

This chapter provides information on the responsibilities of national, regional and local authorities in air

quality and emissions to air (Annex III, Part 1 (a) (ii) of the NEC Directive).

The Ministry of Environment and Energy is a central body for the implementation of environmental

management policy.

The Ministry shall be responsible, inter alia, for air safety, planning documents, adoption and implementation

of measures to prevent and reduce air pollution, professional control of the operation of the state network for

permanent monitoring of air quality (state network), air quality reporting and the exchange of data, and

information systems as regards air protection.

Under the responsibility of the Ministry, the Ministry is also responsible for the supervision and supervision

of the professional work carried out by the EU and the State Hydrographic Office below (hereinafter: DHA).

In the system of managing and controlling the use of structural instruments, the EU in Croatia, the Ministry

has a role as intermediate body level 1 for certain specific objectives under the priority axis “climate change

and risk management” and “protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources”.

At national level according to a new organisation revoked the HATP, the Ministry is responsible for the

collection and aggregation of environmental and nature data and information to ensure and monitor the

implementation of environmental and nature protection policy, sustainable development and other

professional activities related to environmental and nature protection.

In its capacity as legal persons with public powers, the central institution for collection and investment of

extra-budgetary funds, in environmental and nature protection, energy efficiency and renewable energy

projects. In the system for managing and controlling the use of EU structural instruments in Croatia, the FPS

plays the role of Intermediate Body, Level 2 for the specific objectives of environmental protection and

sustainability of resources, climate change, energy efficiency and renewable energy. The business covers the

tasks related to the financing of the preparation, implementation and development of programmes and

projects and similar actions in the areas of conservation, sustainable use, protection and improvement of the

environment and in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy.


50

In the area of air quality monitoring FZEU provides funding for the implementation of the Programme for the

measurement of air pollution in the national network.

DHA is managing the operation of a government network, ensures the construction of new stations in the

national network and is responsible for carrying out air quality measurement programmes in national network

stations.

Air quality in the national network is done by reference laboratories. Air quality monitoring on the state

network for gaseous pollutants and PM 10 and PM 2,5 (automatic methods) shall be performed by the DMH

while monitoring the air quality in the stations from the State network in the part concerning the sampling and

physico-chemical analysis of PM 10 and PM 2,5 and the equivalence of the non-regulatory methods for

determining PM 10 and PM mass concentrations of PM and PM 2,5 by the Institute for Medical Research and

Occupational Medicine.

At local and regional level, air quality work is performed by city (City of Zagreb or large city) or county

office (including the City of Zagreb).The representative body of the county, the City of Zagreb and the large

city shall adopt an air protection programme, the ozone layer, climate mitigation and climate change

adaptation, which forms an integral part of the environmental programme in the county, the City of Zagreb

and the large city. Implementing this programme, managing authority responsible for environmental

protection (hereinafter: the competent administrative authority) of the county, the City of Zagreb and the large

city shall produce a report covering the four years adopted by the representative body of the county, the City

of Zagreb and the large city. The competent administrative authority of JLS and the City of Zagreb shall be

responsible for drawing up action plans for the improvement of air quality if the levels of air pollutants

exceed any limit value or target value.

The monitoring of air quality at the measurement stations established by the County, the City of Zagreb and

the cities on its territory, as well as the measurement stations established by the pollutants under the

environmental acceptability of a project or a solution on collective environmental conditions or

environmental authorisation, are carried out by the testing laboratories.


51

The teaching table provides an overview of the competences assigned to national, regional and local authorities.

2.3.2Competences conferred to national, regional and local authorities (M) List of the

relevant

authorities

(M):

Describe the type of authority (e.g.

environmental inspectorate,

environmental protection agency,

municipality) (M): Where applicable, the name of the competent

authority (e.g. Ministry XXX, DHL, JLS):

Describe the associated air quality and air pollution responsibilities (M): Select as appropriate: - Role in Policy Making - Role in the implementation - Role of enforcement (including relevant inspections and permits) - Reporting and monitoring role - Coordination roles - Other roles (specify)

National

authorities

(M):

Croatian Parliament Role in Policy Making Legislative framework It adopts the Environmental Protection and Air Protection Act, laws on the validation of international delegations.

Croatian Parliament Role in Policy Making National strategies Adopt national strategies in individual areas (e.g. the Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, the Strategy for

Transport Development of the Republic of Croatia for 2014-2030, the Industrial Strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014-

2020). Croatian Government Role in Policy Making

Strategies by area, National Programmes and Plans, Action Plans for the Implementation of Strategies Adopt its draft implementation strategies, programmes, plans and action plans.

Croatian Government Role in Policy Making Implementing rules Adoption and implementing rules under the ZZZ

Croatian Government Role in Policy Making Policy implementation reports Reports on the implementation of national strategies, plans and programmes


52


relevant

authorities

(M):







Minister Role in Policy Making Implementing rules It adopts the drafting of sector-specific regulations.

Decide to set up an expert panel for the purpose of drawing up proposals for national plans, national programmes, national

reports, draft implementing regulations and the drafting of implementing regulations.

(for example, Minister for the Environment and Energy: The Rules lay down the method for monitoring the air quality and the

collection of data, criteria for location of measurement positions, criteria for determining the minimum number mj of posts,

reference measurement methods, means of demonstrating of equivalence for other measurement methods, how to demonstrate

the equivalence of measurement methods, the method for demonstrating the quality of measurements and data, as well as the

presentation and consistency of results and compliance with Croatian standards, checks on the correctness and calibration of

measuring instruments, the method and costs of operating the reference laboratory, the method for reporting air protection

information system, the content of the annual report and the manner of regular information to the public.

The Rules lay down the method for monitoring emissions of air pollutants from stationary sources, the extent and types of

measurements, the reference methods for measurement, the means to demonstrate equivalence for other measurement methods,

the means to verify the integrity and calibration of measuring instruments, how to verify the correct measurement systems for

measuring emissions of pollutants into the air from stationary sources, the sampling procedure and the evaluation of the results

of measurements, the mode of transmission of data for the needs of the air emissions protection information system and the

regular public information on the monitoring of emissions);

Minasostvo Role in Policy Making Rules A competent authority for transfers of EU acquis shall make proposals for laws, regulations and implementing acts falling

within its competence. Ministries Role in Policy Making Strategies, plans, programmes It shall draw up proposals for sectoral strategies, plans and programmes.


53


relevant

authorities

(M):







MZOIP Role in Policy Making Air quality monitoring and assessment — State network Identifying zones and agglomerations, station Location, upon proposal of the Ministry, designated by the Government,

measurement programme, performing expert monitoring of state network operation, provides air quality assessment Croatian Government Role in the implementation

Cross-sectoral coordination commissions for PAM Set-up and coordination of work for PAM sector coordination

Ministries Role in the implementation Implementation of the legislative framework Exercising administrative control over the application of laws and by-laws, which is within the competence of the Ministry,

exercising administrative control over the bodies under the responsibility of the Ministry, the establishment of thematic

commissions and working groups, the adoption of proposals by regulations, the budget planning, in order to secure funding for

the implementation of sectoral policies, events with the EU and international institutions in order to meet the obligations of the

Republic of Croatia, the drawing up of reports and the exchange of information in order to fulfil the obligations of the Republic

of Croatia. Ministry Role in enforcement Monitoring of the implementation of the rules The implementation of administrative procedures by law, licensing and certification.

State Inspectorate Role in enforcement Monitoring of the implementation of the rules Monitoring the implementation of certain provisions of the law and regulations, by conducting inspections

MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Environmental permits, decision on integrated environmental protection requirements, environmental

acceptability solution, permit for greenhouse gas emissions, arrangements for free allocation of allowances to

operators, a decision on the free allocation of allowances to operators of aircraft Agreed, approved, issued, amended and revoked

MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Permit granting to a legal person — testing laboratory and legal person — reference laboratory It evaluates the applications, issues and issues permits and, where appropriate, is terminated.

MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring and reporting plan for greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft and a monitoring and reporting plan

on tonne-kilometre data from aircraft


54


relevant

authorities

(M):







It considers that the monitoring and reporting plan has been drawn up in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No

601/2012, the relevant instructions from the European Commission and the rules referred to in Article 90(8) of this Act. MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement)

A monitoring plan for greenhouse gas emissions from installations as an integral part of the greenhouse gas

emissions permit It shall provide an expert opinion on the compliance of the plan with the provisions of the Regulation.

MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Free allocation of allowances to operators of installations Responsible for implementing Commission Decision 2011/278/EU and the current European Commission instructions

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Low carbon strategy of the Republic of Croatia Report to the European Commission on the status of the implementation of the Low Carbon Strategy through reports.

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Report on the state of air quality, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of ozone

depleting substances in the Republic of Croatia (4 years) Report/Preparation has been submitted every four years to the Government

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Reporting and monitoring role Rules concerning the Environmental Pollution Registry (ROO) Develop and operate an online database, carry out the quality control, the processing and analysis of the data reported and make

the ROO data report, and make it publicly available for the public MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role

E-PRTR Regulation It conducts data quality controls and produces and reports to the European Commission and publishes it for the public.

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role VRD protocol A report shall be drawn up and submitted by the UN/ECE to be published by the public.

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Air quality action plans and short-term action plans Data collection and reporting


55


relevant

authorities

(M):







MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Air quality assessment and reporting Provides air quality assessment and reporting

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Air quality assessment Draw up Annual Air Quality Monitoring Report in the Republic of Croatia

DHA Reporting and monitoring role Air quality assessment, modelling for estimation purposes Performs air quality assessment, carries out modelling for assessment and reporting purposes

Legal persons — Testing laboratories Reporting and monitoring role Air quality monitoring, monitoring of emissions of pollutants into the air from stationary sources, checking the regularity of a

measuring system for continuous measurement of emissions from stationary sources and monitoring of product quality State office for metrology

Reporting and monitoring role The acceptance of equipment testing reports by performance requirements of reference methods issued in other Member States

provided that the tests performed by test laboratories are accredited in accordance with the relevant harmonised standard for

testing and calibration laboratories and the list of accepted reports published on its own website MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role

Air quality monitoring and assessment — State network, local networks, Special Purpose Vehicles Water Information System, Exchange of Information and Reporting on Air Quality

MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role Management and maintenance of the repository of environmental pollution register (ROO) Operates the Digital and Energy Information System, a building block of the ROO base, the maintenance of databases, the

publication and exchange of information; MZOIP Reporting and monitoring role

Action Plan for improving the quality of air Submits an Action Plan for improving air quality to the European Commission. IPR

DHA

Reporting and monitoring role Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network Monitoring air quality in stations from the state network for gaseous pollutants and PM 10 and PM 2,5 (automatic methods)


56


relevant

authorities

(M):







Submit the data and report on air quality levels and the evaluation of air quality to the Ministry annually.

Institute for Medical Research and

Occupational Health Reporting and monitoring role Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network It shall carry out the monitoring of the air quality in the stations from the State network in the sampling and physical nature of

the chemical analyses of PM10 and PM2,5 as well as the equivalence of non-reference methods for the determination of PM10

and PM2,5 by mass concentrations of particulate matter PM and PM. Submit the data and report on air quality levels and the evaluation of air quality to the Ministry annually.

Legal person — test laboratory Reporting and monitoring role Monitoring of air quality and air emissions It may carry out air quality monitoring in local networks and on special purpose stations, the activity of monitoring emissions

of pollutants into the air from stationary sources and/or checking the correctness of a measuring system for continuous

measurement of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources; A report shall be drawn up and reported for the measurements taken.

DHA Enforcement role (enformcement) Manages the work of the state network Manage the work of the national network, ensure the construction of new stations on the national network, ensure air quality

monitoring (measurement, data collection, quality assurance and measurement of measurement and data, adjusting and

verifying the technical characteristics of the measuring equipment in accordance with the reference measurement methods, as

well as the processing and presentation of the measurement results) and be responsible for the implementation of the air quality

measurement programme at those stations. DHA

Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network Monitoring air quality in stations from the state network for gaseous pollutants and PM 10 and PM 2,5 (automatic methods)

Institute for Medical Research and

Occupational Health Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring air quality in stations from the national network It shall carry out the monitoring of the air quality in the stations from the State network in the sampling and physical nature of

the chemical analyses of PM10 and PM2,5 as well as the equivalence of non-reference methods for the determination of PM10

and PM2,5 by mass concentrations of particulate matter PM and PM.

MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement)


57


relevant

authorities

(M):







Professional oversight of the work of the state network Professional supervision of operations pursuant to Article 28. ZOZZ

Legal person — test laboratory Enforcement role (enformcement) Monitoring of air quality and air emissions To carry out air quality monitoring in local networks and special purpose stations, the activity of monitoring emissions of

pollutants into the air from stationary sources and/or checking the correctness of a measuring system for continuous

measurement of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources. Reference laboratories Enforcement role (enformcement)

Air quality monitoring activity Pursues the activity of quality assurance of air quality measurements and data in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

MZOIP Enforcement role (enformcement) Measures to prevent and reduce air pollution

Targeted reduction of PM2,5 at national level for the protection of human health, Pollution from Natural Resources,

exceedances attributable to winter-sanding or -salting of roads or in salt, the Short-velocity Action Plan for ozone,

transboundary air pollution.

MZOIP The role of funding Measurement and data quality business Provide resources for the reference laboratory to participate in international reference laboratory tests on the capacity of the

reference laboratories and to cooperate with the Member States of the EU and the European Commission to ensure

comparability and quality of measurement. FZOEU The role of funding

Ensure the financing of the implementation of the programme for measuring levels of pollution on the national

network Ensure the financing of the implementation of the programme for measuring levels of pollution on the national network

Regional

authorities

(M):

JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Reporting and monitoring role Report on the implementation of environmental programmes Producing a report on the implementation of the programme for a period of four years (for which authorised persons)

JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Reporting and monitoring role Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks


58


relevant

authorities

(M):







Communicates air monitoring data and report on air quality levels and air quality assessment (by legal person to the testing

laboratory) to the original and validated air quality monitoring data and report. JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Implementation role (Enforment)

Environmental programme Adopted and published by authorised persons

JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities Enforcement role (enformcement) Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks Establishes air quality monitoring stations within its territory, shall determine the locations of air quality monitoring stations,

adopt a programme to measure the level of pollution, ensure the conditions for its implementation, monitor the implementation

of those activities.

Local

authorities

(M):

Competent administrative authority of JLS

and the City of Zagreb Reporting and monitoring role Air quality action plans and short-term action plans Ensure delivery of an action plan to the Ministry or a short-term action plan.

JLS Reporting and monitoring role Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks Communicates air monitoring data and report on air quality levels and air quality assessment (by legal person to the testing

laboratory) to the original and validated air quality monitoring data and report.

Representative body of JLS and City of

Zagreb Role in the application of enforcement (enformcement) Air quality action plans and short-term action plans Adopt an air quality action plan and a short-term action plan for its administrative area.

JLS Enforcement role (enformcement) Environmental permits, decision on integrated environmental protection requirements, environmental

acceptability decision solution Public debates JLS Role in enforcement Air quality monitoring and assessment — Local networks Set up air quality monitoring stations within its territory, determine the locations of air quality monitoring stations, adopt a

programme for monitoring air quality, provide conditions for its implementation, monitor implementation conditions, monitor

the execution of those activities, and submit annually to the Ministry of authentic and validated air quality monitoring data.


59


relevant

authorities

(M):







JLS and the City of Zagreb Enforcement role (enformcement) Report of the information on the Environmental Pollution Register (ROPS) Monitoring and verifying the quality of the ROPS data.

Pollutant (M):

Pollutants Enforcement role (enformcement) Air quality monitoring and assessment — Special purpose measurements Shall ensure the monitoring of air quality according to the environmental decision on the environmental acceptability of a

project or a solution on integrated environmental conditions or an environmental permit in accordance with the Environmental

Protection Act;


60

3. Progress in reducing emissions and the improvement of the QUALITY OF THE AIR of the

AN ACCs obtained from an existing system of performance based on the EU

This Chapter provides, through three pillars, information showing: “the progress made by current PAM in the

reduction of emissions and the improvement of air quality and the level of compliance with national and EU

obligations” (Annex III, l.part (1)) (iii) of the Directive).Subchapters are:

• Progress in emission reductions achieved through existing PAM and the degree of alignment with EU

and national commitments

• Progress in improving air quality achieved through an existing PAM and the degree of alignment

with the national commitments and commitments of the EU, and

• The current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources.

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.4.“Progress made by current Pars in reducing emissions and

improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union obligations.

3.1 Progress TO REDUCTION THE EMISSION AND CLEARANCE BY

COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND THE EU

For measures designed to contribute to achieving emission reduction commitments pursuant to NEC and

NEC, the measure’s effect should be expressed in terms of emission reductions to be achieved over a given

time limit.

As required by NEC and NEC Directive, at national level an inventory of good quality emissions should be

available as well as the spatial distribution of the EMEP’s network emissions. According to EMEP the

Reporting Guidelines and the Guide (as set out in Annex IV.The Directive), emission maps should be

developed using the resolution of 0,1° × 0,1° (long haul), which is Croatia and ensured through the project:

“Production of a Register for Small and diffuse pollutant emissions from spatial distribution to EMEP with a

high resolution network [4].The project represents a preventive measure to improve the air quality of MPR-11

from the Air Protection Plan, the Ozone Layer and the Mitigation of Climate Change in the Republic of

Croatia for 2013-2017 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 139/13).The

results of the implementation of the action are available on the Internet site:Https: //emep.haop.hr/.Results are

given by the spatial representation of pollutant emissions in the Republic of Croatia and in zones in the zones

of the range of 0,1° x 0,1° (long haul) and for agglomerations in resolution 500 m x 500 m (long-lat).The

implementation of this measure shall provide detailed information for air quality modelling on the High

Resolution scale.



61

Table 2.4.1 provides an overview of the progress in emission reductions achieved through existing PAM and

the degree of alignment with EU and national commitments (M)

The mass of NH 3 in 2016 was 35,2 KT.Since 1990, emissions have decreased by 34.4 %

2.4.1Progress in emission reductions achieved via existing PAM and the degree of harmonisation with national

EU (M) commitments and commitments Describe the

progress made current PAM in

reducing emissions

and the degree of

compliance with

national legislation

and legislation EU (M):

SO 2

In 2016, the total CoP emission 2 was 13,3 KT, representing a decrease by 92.2 % compared to

1990. Half (47.3 %) of 2 emitters in 2016 comes from the energy, electricity and heat sectors, 19.7 %

from industrial combustion of fuels and construction, 22.5 % from fugitive emissions from

activities in the refining/storage sector, 8.3 % from small heaters (stationary and mobile).The

decrease is mainly caused by a shift from fuels with high sulphur content to low sulphur fuels,

both in road transport and in stationary combustion. Also, a war on Croatian independence, which

took place during the period 1991.— 1995, reduced fuel consumption and falling overall

production in almost all sectors, resulting in a decrease in emissions. The sharp fall in the SO2

emission trend can be seen in 2000 due to the fact that other coal-fired thermal power stations (TPP)

in Croatia entered into the plant. The second TE also has an emission reduction technique of 2 (SO

2) with efficiency in excess of 95 %.The second coal TE at coal has a double capacity in relation

to the first. As from 2000, the first TE without an abatement technique so 2 was only in operation

when electricity needs (mainly in summer) are larger. Since 1990, emissions from the electricity

and heat production sectors decreased by 92.8 %, from industry and construction by 91.9 %,

transport sector by 98.3 %, from small ones by 95 %.Sulphur emissions from the production

process and product use have also decreased by 86.6 % compared to 1990 and are now less than

22 tonnes due to the suspension of the production of aluminium, pulp and paper (Kraft process)

and soot, and by the high reduction in sulphuric acid production. Since 2 in 2016, 2 kt were lower

than the target of 70 kt according to the GP and NEC of the Directive, due to the construction of a

sulphur output/storage sector (NFR 1. B.2.a.iv) for the construction of a sulphur plant (Claus

plant).

No x

The NOx emission in 2016 was 50,4 KT, representing a decrease of 50.4 % compared to 1990. in

2016, emissions from the energy sector were around 49,7 kt and around 93.6 % of total NOx

emissions. In 2016, the main source of energy for the energy sector was the transport sector (NFR

1. A.3), with a contribution of 48.7 % of total NOx emissions and the dominance of road

transport. Compared with 1990, NOx emissions in the transport sector decreased by 37 % due to

the introduction of automotive catalysts and the introduction of stricter emission standards. The

stationary and mobile sectors (road transport) sectors also have a major reduction since 1990,

mainly due to lower fuel consumption. Also, a war on Croatian independence, which took place

during the period 1991.— 1995, the decrease in fuel consumption and loss of overall production

in almost all sectors was due to a decrease in NOx emissions. Since 2007, the trend of NOx

emissions has decreased as a result of the economic crisis that still persists in Croatia. In 2016,

around 18.9 % of NOx emissions stem from small combustion sources (NFR 1A.4 mobile and

stationary), 13.2 % derived from fuel combustion in industry and construction (NFR 1. A.2),

while 12.5 % comes from the energy sector in electricity and heat production (NFR 1. A.1).In all

these sectors, there has been a decrease since 1990, in the sector 1. A.4 for 37 %, 1. A.2 for

70.2 % and 1. A.1 by 63.3 %.Crop production and agricultural soils also represent sources of NOx

emissions in Croatia, with a contribution of 4.3 % of total national NOx emissions in 2016. The

NO emissions occur in microbiological process in the soil, where it showed a decrease by around

33.6 % between 1990 and 2016 due mainly to the decrease in the use of N-fertilisers in crop

production and registered a 18.3 % decrease compared to the previous year. Emissions in the

sector and product use fell by around 60.5 % between 1990 and 2016 mainly due to the

suspension of aluminium, pulp and paper production (Kraft process), soot, and the overall

reduction in production. A year-on-year increase of around 1 % was observed and an indication of

the recovery of production.In 2016, NOx emissions were below the target of 87 KT according to

the GP and NEC of the Directive.

NH 3


62

compared to the year before by 11.1 %.The total trend of NH 3 from animal husbandry is

decreasing and depends on the number of animals (49 % reduction in 2016 compared to 1990)

with the continued falling number of animals for most categories of animals since 1990. The

decrease between 1991 and 1995 is a result of the war on Croatian independence, whereas the

reason for the decrease in the years since 2008 is the economic crisis. Emissions of NH 3 from

agricultural soils shall differ in relation to the total quantity of N — Mineral fertilisers applied

in the period 1990-2016 (reduction of ~ 2 % in 2016 compared to 1990).The most dominant

source in Croatia’s total NH 3 emissions from agricultural soils is a N-urea fertiliser (40 % in

2016, 29 % in 1990), followed by calcium ammonium nitrate (27 % in year 2016, 29 % in year

1990) and complex NPK fertilisers (17 % in year 2016, 27 % in 1990).Other fertiliser types

contribute less than 1 % of total NH emissions 3 due to fertiliser application in 2016. The

increase of NH 3 emissions can also be observed in the transport sector with dominant road

traffic (for around 17 times an increase of NH 3 emissions from road transport compared to

1990) due to the creation of NH 3 in catalyst passenger vehicles.The ammonia emission in

2016 was above the value of the 30 KT in the BCP and NEC of the Directive.

NMVOC

In year 2016, NMVOC emissions shall be 62,6 KT.In 2016, NMVOC emissions decreased

significantly by 58.9 % compared to 1990. The reduction since 1990 has been significant in the

Industry process and product use (by 68.8 %) and in the transport sector (with the dominance of

road transport (by 80.4 %).The downward trend since 1990 is due mainly to reduced emissions

from the solvent containing products, partly as a result of the best available techniques (BAT),

partly as a result of the reduced production of solvents and solvent-based products, partly as a

result of the shrinking population in Croatia. The road transport sector has also contributed to

the downward trend in NMVOC emissions due to the increased use of energy-efficient vehicles

and the introduction of new requirements for exhaust emissions. The fugitive emissions of

NMVOCs from petroleum products (in addition to the dominance of gasoline) and natural gas

were also to record a 45.2 % decrease since 1990. Also, a war on Croatian independence, which

took place during the period 1991.— 1995, was the reason for the decrease in fuel consumption

and a decline in overall production in almost all sectors. The economic crisis has contributed to

a further reduction of NMVOC emissions since 2007. Also, the reduction from 2008 is partly

due to the gradual substitution of a certain percentage of traditional domestic ovens and manual

boilers with advanced/labelled ovens, boilers and pellet stoves.In 2016, NMVOC emissions

were below the value of 90 KT installed according to the GP and NEC of the Directive.

PM 2,5

The PM 2,5 emission was 20,5 KT in 2016. Emissions decreased by 45.8 % compared to 1990.

The energy sector is the largest source of PM 2,5 emissions and contributes around 91.6 % of the

total national emission in 2016. Small boilers with dominance of the combustion of biomass in

the household are key sources of PM 2,5 emissions, and contribute 78.8 % of the total national

emission in 2016. The transport sector contributes less to the emissions ratio (8.8 % in 2016)

and shows an increase by 12,5 % compared to 1990. In the transport sector, road transport is

dominated by PM 2,5, with emissions equal to emissions from fuel combustion and fugitive

emissions from road use and the wear and tear of brakes and tyres. The production processes

and the use of solvents are also a major source of PM 2,5 emissions (6.8 % in 2016), which

recorded a decrease of 6.6 % since 1990. Agriculture is also a source of PM 2,5 emissions in

Croatia, accounting for a national share of 8.5 % in 2016. Manure management contributed to

4.5 % of total PM 2,5 emissions in 2016, while crop and agricultural soils with 4 %.The

combustion in industry and construction contributes to total national emissions from 2.3 % in

2016 and has recorded a significant decrease in PM 2,5 emissions in from 1990 due to reduced

consumption of solid fuels and biomass and at the same time an increase in consumption and

gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM 2,5 has several peaks and peaks between 1990 and

2016. The huge decrease between 1991 and 1994 is due to the war on Croatian independence

(1991).— 1995), due to lower fuel consumption and overall production reduction in almost all

sectors. In 1994, reconstruction of war-torn areas was started and emissions from the

manufacturing sector have increased and the trend towards 1999 has increased. The other trend

started in 2002, mainly due to increased asphalt activities of roads, quarries, construction, and

demolition, cement and production of inorganic products (such as soot, ammonium phosphate,

urea and NPK fertilisers).Asphalting


63

roads experienced a sharp increase in 2002, mainly due to the start of construction of the longest

highway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatia) from Zagreb to Dubrovnik (total length is 456 km).The

economic crisis, which has been the most affected by the construction sector in Croatia, has

helped to reduce emissions of PM ^ 5 from 2007. The notable reduction since 2005 is the result of

the gradual substitution of a certain percentage of traditional domestic ovens and manual boilers

with advanced/labelled ovens, boilers and pellet stoves.

PM 10

The total of PM 10 emissions was 27,8 KT in 2016. Emissions decreased by 45.8 % compared

to 1990 and increased by 0.2 % compared to 2015. The energy sector is the largest source of PM

10 emissions, contributing 72.9 % of the total national emission in 2016. The small scale of the

combustion of biomass in the household is key sources of PM 10 emission, contributing 60.7 %

of the total national emission in 2016. The turnover sector, which contributes to a lesser extent

(8 % in 2016), represents an increase of 17.3 % compared to 1990. Road transport is dominated

by PM 10 emissions from the transport sector, with emissions equal to emissions from fuel

combustion and fugitive emissions from road consumption and tyre and brake wear; The

manufacturing processes and the use of products represent another largest emitter of PM 10

emissions (18.6 % in 2016).The sector has seen a sharp increase (by 26.7 %) since 1990.

Agricultural is also a source of PM 10 emissions, contributing 8.5 % of Croatia’s total national

emission in 2016. Manure management contributes 4.5 % and production of crops and agricultural

soils with 4.5 %.Emissions from the agricultural sector decreased compared to 1990 (by around

50 %), due to decline in animal numbers and a decrease in crop production. Combustion in

industry and construction contributes to an overall national emission from 1,8 % in 2016 and

between and the period since 1990, this sector has significantly reduced PM 10 by 84.8 % due to

the decrease in the consumption of solid fuels and biomass and the parallel increase in

consumption and gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM 10 has several peaks and peaks

between 1990 and 2016. The huge decrease between 1991 and 1994 was due to the war on

Croatian independence (1991-1995), due to lower fuel consumption and overall production

reduction in almost all sectors. In 1994, reconstruction of war-torn areas was started and

emissions from the manufacturing sector have increased and the trend towards 1999 has

increased. The other trend started in 2002, mainly due to increased asphalt activities of roads,

quarries, construction, and demolition, cement and production of inorganic products (such as soot,

ammonium phosphate, urea and NPK fertilisers).Road asphalting has seen a sharp increase in

2002 mainly due to the start of construction of the longest motorway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatia)

from Zagreb to Dubrovnik (total length is 456 km).The economic crisis, most affected by the

construction sector in Croatia, has helped to reduce PM 10 emissions since 2008. The notable

reduction since 2005 is the result of the gradual substitution of a certain percentage of traditional

domestic ovens and manual boilers with advanced/labelled ovens, boilers and pellet stoves.

Provide full

reference (chapter,

page) to support

publicly available

datasets (e.g.

historical reporting

on emission

inventory) (M):

REPORT ON THE BUDGET FOR EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE AIR IN THE

REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 2018 (1990.— 2016), Chapter III — pollutant emission trends (p. 80-104)

Link HAOP: http: //www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju- republik-Croatiato-Vcisupoh-stva

Link ESC: http: //www.ceip.at/ms/ceip home1/ceip down/status reportins/2018 submissions

Portal of spatial distribution of emissions The Emission Register for small and diffuse sources, as well as any movable ones, and

stationary emission sources per zone (whole of Croatia) and agglomerations (Zagreb,

Rijeka, Split and Osijek) and for the town of Slavonski Brod separately. Variable pollutant emissions assigned to the EMEP network

resolutions of 0,1x0,1° long-olate (approximately 10 × 10 km) for the whole

territory of the Republic of Croatia and, for agglomerations at 0.5 km × 0.5 km,

including the town of Slavonski Brod. Link HAOP:https: //emep.haop.hr/

Include graphical

illustrations of

emissions reduction per

pollutant

Graphs below illustrate the annual emissions of the six main air pollutants in Croatia from 1990

until 2016. SOx emissions have the most pronounced decreasing trend, followed by NOx, non-

methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and ammonia (NH 3), all of which are precursors

in the creation of O3. More serious pollutants in Europe in terms of harmfulness

http://www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju-republike-hrvatske/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u


http://www.ceip.at/ms/ceip_home1/ceip_home/status_reporting/2018_submissions



64

substances and/or by

key sectors.

2 (kt/year) and percentage share per sector and changes of 2 SO emissions

(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air

from the Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))

NOx emissions (kt/year) and percentage terms per sector and NOx emissions changes

(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the Republic of

Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))

human Health is PM, 2 and ground floor 3.The most important effects of air pollution on

national ecosystems are eutrophication, acidification and damage to vegetation arising from

exposure to O 3.As the sulphur emissions are reduced, the emissions of NH 3 from agricultural

activity and NOx from the combustion process have become dominant in terms of acidification

and eutrophication of the ecosystem.

Emissions of NH 3 (kt/a) and percentage share by sector and changes in NH 3 emissions _______


65

(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the

Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))

NMVOC emissions (kt/a) and percentage terms per sector and changes in NMVOC emissions

(source: Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air from the

Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))

PM2,5 (kt/a) and percentage share per sector and changes in PM2,5 emissions


66

1990

2016

I T ;

A : R EF . :

A

2

1 A3 A

2


Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))

emissions of PMtar (kt/year) and percentage terms per sector and changes in PMio emissions


Croatia 2018(1990.— 2016))


67

3.2 Progress’s improvements in improving the QUALITY OF THE JOBS QUALITY AND

CLEARANCE BY COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND THE EU

OBLIGATIONS

According to the report: “The First Clean Air Outlook13 ” is a major environmental and health problem in the

EU.Many European cities have problems with poor air quality and go beyond the EU air quality standards

Directive 2008/50/EC,14 and further exceed the guidelines recommended by the World Health Organisation

(WHO).The European Environment Agency has estimated that around 400.000 people have died prematurely

in the EU in 2015 due to air pollution15.

EU — air policy review for the period 2011-2013 led to the Clean Air Policy Package in December

201316.The package contained the Clean Air Programme for Europe 17 and three legal proposals, for the

control of emissions from the Middle combustion plants, adopted as Directive (EU) 2015/2193 (‘MCPD’)18;

Ratifying the 2012 amendments to the GP, which determines the 2020 emission reduction, was adopted as

Council Decision (EU) 2017/175719; and for setting new national reduction commitments for 2030 in the new

Directive on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, adopted as NEC Directive 20

The Programme has proposed, among other things, regular reporting on the state of air quality in Europe,

encompassing the prospects of reducing emissions and progress towards the objectives of the EU.Following

the adoption of the NEC Directive in December 2016, an updated analytical base was updated and the first

“Clean Air Outlook” was prepared to address this and to provide the context for Member States’ work in

developing the National Air Pollution Control Programmes to be submitted to the Commission based on NEC

of the Directive by 1 April 2019.

The First Clean Air Outlook gives an overview of the state of play of current air emissions and air quality. It is

stated that in the 21th century the EU continued its trend towards reducing major air pollutants in the EU

despite economic growth. In general, over the period 2000. In 2015, overall EU GDP grew by 32 %, while

emissions of major air pollutants have decreased by between 10 % (for ammonia — NH 3) and 70 % (for

sulphur oxides — SOx).However, there are still major problems in the EU for air quality beyond air pollutant

limit values. For 2015, up to 20 % of the EU-28’s urban population was exposed to levels above the daily

particulate matter (PM 10) limit. For fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), up to 8 % of the urban population was

exposed to concentrations above the limit value 25 pg/m 3 and more than 82 % in levels above much more

stringent WHO values of 10 pg/m 3.In the case of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the annual limit value remains far

exceeded across Europe, with concentrations above identical EU and WHO borders in 22 Member States,

which account for up to 9 % of the urban population. For ground-level ozone, 18 Member States have

registered concentrations above the target values, and up to 30 % of the EU urban population lived in areas

where the target value was exceeded and more than 95 % were living in areas where stricter WHO guidelines

were exceeded21.It also states that there are currently 30 procedures for breach of the provisions of Directive

2008/50/EC by the Member States, 16 for exceeding the PM 10 limit values, 13 for exceeding the NO 2 limit

values and one for exceeding the limit values of SO 2.

While emissions of all pollutants have been reduced, looking at their generation history of 1990, at source, the

concentrations of air pollutants have not been reduced enough in recent years. Both in most European cities

and in Croatia the highest number of people live in cities in which air quality standards go beyond. The most

frequent exceedances are for ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and fine particulate matter (PM), but also

benzo (a) pyrene in particulate PM 10 (BaP in PM 10).Emissions, which have an impact on environmental

13 COM (2018) 446 final 14 OJ L 152, 11.06.2008, p. 1-44 15 European Enviroment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe — 2017 report’ 16 ENG.Clean Air Policy Package (see:Http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/clean_air/review.htm) 17 COM (2013) 918 finalClean Air Programme for Europe) 18 medium Combustion Plants Directive, OJ L 313, 28.11.2015, p. 1-19 (Directive EU 2015/2193 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants (OJ L 313, 25.(11.2015) 19 OJ L 248, 27.9.2017, p. 3-75 20 OJ L 344 of 17.12.2016, p. 1. 21 European Environment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe — 2017 report’

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/clean_air/review.htm


68

pollution but also recording a decrease in the historical trend even in part of when air quality in Croatia is

monitored, do not, however, result in a linear fall in local pollution concentrations.

The EU Air Quality Directive, i.e. the CAFE Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, entered into force on 11 June 2008.[OJ L 152,

11.62008].The Croatian legislation has been implemented through the Air Protection Act, the Air Pollutants

Levels Regulation (NN No 117/12) and the Rules on Air Quality Monitoring (NN No 79/17).

The CAFE is included in the Directive for which air quality assessment (Article 4, Chapter II, Section 1 and

Section 2) is carried out:

- sulphur dioxide,

- nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides,

- Particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2, 5),

- lead;

- benzene,

- carbon monoxide and

- ground-level ozone.

In addition to CAFE Directive, Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council is in

force in respect of:

- arsenic,

- cadmium;

- mercury; and

- benzo (a) pyrene (as indicator for contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons).

Article 19(1) of the TFEU provides: The ZOZZ air quality assessment (assessment) shall be carried out for the

following substances:

- sulphur dioxide,

- nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides,

- Particulate Matter (PM 10, PM 2, 5,),

- lead;

- benzene,

- carbon monoxide,

- ground-level ozone

- arsenic,

- cadmium;

- mercury;

- nickel and

- benzo (a) pyrene.

Air quality assessment and modelling for the purpose of the assessment referred to in Article 19— 22 and the

notification referred to in Article 120 in the territory of the Republic of Croatia in accordance with Article

6(3).The ZOZZ is carried out by the Ministry, and is provided by the Ministry.

Air quality monitoring, monitoring of emissions of pollutants into the air from stationary sources, checking the

regularity of a measuring system for continuous measurement of the emissions from stationary sources and

monitoring of the quality of the products under Article 6(4) are carried out by legal persons — test

laboratories. Some of the conditions laid down by the legal person for the provision of air quality monitoring

activities are:

- that it has a means of measurement equipment to carry out air quality monitoring operations under the

reference measurement methods laid down in the Rules on air quality monitoring and that they are

accredited to the harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories for each reference

method of measurement in particular, that is, the certification of the reference laboratory for the

quality assurance of the measurement and quality of air for each reference method of measurement

(Article 55(1) (4)ZZZ).

- if using other measurement methods for which reference methods are provided by the Ordinance on Air

Quality Monitoring, a juridical person must be accredited in accordance with the requirement of the


69

harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories or have confirmation from the reference

laboratory of measurement quality assurance and data for each measurement method and also have

confirmation from the reference laboratory that equivalence tests have been carried out using other

measurement methods with the reference methods according to the standards of the European

Commission (Article 55(2)ZZZ).

- if, for other measurement methods for which the reference methods of the Ordinance on air quality

monitoring are not used by the Ordinance on monitoring of air quality, a legal person must be accredited

in accordance with the requirement of a harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories for

those methods (Article 55(3)ZZZ).

The activity quality assurance activities in the air quality in the Republic of Croatia shall be performed by the

reference laboratory (Article 60(1)ZZZ).The reference laboratory shall issue a certificate to test laboratories

for ensuring the quality of measurements and air quality data for each measurement method based, in particular,

on the verification of the measurement traceability (Article 60(3)).For the reference laboratory to participate in

international reference laboratory proficiency tests and to cooperate with Member States, the EU and the

European Commission to ensure comparability and quality of measurements shall be made available by the

Ministry (Article 62(1)).One of the conditions laid down by a legal person for carrying out air quality assurance

activities and air quality assurance activities shall be:

- the harmonised standard for testing and calibration laboratories is accredited according to the

requirement of one or more reference measurement methods prescribed by the Air Quality Monitoring

Regulation.

In accordance with Article 23CAFE Directive and Article 46ZZZ, if, in certain zones or agglomerations, air

pollutants are exceeded any limit value or target value and any margin of tolerance in each of these cases,

Member States shall ensure that air quality plans are drawn up for those zones and agglomerations in

order to achieve the relevant limit value or target value as specified in Annexes XI and XIV to the CAFE directive.

In the event of exceedances of those limit values for which the attainment deadline is already expired, the air

quality plans shall set out appropriate measures, so that the exceedance period can be kept as short as possible.

The air quality plans may additionally include specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population

groups, including children. These plans for air quality shall contain at least the information set out in Section A of

Annex XV.CAFE Directive and Article 46(3) ZZZ, which may include measures pursuant to Article 24. CAFE

Directive, i.e. Article 47(4)ZZZ.Those plans shall be communicated to the Commission without delay, but no later

than two years after the end of the year the first exceedance was observed. Where air quality plans must be

prepared or implemented in respect of several pollutants, Member States shall, where appropriate, prepare and

implement integrated air quality plans covering all pollutants concerned. Member States shall, to the extent

feasible, ensure consistency with other plans required under Directive 2001/80/EC, Directive 2001/81/EC or

Directive 2002/49/EC in order to achieve the relevant environmental objectives.

According to CAFE Directive, EU Member States are required to reduce the exposure of the population

to particulate PM 2,5 population and the targets are set at national level and are based on the average exposure

indicator (PPI).The PPI shall be set as the mean concentration of PM 2,5 on the basis of measurements over a

period of 3 years at selected control stations in agglomerations and larger urban areas, located in urban

background areas to best assess PM 2,5 exposure towards the general population.

An Assessment of Air Quality in the territory of the State and the application of Appendix XIV of the new

Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 2008/50/EC 24 was drawn up in 2010, which was the

base year for calculating the TAD (http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka? ID = 30810).The Treaty of Accession of the

EU, defined in 2015 as the base year for calculating the PPI as being the average of the measured values of PM 2,5,

has been formally set in as the average for the calculation of the TAD, which amounts to 20,6 pg/m in 3.

The document proposed a measurement programme of PM 2,5 with the aim of reducing national exposure to four

city background sites in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek and a rural background location. The proposed

measurement programme has been implemented through the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for

the concentration of individual air pollutants and the location of measuring stations in the national air quality

monitoring network (NN No 65/16).

The four locations in the agglomerations necessary for the calculation of the PPI are:



70

- Agglomeration HR: Location of the Zagreb, Kaverska Road for PPI PM 2, 5,

- Agerauia EN RI: The location of Rij eka-2 for TAD PM 2, 5,

- Agglomerules a HR ST: Location for the TAD PMPM 2, 5,

- For agglomeration HR OS: Location for PPI PM 2, 5

At the CHAGREB PPI ‘PM 2,5 ’ location, the PM 2,5 measurement has been carried out since 2005, while the

measurements on Rijeka-2 for HPM2,5 started in 13.5.2015. The programme for measuring air pollution in the

state network for continuous monitoring of air quality (NN No 73/16) for measurements at Split and Osijek

stations shall start by 31 December 2019 at the latest.

In 2016, a study on how to achieve a targeted reduction of exposures at national level on the basis of the average

exposure to PM 2,5 for 2015 (http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809), which illustrates the analysis of the

exposure is at the heart of the time available at the time of: ‘Kaverska Road for PPI M2 , 5 ‘(urban area) and

‘Plitvice Lakes’ (rural area — National Park).

According to the detailed report, the AEI PM 2,5 for the year 2020 is 16,4 pg/m 3.If this is done, this

would mean that the target for reducing exposure at national level from 20 % will not be reached.

Based on measurements at ZAGREB PPI ‘PM 2,5 — Kaverska Road ’, a high degree of seasonality is set

up to the concentrations with elevated levels during cold and low levels during the warm part of the

year. The production results of the rural background station of the Plitvice Lakes show that there is no

seasonal trend of PM in 2,5.The chemical composition analysis of PM 2,5 shows the variability of the

anions, cations and organic and inorganic carbon concentrations as a result of the contribution of

multiple sources of pollution, remote transportation, physical and chemical properties of measured

pollution as well as meteorological parameters. Combustion processes of fossil fuels and biomass,

transport, re-suspension of plots, secondary aerosols and remote transport can be the most significant

sources.

The teaching Table 2.4.2 gives an overview of the progress in improving air quality achieved through an existing

PAM and the degree of alignment with EU and national commitments (M)

2.4.2Progress in improving air quality achieved through an existing PAM and the degree of harmonisation

with national commitments and commitments by the EU (M): Describe the progress

made with the current

PAM’s in

improvement

The sites and the programme for measurement in the national air quality monitoring network

are laid down in the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for the concentrations of

individual air pollutants and the location of measurement stations in the national monitoring

network on a permanent basis. 24 Assessment of ambient air quality in the territory of the State and application of Appendix xiv of the new Directive on ambient air and cleaner air for Europe 2008/50/EC, contracting entity, Author: K. Šaga, Zagreb, February 2010 25 A detailed report on how to achieve a targeted reduction of exposure at national level based on the average exposure to PM2,5 for the year 2015, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Medicine, Zagreb, October 2016.



71

The air quality and

the

state of compliance

with national

legislation and

EU legislation, the

minimum

indication of the

number of Air

Quality

Zones

(AQ zones) of the

total number of air

quality zones

(i) that (s) are in

conformity with the

EU for the NO 2

air quality

objectives, PM 10,

PM2,5 and O 3, and

any

other

pollutant (s) for

which

there is an overrun

(M):

air quality (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 65/16) and

the Programme on the measurement of air pollution in the state network for permanent

monitoring of air quality (NN No 73/16).

Previously the Regulation establishing a list of monitoring sites for monitoring

concentrations of individual air pollutants and location of measuring stations in the national

air quality monitoring network (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No 22/14) and the accompanying programme to measure the level of air pollution in

the State network for continuous monitoring of air quality (NN No 103/14) have been in

force.117/14).

The progress made by the current PAM in improving air quality and the degree of

compliance with national and EU legislation is shown by examining the monitoring of air

quality in 2013.(when Croatia joined the EU) and in 2016 (last available annual report).

A list of monitoring sites for the assessment of contamination (conformity) of the zones and

agglomerations (the colours indicate that the data coverage in 2013 is met):

(source: Annual Air Quality Monitoring Report on the Republic of Croatia 2013,

HAOP, December 2014)

ZONE ACLOMEKACJIA

MEASURING LOCATION

CLASSIFICATION OF THE

MEASURING MEASURES

A CONTAMINATING AGENT

MK 1

nant nt rural background Ou PM.r, PML.

IVvltKK rural Oil/Rail background THEY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS SET OUT IN ANNEX II TO THE EEA AGREEMENT. Varaždin suburban a. st >

IIA 2

Slavonski Brod 1 < 0 < X ‘urban background’

RELATING TO «: 50Note Lo'Ma —

Sisak *! mdisgonnka IVn/RN l’M 'BaPi odi PAH

in PMU, Ir4ki metals (Rv

Ni, CII A *)

Kutina-) PT (city entry bar; 0 > VG *

adk-eye Through PMI.

EN 1 Hhtakaj ftfinm birth: < n/jiin «ki D 'Mi; Pz, kvnufvkl.tailzv

CM.-.

L ′ K rural background 0 Karlovac suburban O *.BUT;

EN 4 Veintan rural Celery PM’ L * ula KkJtinia suburban Ot, NO

IIA) HUM (storm Vu) rural background O’ Tjtukoi j (Dulmnniil principle «L, and O; BUT: PM.s. PM '•

HR 7-G 7aj (W, Fit, v I fine "net

Ni-h. PMR, I amIn * T l Other AL in PM * H *

lvo metals 1 1 NL Cd

Zitvb.et urban puraitki/pngrjHlnka (Os)

(K Noi.‘ M’ Mal in PM of

1

H2C Large * Uo (U4 urban

background ′ pnurban to 1 Vh, Nlk l Mi —

Zegrb m PM2-3 —

kavavka orsta urban background 11 * 1 PMxv kmn ^ kl s *

ative.

MR HKOS Um is a barbs 1 prostate'clock’ C >.New lHmile. (iv) PMU.

HR Kl Rivkk-2 urban background 'ppciurban HM

Ot. OT.SCK NO Hand PM.v 1 \:

HR ST Splli-1

the city of the head background 'pic (OT) background

OV! CK NO/, FM * UM: .

Kaiarl Suan Urm prielhioditk * SOI; NO.

red rme pxl.it ‘HRK’

N * l ‘t’ > and m, entry barr RMI pmbri — workvlivn Coverage

Blue. ‘Vaport per * tuyi > but mjr ihudt


72

A list of monitoring sites for the assessment of contamination (conformity) of the zones and

agglomerations (the colours indicate that the data coverage in 2016 is met):

red mirti

green measurement data data is satisfied

blue measuring subatomic, but n * is assigned to coverage;

(source: Annual report on monitoring air quality in Croatia for 2016, HOP, November 2017)

An overview of exceedances for the period 2013-2016 is given in the following days, based

on the data published in the Annual Air Quality Monitoring Reports in the Republic of

Croatia, which is available athttp: //iszz. ‘htm = 0 & t = 0.

Exceedances in zones/agglomerations determined on the basis of a combination of analysis

of the results of measurements and an objective estimation in the period 2013-2016 is as

follows:

/ONO AGGLOMERATION

MEASURING LOCATION

UA9FKACIIA MEASURING

MJ5TA ONBClyou £U in place in

place; in: rVAK

HHO

/iipik-l rricMirtiu

IT; PM, c entity

T, and Pau (Hang. Mr ItbF.Bir.

Hki. HbhA) in PM, * HIE

s * ki Metals (l * b. ni, Cd, A”. in: PM

/A & eth-I Name and address of the Member State in the Member States of the Member States of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 for the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Parliament and of the COUNCIL OF 17

DECEMBER 2013 FOR THE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND

OF THE COUNCIL OF THE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND

OF THE COUNCIL OF 17

DECEMBER 2013 for the

1. However ^ PM<; Iki-Pol

PAL’ (HAARU.HM, HjF.F kf. IN *, L > But A) ulas, HL′ tS-evt

The effigy of the Concone jucadlui jhiziinvkapr ig/andska entry bar; 0, entry into the bar on bards;

LI; NO PM,

Zagreb PM JGLS Library of onta urban background

(these L′ M• The chemical

composition of PMGA (U, NO

1. f £K!.Na’.MHT, IC *.Mg of

2 ‘s

^ HBC * OC)

HR AXIS Oijd'l traffic OJ: No: ; LVN; PM,

EN Rl Riiek-2 urban Badger. *, ilin”.KA jttImgrave-, L >, J

A. the OjJ SOii NO; PM, IN PVC.

FM Splil-t

urban second place of arrival in the Member States of the Member States concerned at the time of their town or city bar; 0 >:

Oii strain) NO.PM, PV ^,

The sui urai; adska background LN,

EN 1

Knsf/you it rural background CPM (.c) AND

rural (OjRurasuna ptvardska NQl PMM TRACKSUITS Varaždin suburban

HR2

51h 0 * ki bmd-1 town LO “ljel (nul” ia

Liudine” Mr SOtfPM, 3

SisAes-1

‘12nzcn’;PMI’; Bo!’ and PAU

JlIANang, Hl * I II) E, HU, JP. 1 korA

Kutina-1 suburban (Oob 'urban)

background OJ: Stroke ThA

EN 3 L’Uttfka JW * i4 rural background

PM: Chemical composition

PAMA (Cl, NO *, 5 * V, Na, *,

NH/, K ′.M * *’ 1 Ca ^ ^

HBC OC) ‘• *• * * rural background

‘Carhunting at’ suburban OJ,

EN 4 Vvet entry bar; ai ^ _ rural background PM. I’UAJ F, paved suburban O; HOWEVER,

EN 3 HUM (Vins Island rural administrations

/.irkiiv a (Dubrovnik) suburban O; However *, PM (i) l M. and I from L-Viul.l

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=0


73

The overrun of 2 was only recorded in the agglomeration of Zagreb (HR

ZG).Exceedance of benzene in the Industrial Zone only (HR 2).

Exceedances of benzo (a) pyrene have been recorded in the agglomeration of

Zagreb (HR ZG) and the Industrial Zone (HR 2).

Compliance for zones/agglomerations has not been assessed if there was no

measurement or in turn the coverage of the data was below 85 %.Moreover, the

modelling data could not be used for the conformity assessment of PM 10 and PM 2

as contamination levels in all zones and agglomerations were higher than the

assessment floor (DPP).Also, modelling data could not be used to assess ozone

compatibility in zones and agglomerations, given that levels of contamination in all

zones and agglomerations are higher than the long-term objective (DC).

not evaluated

The difference in the number of exceedances for ground-level ozone in 2013 and in

2016 results from the availability of data rather than a change in the level of

pollution. Ozone contamination by ground-level ozone is subject to a natural

interannual variation, as demonstrated by the situation in the Zagreb

agglomeration (HR ZG) and Rijeka (HR RI).As can be expected in rural areas of

coastal and coastal Croatia, i.e. zones HR 3, HR 4 and HR 5, the problem of ozone

pollution is more pronounced in agglomerations.

Non-compliant

NO 2 benzene

AB

OU

T 3

PM! 0 PM 2.5 BaP in PM

and 0 2013 0 0 1 3 1 0 2014 0 0 2 3 0 2 2015 1 1 6 3 1 2 2016 1 0 5 3 2 2

The table table shows the number of compliant zones/agglomerates;

Compliant NO 2 benzen

e AB

OUT 3


and 0 2013 8 8 2 1 1 6

2014 9 8 4 3 3 4

2015 8 8 2 6 8 4

2016 8 8 3 6 6 4

The table table shows the number of non-evaluated zones/Sons cjj of:

Not assessed NO 2 benzene ABOU

T 3


and 0 2013 1 1 6 5 7 3

2014 0 1 3 3 6 3

2015 0 0 1 0 0 3

2016 0 1 1 0 1 3

The assessment of compliance for each of the zones/agglomerations for

ground-level ozone in 2013 2016 is presented in the following table: ____

2013 2014 2015 2016

HR ZG

RI

HR ST

HR AXIS

EN 1

EN 2

EN 3

EN 4

EN 5

Marks: compliant

non-compliant


74

Provide full reference

(chapter, page) to

support publicly

available data sets

(e.g. Air Quality

Plans, quantitatively

quantified

contributions —

source distribution)

(M):

A more detailed overview of the exceedance in zones/agglomerations in 2013-2016 days is

made in tabular format:

Zone/agglomeration a Measurement NO 2 benzene ABOU

T 3 PM! 0 PM

2.5 BaP in PM! 0

HR ZG

Zagreb 1 2013 NP 2015 2016

2016

2013 2014 2015 2016

2015 2016

Zagreb 3

2013 2014 2015 2016

2014 2015 2016

Velika Gorica * 2015 2016

HR AXIS PO 1

2013 2014 2015 2016

RI Rijeka-2 2013

2015

EN 1 Desinić 2015

2016

EN 2

Slavonski Bro-1

2013 2014 2015 2016

Sisak-1

2015

2013 2014 2015 2016

2014 2015 2016

Kutina-1

2013 NP 2014 2015 2016

EN 3 Party 2014

2015 2016

EN 4 Pula Fižela * 2015

2016

EN 5

HUM (island of Vis)

2013 NP 2014 2015 2016

Spinous spider crab (Dubrovnik)

2013 NP 2015 2016

N.B.

* Measuring stations that are not an integral part of the government network but are used for the purpose of

data exchange until the establishment of new nationwide stations of the NP is not satisfied by the coverage of

data;

All information related to air quality monitoring and air quality action plans are publicly

available on the HATP sites: http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html

AIR QUALITY REPORTING

The Republic of Croatia joined the Republic of Croatia to provide the European Commission

with information/data on air quality. For this reason, the HAOP developed in 2014 a ‘Air

Quality in the Republic of Croatia’ portal and delivered air quality data to the European

Commission through the portal of 2014 (data for 2013), thus fulfilling all of the air quality

reporting obligations required by the IPR Implementing Decision.

This provides all relevant air quality data/information:

- Information on zones and agglomerations (B),

- Information on the assessment system (C),

- Data relating to networks and stations (target data) (D),

- Original and validated data (E),

- Evaluation of contamination by exceedances of limit and target values (G),

- Information on air quality plans (H),

- Source distribution information (I), ______________________________________



75

- Information on the scenario of the achievement of (J); - Information about air quality measures (K).

Under IPA 2013 ‘Strengthening inspection of the environment for effective control of air

quality monitoring and the greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme, in order to achieve better

air quality in the Republic of Croatia’, an analysis of the status of air quality reporting has been

carried out and concluded that the EC data exchange is taking place in a satisfactory manner

and according to a scheduled timetable.

Information plans submitted to the European Commission:

In 2015, the following action plans were submitted to the Commission for exceedances in 2013: - Action plan for the improvement of air quality in the City of Zagreb — for exceedances of PM

10 PM - Action plan to reduce the PM 10 concentration in the city of Sisak — for exceedance of PM 10

PM - Action plan to reduce PM 10 emissions from Grad Kutini — for exceedances of PM 10 PM - Action plan on particulate pollution (PM 10) for the city of Osians — for exceedances of PM 10

PM - The action plan to reduce ozone ozone in the City of Rijeka was provided with measures to

reduce ozone ozone pollution at the City of Rijeka (ZZZ for the overshooting of floor ozone)

requires the development and adoption of an Action Plan, and in accordance with Directive

2008/50/EU for exceeding this CV, the compulsory notification of action is only required.

In 2016, information was provided on the implementation of the action plans for exceedances

in 2014. Reporting on the implementation of the action plans shall be reported in such a way

that information already sent is updated as necessary on an annual basis. In 2016, for

exceedances in 2014, the information provided in: - Action Plan for the Improvement of Air Quality in the City of Zagreb area — for exceedances

of CV BaP in PM 10.

All the current action plans drawn up can be found on the Air Quality Portal in Croatia on the

HAOP website at http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=4.

All the information on the action plans submitted by the EC is publicly available and also

included in the Air Quality in the Republic of Croatia website on the HATP website (for

reporting years): - Information on air quality plans (H):Http: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm, - Source distribution information (I):Http:

//iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm, - Information about the achievement year scenario (J):Http: //iszz.

azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation. HTM. - Information about air quality measures (K): http: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm.

In 2017, the information was provided on the Action Plan for the City of Slavonski Brod for

overruns PM 2,5 in 2013, which was adopted in 2016. - Air quality improvement action plan for Slavonski Brod

Include maps of

current ambient

concentrations (at least

for the following

pollutants: No 2, PM 10,

PM 2.5 and O 3 as well

as other AMAQD

pollutants representing

a problem) and which

Maps SO 2, NO 2, PM 10, PM 2,5, O 3, heavy metals and B (a) P for the period 2001— 2015 is

given in: Objective evaluation of air quality in the Republic of Croatia’s zones 2016 (DHMH,

Zagreb, September 2017) available at:http: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=69590.

An objective assessment of the air quality shall be carried out for all areas (zones) where air

quality measurements are not made, measurements shall be made with either non-standardised

methods or by a standardised method for which equivalence tests with the reference method

have not been carried out, but only where the concentration levels of the pollutants are lower

than the lower end of the assessment floor (DPP) or long-term objective (DC) in accordance

with Articles 6 and 9. Directives 2008/50/EK.


http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation.htm


http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm



76

they show, for

example, the

number of zones, out

of the total number

of air quality zones,

which are (are) (not)

in the base year and

reporting year:

2 isp

The results were obtained using the latest version of the EMU of the model in 2016. A spatial

meter model of 50 km × 50 km has been used and is designed primarily to assess the impact of

the regional and remote transfer of pollutants. The model is not fine enough to estimate the

amount of concentrations in cases where the sources of local pollution are dominated.

Modelling in standard resolution (0,1° x 0,1°) at national level and at AQ area and

agglomeration not yet implemented.

The maps for 2015 are shown below.

SO 2

The modelled values of the 2 SO concentrations are less than 2 pg/m 3 in the larger territory of

Croatia. Values in the range 2-10 pg/m 3 are in areas bordering Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)

(Republika Srpska) and the Republic of Serbia (RS), which is also expected in light of the high

point sources of emissions in these countries.

Throughout the Republic of Croatia, annual concentrations of SO 2 are below the value of the

lower assessment threshold (50 pg/m 3) with regard to human health and lower assessment

thresholds (8 pg/m 3) with regard to vegetation protection.

NO 2

No more than annual concentrations of NO 2 are in the vicinity of industrial sources, i.e. in

agglomerations. The estimated NO concentration values of NO 2 range from 2 to 10 pg/m 3,

which is below the lower assessment limit with regard to human health (26 pg/m 3) as well as a

floor of the assessment of the critical level of nitrogen oxides given the protection of

vegetation and natural ecosystems (19,5 pg/m 3).

Although dominant sources of nitrogen oxides are included in the emission data, the large

spatial scale of the model does not allow for precise determination of the concentration levels in

areas, where there is more pronounced individual or isolated sources of emissions of nitrogen

oxides (cementare, thermal power, refineries, etc.). _________________________________


77

PM 10

The annual concentrations of PM 10 range from 8-18 pg/m 3.The calculated concentration values

are below the lower assessment limit for human health (20 pg/m 3).The spatial distribution of the

concentrations of annual PM 10 concentrations varies from year to the year that is highly

dependent on the meteorological conditions. It can be observed that the maximum load on PM 10

in the zones HR01, HR04 and HR05 is slightly lower in the HR02 zone.

■ > •• and: P’.

A * 1A ■ •

CIT • • IO • £ * # • ” T 201S Ti “ t4 “▼ ^ + t4 • ”

4 t t • 19

* “. in .

^ INLINE 20.40

4 40-60

The modelled values PM 10 concentrations are comparable only with values measured at rural

stations and may be considered reliable within the limit of measurement uncertainty/modelling

for PM 10 (50 % uncertainty margin).A slightly higher deviation relative to the measured value

is obtained at the gauge mission, where average annual concentration values are 20,6 pg/m 3,

whereas the results of the budget are around 18 pg/m 3, which is nevertheless within the limits of

the acceptability of the model results.

PM 2.5

The modelled values, PM 2.5 concentrations range from 6-16 pg/m 3 and throughout the Republic

of Croatia below the assessment ceiling (16 pg/m 3).

Cregistrant 0 * 3

* “ and PM? j

′ t ′ 2015 O — > 2 • U 4 U * 16

4 * 4 • ‘6 • 4 > 5 • 20 ^ ‘ 4-20-40

4 40-60

At Konovum, the measured values of PM 2.5 are higher than the modelled values and indicate

the impact of a potential natural source of emissions.


78

Ozone

Results from the budget of ozone concentrations show that the average daily ozone values of

ozone are high, and that there is a gradient of increase of concentrations going beyond the

mainland of Croatia to the Adriatic. Mean daily concentration values range from 60-100 pg/m 3,

which is comparable to the measurement values obtained.

Although there is a small trend of decreasing the median concentrations (mainly in the riparian

zones), the values do not change significantly from year to year.

Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg), and solid organic compounds (BaP)

Lead concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are comparable with measured values,

while benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) values are significantly underestimated. However, measurements

shall be carried out in the centres with the high influence of local sources, so that it is not

possible to reach a final court if the modelled values are indeed underestimated in the zones

where measurements have not been taken.

Spatial distribution of annual mean concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and persistent

organic compounds (BaP)

The spatial criterion of the model is the largest barrier to making a final assessment.

However, taking into account the fact that B (a) is the highest in cities, urban

agglomerations and industrial centres, we estimate rural areas (zones).


79

Describe where

problems in the

area of air quality

are identified,

please describe how

progress has been

made in reducing

the maximum level

of maximum

concentrations:

HR01, HR03, HR04 and HR05) does not lead to exceedance of the target values of 1 ng/m of 3

for BaP.

There are changes in the pollution parameter during the period 2013-2016, based on data

provided by the EC.

PM 10 concentration

Exceedances on the ground occur only in the area of lowland continental Croatia. At

measurement stations which have been reported by exceedances, the number of daily

concentration exceedances is higher than permitted. Only one location (Kutiin-1) is the average

annual concentration that is larger than the GV.Measurements shall not indicate a decreasing

trend in the decrease of PM 10 annual concentrations or the number of exceedances of the daily

PM 10 concentration numbers than in most of the data points to the interannual variability as seen

in the following figures.

The location of the Zagreb -1 data point indicates the year-to-year variability of the annual

concentration and the number of exceedances occurring at the location (Zagreb — 1).

At the station of Zagreb -3 there is no more significant inter-annual variations in exceedance. In

this location the corrected measurement data of the non reference automatic method is presented

for 2013 and 2014, while for the years 2015 and 2016 the results of the corrected gravimetric

measurement presented. The corrected measurement data for the non-reference automatic

method at the station of Zagreb — 3 for the four years period indicate a significant interannual

variability not shown by the same sign as in Zagreb 1.

At Osite-1 location there is a very small change in the annual concentration and the exceedance

number has an interannual variability.

Sis-1 is all data related to gravimetric measurements. For the 2013-2016 period, the

measurement data of the non-reference automated method at sites of Osite-1 and Kutin-1 have

been corrected with corrective functions. For Ositd-1 the corrective functions from becoming

Zagreb 1 were used and for Kutin-1 the correction functions have been used with Sisak-1.

The data for Sisak-1 location show strong inter-annual variability, i.e. there is no clear trend.


80

For the location of Kutina-1 the data shows a significant increase in the exceedance of the GV

during 2015 and 2016, and an excess over the GV for PM 10 annual concentrations.

PM 2.5 concentration

At the Slavonski Brodo-1 measurement site, reference is made to the extremely exceeding the

PM 2,5 limit values.The corrected automatic zero measurement data gives a somewhat higher

value than the measurement by the gravimetric method in years 2015 and 2016 as can be seen in

the figure below. PM 2.5 measurements which were started on the Velika Gorica site in May

2015 proved to be exceeded by the GV in 2016 and an action plan has yet to be drawn up for the

site.

Concentrations B (a) P to PM 10

Annual concentrations B (a) P at the sites of Zagreb — 1 and Sisak-1 show an increase from

2013 to 2015, followed by a decline in 2016. At the location in Zagreb, 3 measurements were

started in June 2014 and concentrations also show a decline in 2016. In the locations Zagreb —

1 and Sisak-1, the changes in annual concentration B (a) P to PM 10 do not follow the changes in

the annual PM 10 concentration.

No concentration of NO 2

However, 2 was exceeded by only one of the stations used for reporting to the European

Commission. The annual NO 2 concentration was above the limit at the station Zagreb — 1 in

2015 and 2016, while in 2014 the border was at the border (40 ones in the bar; ag/m 3).Due to

insufficient coverage of 2015 data, the mean annual NO concentration of the NO 2 shall not be

reported.On the plot shown, the concentration values show a small variation around the limit

value.

Benzene (C6H6)

Benzene is only exceeded by one of the stations used for reporting to the EC, i.e. Sisak-1. In all

years, the coverage was below 90 %.In 2016, due to too little coverage of the data (20 %) and

the mean annual concentration is not shown. In 2013 and 2015, the coverage of the data was


81

86 % and in 2014 it was 81 %.Intermediate annual average benzene concentrations increased

significantly in 2015, the first and the only year with a return to benzene declaration.

Ozone (O 3)

In the period 2013-2016 there has been an increase in the number of measurement stations

where data on ground-level ozone have been exceeded. The maximum coverage of the data over

the four period of the period shall be measured in agglomerations of Rijeka and Zagreb, which

show a strong inter-annual variability of the exceedances for ground-level ozone. At rural

stations (Demić, Parg, Hum, Women’s crab), despite the coverage of less than 90 % in some

years, the number of gaps the CV exceeds the allowed number.

As seen in Figure, the number of exceedances of ozone is generated by a significant inter-annual

variability. The reported annual number of exceedances is also affected by the coverage of some

stations of less than 90 % during the summer period when any exceedances of targets occur. The

values of the triannual mean number of exceedance days CV is also affected by the coverage of

the data.

The coverage of rural stations data also affects the three-year average, as there is a possibility

that there may not be some exceedances. However, level of the ground surface


82

ozone in summer in rural areas of continental Croatia (HR 1), particularly coastal Croatia (HR

3, HR 4, HR 5) is so high that even in cases where the coverage of the data is below 90 % in the

summer season, there are more than 25 gaps in the CV.

Describe where

appropriate the

current transboundary

impact of domestic

emission sources on

ambient air quality in

neighbouring Member

States (M):

SO 2 — S

3.3 CURRENT (CURRENT) CROSS-BORDER IMPACT OF DOMESTIC EMISSION SOURCES

This section provides information on the overall transboundary impact of national emissions on the other EU

members and vice versa.

Table 2.4.3 shows the current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources.

2.4.3Current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources (M, where applicable)

Each country contributes to cross border pollution, with the greatest impact on

neighbouring countries. Country-specific reports drawn up by the Norwegian

Meteorological Institute give an overview of the transboundary contamination of the main

pollutants, ozone and particulate matter and form an integral part of the EP “Status

Report”.The quantification of individual States’ contribution to transboundary pollution is

based on the original calculations, which are carried out using the EMEP of the uniform

model. The data input for the model shall be the emission data as well as meteorological

data and modelling results shall be reported, inter alia, for SO 2, NO x and NH 3.

Many countries contribute to the pollution in Croatia. In transboundary movements of

sulphur compounds and final settlement in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the

neighbouring Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina has the largest contribution while Italy

is the largest contributor to pollution caused by nitrogen compounds (NO x, NH 3).

The share of cross-border precipitation in the total settlement indicates that almost all

settled NO X throughout its territory comes from outside the borders of Croatia. As regards

SO, the largest share of cross-border precipitation was recorded in eastern Croatia and

Dalmatia. Gorski Kotar and Dalmatia are areas where large cross-border contribution (90

and more) has been identified in the total NPH 3 deposition.

Where quantitative data

are used to describe the

result of the assessment,

provide the data and

methodologies used to

carry out the assessment

referred to above:


83

512 kt/year

For a quantitative analysis, the report used is: Norwean Meteorological Institute: Transfers

by main pollutant (S, N, O 3) and PM Croatia, Croatia, 2014.

OX N

218

218 kt/year 91 %

9 %

240 kg/a

240 kt/year

ROW N

136 kt/year

204 kt/year

33 %

204 kt/year

272 kt/year

OX + RED N

422 kt/year

354 kt/year

80 %

20 %

444 kt/year


84

4Provide for the assumption of a presumption of the NO BUDE

AMENDMENTS TO EVIĆ DONESED PAM

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.5.‘revised further evolution’ change to already adopted policies

and measures’.

An overview of the level of ambition that Croatia can achieve is given with a view to improving the reduction

of air pollution.

The list and the description of the measures are based on the Implementation Report on the PAM programme

to reduce emissions and an increase in sinks of greenhouse gases (HATP, 2017), with the addition of

measures relating only to pollutant emissions and the removal of measures relating only to greenhouse gas

emissions.

PMH is subject to the following sectors:

• energy;

• turnover,

• manufacturing processes and product use,

• waste;

• agriculture;

• other (Inter-service) PAM.

The European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), as a common EU, is a supranational measure, is a cross-

cutting measure with other (cross-sectoral) PAM.

Table 4-1 presents an overview in Annex 1 to the Programme, the descriptions currently used and PAM, the

impact of which was integrated in the scenario with the existing measures (WM scenario).

By definition (Para 11, UNFCCC, 2016, quoted in EMU GB 2016):

- the measures applied are those for which:

a) the national legal framework was adopted;

b) Or one or more voluntary agreements is established;

c) Or the allocated financial resources are allocated;

d) Or the human resources are mobilised;

- the measures adopted are those for which formal national decisions are available and there is a

clear commitment to continue towards implementation.


85

Table 4-1: Overview of the adopted and applied PAM whose impact was integrated in the scenario with the existing measures (WM scenario)

Name and short description (below

table) of the individual PAM or the PAM

package:

For which pollutant (s) the pollutant is

affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as a

component of PM2.5, other

(e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG):

Objectives of the individual PAM or PAM:

Type (s) For

PAM:

Primary and, where

appropriate, secondary sector (s) affected:

Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the applicati

on of:

Application body (s) responsible for the

application: Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate

Type Name

MEN-1: National plan for

increasing the number of pre-

vo-zero energy buildings All pollutants, CO 2

improving the performance of

buildings, increasing renewable

energy

regulatory, economic, planning

energy consumption,

energy supply applied 2014 National authorities

Ministry of Construction and Physical

Planning

MEN-2: Energy renovation

programme for multi-

residential buildings All pollutants, CO 2

improving the performance of


energy economy energy consumption,



Planning Environmental Protection and Energy


Science and Arts MEN-3: A programme to

increase energy efficiency and

use of renewable energy sources

in commercial non-residential

buildings

All pollutants, CO 2 improving the performance of




Ministry of Environment and Energy,




Science and Arts


programme for family houses All pollutants, CO 2 improving the performance of





Planning The Ministry of Regional Development and

EU Funds, Environmental Protection and Energy


Science and Arts


programme for public buildings All pollutants, CO 2 improving the performance of






Efficiency Fund; Legal Transport and Mediation Agency

MEN-6: Public sector energy

governance All pollutants, CO 2 improving efficiency in

services/tertiary sector,

demand/reduction management

regulatory energy consumption applied 2014 National authorities Legal and real estate agency, National

Energy Efficiency Coordination Body

MEN-7: Energy consumption

measurement and information

statement All pollutants, CO 2 demand side

management/reduction regulatory, information energy consumption applied 2014 National

authorities Ministry of Environment and Energy,

Energy Distributors

MEN-8: Energy labelling of

household appliances All pollutants, CO 2 stage e Efficiency of devices regulatory, information energy consumption applied 2014 National

authorities Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy

MEN-9: Eco-design of energy-

using products All pollutants, CO 2 stage e Efficiency of devices regulatory, information energy consumption applied 2013 National



86



package:


affected: SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, BC as

a component of PM2.5, other (e.g.

Hg, dioxins, GHG):


Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:

Application body (s) responsible for the application:

Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate Type Name

MEN-10: Promoting energy efficiency and the implementation of measures through the energy services model

All pollutants, CO 2

the morbidity of buildings efficiency of buildings; improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector; efficiency improvement in the insd in end use branches

it energy consumption

applied 2007 National authorities

National Energy Efficiency Authority ESCO company

MEN-11: Energy poverty reduction programme


heating of buildings efficiency of buildings; the morbidity of the device, demand side management/reduction

economic, regulatory

energy consumption

adopted 2017 National authorities

Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Demography, Family, Youth and Social Policy; Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts MEN-12: Energy

efficiency education All pollutants, CO 2 demand side management/reduction educators

energy consumption


Croatian Employment Service; Agency for Vocational Education and Adult Education

MEN-13: National energy efficiency programme in public lighting

All pollutants, CO 2 improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector economy

energy consumption


Ministry of Environment and Energy, National Coordination Body for Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Energy Efficiency Fund and EU funds

MEN-14: Green public procurement

All pollutants, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O

improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector, the morbidity of efficiency of appliances;

increasing renewable energy, improving

efficiency of vehicles

regulatory

energy consumption, supply energy, Transport


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Central Government Office for Central Public Procurement; National Energy Efficiency Authority

MEN-15: Industry energy audits


efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use, demand side management/reduction

regulatory, information

energy consumption, energy supply


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts MEN-16: Industrial

Energy Efficiency Network (MIEE)


efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use, demand side management/reduction

voluntary energy consumption, energy supply


The Croatian Chamber of Commerce, National Energy Efficiency Authority Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts

MEN-17: Increasing the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the industrial sector


efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use, demand/reduction management;

increasing renewable energy

economy energy consumption, energy supply


Ministry of Environment and Energy, National Coordination Body for Energy Efficiency, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts


87



package:




Hg, dioxins, GHG):


Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:



MEN-18: Feed-in-tariffs and premium schemes to support the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation and for high-efficiency cogeneration

All pollutants, CO 2 increasing renewable

energy economic, regulatory


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Croatian Energy Market Operator

MEN-19: Energy efficiency programme in heating and cooling


heating of buildings efficiency of buildings; reducing losses, improving efficiency in the energy sector and transformation

economic, regulatory, information

energy consumption, energy supply

adopted 2016 National authorities

Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning

MEN-20: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency via HBOR;


increasing renewable energy, improving efficiency in industrial sectors of end use

economy energy

consumption, energy supply


Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development

MEN-21: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund


increase in renewable energy, morbidity of buildings, the morbidity of the device, improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector, efficiency gains in industrial sectors of end use; demand/reduction management; fuel efficiency of the vehicle, modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport, alternative fuels/electric cars, demand/reduction management; improved behaviour

economic, regulatory

energy consumption, supply energy, Transport


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund

MEN-22: CO2 emission tax for stationary sources not in EU ETS

All pollutants, CO 2 increasing renewable energy, switch to less C-intensive fuels

tax energy consumption, energy supply


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Finance, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund


88



package:






Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:



MEN-23: Revitalisation and

energy efficiency of existing

thermal plants and

hydroelectric power stations


increasing renewable energy,

reducing losses, improving

efficiency in the energy sector and

transformation, installation of anti-pollution

techniques

voluntary, regulatory energy supply applied 2014 Others HEP-Generation d.o.o.

MEN-24: Reconstruction and

restoration of the spindle and

steam; All pollutants, CO 2 reducing losses, improving


transformation

regulatory, economy energy supply applied 2014 Others HEP-Toplinarstvo d.o.o.

MEN-25: Operation of the

electricity system and

development of the transmission

and distribution network

All pollutants, CO 2 increasing renewable energy,

reducing losses, improving


transformation

economic, regulatory energy supply applied 2014 Others Croatian Transmission System Operator,

General Distribution System Operator

MEN-26: Reduction in VOC

emissions from petrol loading

motor vehicles at service

stations

NMVOC, CO 2 reduction of losses, installation of

techniques to reduce pollution economic, regulatory

Energy, fugitive

emissions (fugitive); applied 2012 National authorities

Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy

MEN-27: Reduction of

emissions of volatile organic

compounds due to the storage

and distribution of petrol

NMVOC, CO 2 reduction of losses, installation of

techniques to reduce pollution economic, regulatory

Energy, fugitive

emissions applied 2007 National authorities


MEN-28: Quality control of

petroleum derived fuels SO 2, NMVOC other energy supply economic,

regulatory energy applied 2002 National authorities


MEN-29: Limitation of

pollutant emissions from non-

road mobile machinery Co, VOC, NOx, PM 25, PM 10 installation of anti-pollution

techniques regulatory turnover applied 2008 National authorities State Office of Metrology

MTR-1: Consumer information

on fuel economy and emissions Co 2 new passenger cars

All pollutants, CO 2 improved efficiency of vehicles,

alternative fuels/electric cars,

improved behaviour it turnover applied 2007 National



89



package:




Hg, dioxins, GHG):


Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:



MTR-2: Driver training for road vehicles

All pollutants, CO 2 improved behaviour educational turnover applied 2011 National authorities

Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund; National Energy Efficiency Authority

MTR-3: Obligation to use transport biofuels All pollutants, CO 2 alternative fuels/electric

cars

regulatory, economic, tax

turnover applied 2010 National authorities


MTR-4: Special environmental compensation for motor vehicles


improved vehicle efficiency, alternative fuel/electric cars, improved behaviour

tax; economy


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Finance, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts MTR-5: Special tax on

motor vehicles All pollutants, CO 2

improved vehicle efficiency, alternative fuel/electric cars, improved behaviour

tax; economy


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Finance

MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of hybrid and electric vehicles

All pollutants, CO 2 fuel efficiency of the vehicle, alternative fuel/electric cars

economy turnover applied 2014 National authorities


MTR-7: Alternative fuels infrastructure developments

All pollutants, CO 2 alternative fuels/electric cars

regulatory, economy

turnover applied 2014

National authorities; Regional authorities; Local authorities

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning Ministry of Finance Ministry of the Interior Local and regional self-government units, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts

MTR-8: Promoting integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternative fuels in urban areas


alternative fuels/electric cars, milled morbidity of transport infrastructure, modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport

planning turnover applied 2014


Ministry of Environment and Energy, the local and regional self-government units, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Academy of Science and Arts


90



package:




Hg, dioxins, GHG):


Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:



MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of liquid fuels

All pollutants, CO 2 alternative fuels/electric cars regulatory turnover applied 2012

National authorities

Ministry of Environment and Energy, Croatian Environmental and Nature Agency

MTR-10: Prevention and control of emissions into air from ships

SOx, NOx, VOC, ozone-depleting substances

other transport regulatory turnover applied 2005 National authorities

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Ministry of the protection of the environment and energy MTR-11: Limitation of

pollutant emissions from road vehicles

Co, VOC, NOx, PM

2.5, PM 10

deployment of emission reduction technologies on vehicles, improvement of the performance of vehicles

regulatory turnover applied 2008 National authorities

State office for metrology

MIP-1: Reduction of VOC emissions to the sector of use of products containing solvents

NMVOC, CO 2 Reduce emissions economic, regulatory

manufacturing processes and product use



MAG-7: Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020

CH 4, N 2 O

other actions improving agricultural land management, improving grazing activities, other farming

regulatory, economy

agriculture applied 2018 National authorities

Ministry of Agriculture; Paying Agency for Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development

MW-1: Prevention and reduction of municipal solid waste

NMVOC, PM 2,5, CH 4

demand/reduction management; reducing landfilling

control impurities based on source; economy instruments, regulatory instruments, education, planning

waste/waste management applied 2013


MZOIP JRS/City of Zagreb and big cities JLS

MW-2: Increase of separately collected and recycled urban solid waste

NMVOC, PM 2,5, CH,

demand/reduction management; increased recycling, reduction of landfilling

control impurities based on source; economy instruments, regulatory instruments





91



package:




Hg, dioxins, GHG):


Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:



MW-3: Flaring and NMVOC incineration NMVOCs and CH,

improved treatment technologies, improved management of landfill

economy instruments, regulatory instruments




MW-4: Reduction of the amount of biodegradable solid municipal solid waste deposited

NMVOC, PM 2,5, NH

3, CH,

increased recycling, improved treatment technologies, reduction of landfilling

control impurities based on source; regulatory instruments




MW-5: Biogas use for electricity and heat production

CO 2, CH, improved processing technologies

economy instruments, regulatory instruments




MCC-1: Cross-sectoral Coordination Commission for PAM: mitigation and adaptation to climate change

all greenhouse gases multi-sectoral policy regulatory intermediate sectoral


Ministry of Environment and Energy, competent ministries

MCC-2: System for measuring and verifying energy savings

Co 2 pollutants energy consumption, transport; production of energy

it, regulatory

intermediate sectoral


National Energy Efficiency Authority

MCC-3: Promoting the use of innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Co 2 pollutants multi-sectoral policy it intermediate sectoral


Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature

MCC-4: European Emissions Trading System

Co 2, N2O, pollutants

energy production, energy consumption, industrial processes

economy intermediate sectoral


European Commission, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Croatian Environmental and Nature Agency MCC-5: Use of

proceeds from the sale of an auction within the EU ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

all greenhouse gases, pollutants multi-sectoral policy economy

intermediate sectoral




92



package:






Type (s) For PAM:

Primary and, where


Status (applied

/adopted):

Start the

application of:



MCC-6: Preparation Feasibility studies with an

action plan for preparatory

activities for CCS projects in

the Republic of Croatia Conducting interdisciplinary

research into the potential of

geological storage of CO 2 in the

Republic of Croatia

CO 2 multi-sectoral policy planning intermediate sectoral planned 2018 National authorities;


MCC-7: Energy efficiency

obligation scheme CO 2, all pollutants

energy consumption, energy

production, transport economy intermediate sectoral adopted 2018 National authorities;


MCC-8: Environmental permits All pollutants installation of pollution abatement

techniques, multi-sectoral policy economic, regulatory

Energy,

manufacturing

processes and

product use,

agriculture (farms); waste (landfills)

applied 2014 National authorities;


MCC-9: Emission tax SO2 and NOx for individual

sources SO 2, NOx multi-sectoral policy economic,

regulatory

Energy,

manufacturing

processes and

product use



MCC-10: Identification and

control of air pollutant emission

limits from stationary sources All pollutants multi-sectoral policy

control impurities based on source; economic, regulatory

Energy,

manufacturing

processes and

product use




93

Please indicate the related uncertainties for the

projections of the WFP in order to meet the emission

reduction commitments for 2020, 2025 and 2030

onwards:

4.1 EMISSION PROJECTIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION (WM SCENARIO)

This chapter provides an overview of projections of emissions for 2020, 2025 and 2030 with the use of the

existing measures (the WIM scenario) for SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3 and PM 2, 5.

Existing PAM included in the WM for the scenario are listed in Table 4-1 in Table 4- with a section

description of Annex 1.

In Table 2.5.1, the subsequent emission projections and the decrease for the WM scenario are in Table.

The uncertainty of the WM is related to GDP growth, the

impact of the temperature change on energy for heating and

cooling, hydrology in hydroelectric power generation and the

development of agriculture22, which is described below.

GDP growth

In all scenarios analysed, GDP growth by 2050 was assumed

to be 1.66 % on average by 2050, representing a nominal

increase compared to 2010 by 78 % (median scenario).In an

optimistic macroeconomic scenario, Croatia’s economy is

expected to grow at an average annual rate of 2.15 % (the

demographic projection remains the same as in the headline

scenario) by 2050. The resulting increase in real GDP per

capita by 2050 is around 138 % compared to 2012. It leads to

a faster closing of the development gap in comparison to the

EU average. For example, in an optimistic scenario Croatia

will reach 91 % of the EU average development level by

2050. On the other hand, the pessimistic macroeconomic

scenario represented an average annual growth rate of 0.8 %,

as well as a 44 % cumulative growth in real GDP per capita

by 2050. Such growth is expected to be slower than the

growth of the EU as a whole, and Croatia’s real per capita

income from today’s 60 % of the EU average would drop to

55 %.

22Expert substrates for the development of the Low Carbon Strategy for Croatia for the period up to 2030 with an outlook to 2050, a Green Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP) and on the building on the strategy for a low-carbon development in Croatia for the period up to 2030, with an outlook to 2050, the White Paper, 2015./2017 (MZOIP);

2.5.1Emission projections and emissions reduction (WM scenario)

Pollutant (M): Total emissions (kt) consistent with

inventories For the year x-3 (M):

Projection% emission

reduction achieved in

relation to 2005 (M): Emission

reduction

commitment for

2020-2029 (%)

(M):

Obligation reduced I emission

from 2030

(%) (M):

20

05

Ba

se

yea

r:

O CJ o CJ 2

02

5: o

o CJ

O rj o rj 2

02

5 o

o CJ

SO2 58,72 10,08 9,71 9,38 82,83 83,47 84,02 55 83 Calculation 84,46 41,09 36,58 33,58 51,35 56,69 60,24 31 57 NMVOC 117,02 51,68 49,09 47,62 55,84 58,05 59,30 34 48 NH3 42,21 33,53 34,08 35,59 20,57 19,26 15,68 1 25 PM2,5 40,85 18,53 16,95 15,55 54,63 58,49 61,94 18 55


94

The impact of the temperature change on energy for heating and cooling

Temperature change will impact on reducing the heating

demand, but the other side will increase the cooling demand.

The aim of climate policy is to maintain the global

temperature increase within 2 °C.This implies an increase by

around 1 °C until 2050.

In terms of heating demand. Internal design temperatures in

buildings are, in most cases, 20 °C, but temperatures of

heated spaces are maintained at temperatures up to 24 °C. in

addition to the assumptions made, the reduction in the

heating required for heating in the continental part of Croatia

could be between 7,7 and 11.3 %, and in the coastal part

Croatia is between 12,7 and 24.2 %.

Cooling needs. In contrast to the heating demand, there was

no such a dependence of the primary cooling demand in

relation to the outside air temperature, given that the impact

of heat gains due to the solar radiation is predominant here.

At this point in time, it is not possible to assess the impact of

the outdoor temperature change on cooling purposes. It can

only be estimated how the impact will be less pronounced

than for the heating demand.

Other impacts on energy. Variations in temperature, rainfall,

wind power will affect the production of renewable energy

sources. These impacts need to be quantified and integrated

in the operational planning, particularly at regional and local

level where major differences can be found.

Hydrology in the production of electricity hydro Power Plant

Depending on hydrology, the production from large

hydropower plants varies from 4 TWh to 8 TWh. This is

20 % or 40 % of total electricity production in the Republic

of Croatia.

Cycles of dry and wet years can last and for several years, the

electricity sector emissions can vary considerably. The lack

of production from hydropower plants is supplemented by

increased production from thermal power stations or by

increased imports.

Developing agriculture

Small holdings are characterised by agriculture in Croatia.

The average family economy accounts for only 2 hectares.

According to the 2003 list of agriculture, only 20 % of

cultivated land is privately owned with an average of 159

hectares. The situation in the beef sector is also similar: 96 %

of all milk producers have only 15 cows, while 90 % of the

pigs are based on 200.000 small farms, with 170.000 farms in

possession of less than 10 pigs. Such fragmentation and the

old populations faster development. Agriculture will

therefore change slowly, posing a challenge from the

emission point of view.

Graphic representations of projections of emissions and emission reductions for the WM scenario

are listed below. SO 2


95

Figure 4-1Historical trend and projections of the SO 2 emissions for the WM scenario

The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and so that the SO 2 emission reduction

commitments are expected to be met for both periods. In 2016, emissions are 44.3 % below the level of the

2020 reduction commitment, and the continued operation is expected to add a reduction, albeit at a

significantly lower pace than in the 2005-2016 period. From 2020 to 2030 a further reduction of 2 SO in WM is

expected, leading to a reduction of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the

WTM scenario. The main impact on emission reductions shall have fuel switching measures and application of

desulphurisation technologies in the energy transformation sector.

Calculation

Figure 4-2Historical trend and NOX emission projections for the WM scenario

Projections show that the quota is expected to be met and the commitments to reduce NOX emissions are

expected to be met. Emissions in 2016 are already 6.6 % below the level of the 2020 reduction commitment,

and the continuation of measures, primarily in the transport sector, is expected to decrease. Between 2020 and

2030, a further 18.3 % emission reduction is expected in the WM for the scenario, leading to a decrease of

3.9 % of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the WTM scenario. The main

impact on the reduction of emissions is the application of measures to reduce permitted emission limits for

vehicles, the use of alternative fuels in the transport sector, greater use of public transport and bicycles and

intermodal transport. NH 3

Historic trend ------ Kvta, since 2010 Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029 Commitment, since 2030

------ Historic trend ------ Kvta, since 2010 Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029 Commitment, since 2030


96

Figure 4-3Historical trend and projections of NH 3 emissions for the WM for scenarios

In the historical period, the trend is above the 30 KT quota in 2016 by 16.2 % below the level of the national

reduction commitment for 2020. The projections in the WEM scenario show that the commitments to meet the

emission reduction commitments of NH 3 in 2020 are expected to be met. However, as the main emission

source NH 3 is the agricultural sector in which the number of livestock is expected to increase, a significant

further emission reduction in the WM scenario is not expected. Emissions are expected to grow by 6 %

between 2020 and 2030, leading to an increase of 12 % in 2030 in relation to the commitment in 2030.

NMVOC

Figure 4-4Historical trend and projections of NMVOC emissions projections for the WM scenario

Projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the reduction commitments for NMVOC

emissions are expected. Emissions in 2016 are already 9.5 % below the level of the 2020 reduction

commitment, and the continuation of measures, primarily in the household sector, is expected to decrease.

Between 2020 and 2030, a further 7.8 % emission reduction is expected in the WM for the scenario, leading to

a decrease of 21.7 % of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the WTM

scenario. The main effect on emissions reduction is the application of energy renovation measures for houses

leading to a reduction in firewood use for heating and to replace inefficient furnaces. The process of

manufacturing processes and the use of solvents is expected to constitute a dominant source of NMVOC

emissions that will result in only a minor decrease. PM2,5

Historic trend ------- Kvta, since 2010

Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029

Commitment, since 2030

------- Historic trend ------- Kvta, since 2010

Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029

Commitment, since 2030


97

Figure 4-5Historical trend and PM 2,5 projections for the WM scenario

Projections show how the quota is expected to be met and the commitments to reduce PM 2 emissions are

expected to be 5.Emissions in 2016 are already 45 % below the level of the 2020 reduction commitment, and

the continuation of measures, primarily in the household sector, is expected to decrease. Between 2020 and

2030, a further 16.1 % emission reduction is expected in the WM for the scenario, leading to a decrease of

15.4 % of emissions in 2030 below the level of the 2030 reduction commitment in the WTM scenario. The

main effect on emissions reduction is the application of energy renovation measures for houses leading to a

reduction in firewood use for heating and to replace inefficient conventional furnaces.

PM 10

Figure 4-6Historical trend and PM 10 projections for the WM scenario

For PM 10, no reduction commitments have been set and the trend and causes of emissions correspond to those

for PM 2 emissions 5.

4.1.1 METHODOLOGY AND MODELS AND ASSUMPTIONS FOR PROJECTIONS

(WM SCENARIO)

This chapter describes the methodology used to generate the projections for the WM and the WAM scenario.

The key assumptions and the related uncertainties of the WM for the scenario are given in tables P 2-1 to P 2-

12 of Annex 2 of the Programme.

Historic trend ----- Kvta, since 2010 Session with Commitments (WM) scenario from 2020 to 2029 Commitment, since 2030

Historical trend Scenario with measures (WM)


98

Details of methodology/models used to

determine impact; The NSPCRO model was used to generate the projections through the

LEADER (LEADER) software package. Long Range Energy Alternatives

Planning System.

The LEAP software package for the energy and transport forecasts needs

a model for the energy sector in Croatia, which uses specific

methodologies and additional tools for the different categories in the

energy sector. Thus, for the purposes of detailed modelling of the

development and optimisation of the electricity system, a more advanced

model was used, the results of which are integrated into the energy sector

model. In the preparation of projections for sectors product processes and

use processes and the use of products, Waste processes and agriculture

have been developed by engineering simulation models ‘bottom-up’,

‘bottom-up’ data types and individual emission sources, and calculate

greenhouse gas emissions as well as pollutant emissions. The standard

methods, procedures and structures have been used to this effect, in line

with the inventory of the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change and the LRTAP Convention. Technical bases ‘2006

IPCC Guidelines for National GHG’ and ‘2016 EMEP/EEA Air pololut

Emission Inventory Guidelines have been used: Technical Guidance:

steam National Emission inventories. Sector-specific models are also

integrated into the NUSPCRO model.

The NUSPCRO model allows for accounting of greenhouse gas (GHG)

and pollutant emissions, and techno- economic indicators that incorporate

all sectors, and the output data of models is structured according to the

emission framework convention under the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Long-Range

Transboundary Air Pollution. The estimates were made up to 2030, and

indicatively until 2050, with a step no longer than one year.

State the key assumptions and associated

uncertainties Annex 2 Programme:

Table 5-1: Assumptions for projections — Energy and Transport; Table

5-2: Assumptions for projections — Production processes and use of the

product Table 5-3: Assumptions for projections — Agriculture Table 5-4: Assumptions for projections — Waste Table 5-5 Projections for projections — general parameters Table 5-6: Projection parameters — energy: total fuel consumption,

electricity production, ‘with measures’ scenario Table 5-7: Projection parameters — energy: final (end-use) energy

consumption Table 5-8: Projection parameters — climate Table 5-9: Projection parameters — industry Table 5-10: Parameters for projections — traffic Table 5-11: Projection parameters — agriculture Table 5-12: Projection parameters — Waste

The related uncertainties are shown below.


99

4.1.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECTIONS

In addition to sensitivity analysis depending on hydrological conditions, a sensitivity analysis was performed

and for other parameters that are essential for the electricity system. The sensitivity to change in the following

parameters was analysed:

• for the WM scenario:

the constant price of allowances at EUR 15/EUA, instead of price increases such as in the EU

Reference Scenario 2016;

on the constant price of allowances at EUR 15/EUA rather than price increases such as in the EU

reference scenario 2016, net imports up to 30 % of electricity, instead of scenario without net

importation (excluding Krško nuclear power plant);

An examination of the analysis is given in Table 4-2 and Figure 4-7.

Table 4-2: Review of the sensitivity analysis

Scenario in relation to

which the projection

sensitivity is analysed Changed engine parameters

Impact on pollutant emissions

WM

The constant price

prices of allowances

at EUR 15/EUA,

instead of price

increases such as in

the EU Reference

Scenario 2016,

Maintaining the price of EU ETS allowances at a constant level of EUR

15/EUA leads to higher pollutant emissions due to the higher operation

of a fossil fuel power plant. Emissions In 2030, 2were 4.7 % higher than the WM scenario. In year 2040 and 2050 the difference is below 0.3 %.The SO 2 shows

an increase in NOx emissions by 0.5 % in 2030, by 2.9 % in 2040 and

by 6.7 % in 2050 with respect to the WM scenario. There are also

higher emissions and NMVOC by 0.2 % in 2030 and 2040 and by 1.0 %

in 2050.

Figure 4-7Emission sensitivity analysis with respect to the WM scenario


100

4.2 WAM AND PROJECTS AND PROJECTS OF NON-CONFORMITY (Design for the

number of non-conforming zones and compliant zones for the AardD pollutant)

Table 2.5.2 shows the projections on ambient air quality (WM) and a degree of harmonisation (M).

As part of the table in Section 2.5.2.1, a Qualitative description of the improvement of air quality

improvement is further specified.

2.5.2Air quality improvement forecast (WM) and projection of degree of harmonisation (M)

2.5.2. Qualitative description of the improvement of air quality

improvements Provide a qualitative

description of the

projections for

improvements in air

quality and

projections for

further development

of the degree of

alignment with the

EU air quality

objectives for NO 2,

PM 10, PM 2,5 and O

3 values and any

other pollutant

pollutants

(substances) up to

2020, 2025 and 2030

(M):

Give a full reference

(chapter and page) to

support publicly

available datasets

(e.g. Air Quality

Plans, resource

allocation) describing

the projection of

improvements and

further developing a

degree of

harmonisation (M):

Information on scenarios of implementation of the action plans (eReporting System J

form) is given in each of the action plans in the teaching tables.

Action plan for the reduction of PM 10 emissions from the Gone Kutina Pollutant

substance 2015

Reporting year:

2016 2017

PM n

The analysis, i.e. the data budget,

came to the conclusion that the

application of measures aimed at

reducing energy consumption will

lead to 50 t/year reductions of PM10

emissions by 2020.

effectiveness.

Comment: Data for the projection

scenario are derived from a

phasing-out programme for specific

pollutants in the Republic of Croatia

for the period up to the end of 2010,

with emission projections for the

period 2010.

2020, and

Family house’s energy renovation

programme for the period 2014-

2020For a more detailed budget for

reducing household emissions, it is

necessary to set out in detail

a survey/survey to determine the

actual consumption of energy

products (gas, wood) in households.

The analysis, i.e. the data budget,

came to the conclusion that the

application of measures aimed at

reducing energy consumption will

lead to 50 t/year reductions of PM10

emissions by 2020.

effectiveness.

Comment: Data for the projection

scenario are derived from a phasing-

out programme for specific


for the period up to the end of 2010,

with emission projections for the

period 2010.

2020, and

Family house’s energy renovation

programme for the period 2014-

2020For a more detailed budget for

reducing household emissions, it is

necessary to set out in detail

a survey/survey to determine the

actual consumption of energy

products (gas, wood) in households.

No data

Action plan on particulate pollution (PM 10) for the City of Osijek

Reporting year:


101

PM n

No data

Pollutant substance

Reporting year:

2015 2016 2017

PM n

No data There are no scenarios.

Effectiveness of the implementation

of the prescribed reduction

measures

PM10 particulate concentrations

shall be monitored on the automatic

measuring cells set at

the town of Sisak. The action plan

shall be in place until the air

quality category of PMw is reached

as well as the air quality category.

There are no scenarios.

Effectiveness of the implementation

of the prescribed reduction

measures

PM10 particulate concentrations

shall be monitored on the

automatic measuring cells set at

the town of Sisak. The action plan

will be implemented until I arrive

from the air quality category at the

concentration of PM w PM.

Pollutant substance

PM2.5

Scenario with measures is higher in

all of the observed years than the

scenario. In 2020, this difference is

48 %.This is due to the planned

increase in the biomass share in the

end-use sectors. The biomass

fraction in Industry is planned; and

construction (looking only at

subsectors

characterised as essential), they

increased 9,6 times in 2020 in the

sector, with an increase in the

emission of particles from these

sectors by 4,8 times.

Scenario with measures is higher in

all of the observed years than the

scenario. In 2020, this difference is

48 %.This is due to the planned

increase in the biomass share in the

end-use sectors. The biomass

fraction in Industry is planned; and

construction (looking only at

subsectors

characterised as essential), they

increased 9,6 times in 2020 in the

sector, with an increase in the

emission of particles from these

sectors by 4,8 times.

Action plan to reduce the PM 10 concentration in the area

city of Sisak Air quality improvement action plan for

Slavonski Brod

reporting year: 2017

The baseline emissions reduction scenario is the energy renovation of family homes. The

application of energy efficiency measures and the use of combustion plants to low emission wood

are intended to reduce emissions during the heating season.

This scenario is based on the application to households of energy efficiency measures using

conventional wood stoves. A shift from conventional to energy efficient stoves is possible to

reduce the emission of boilers by 50 %.The transition from conventional to ‘eco-label’ stoves can

reduce the emission of boilers by 87 %.This calculation is based on EMEP/EEA emission factors.

Assume that energy renovation will cover 20 % of the households using heating wood that can

expect an emission reduction

Pollutant substance

2015 2016 2017


102

analysis

PM 1

1

BaP (PM o)

Households sector by 10 % to 17°%, which will ultimately lead to a reduction of PM25 concentration of about

1,5 pg/m 3.

The contamination of particles in the Slavonski Brod area is significantly affected by regional and

transboundary air pollution. High background concentration means that there is a need to achieve a strong

reduction in local emissions, notably from the combustion of wood in local plants, in order to achieve a limit

value for PM2,5. The measures of this Action Plan aim at cost-effective targeting of energy recovery in the

Slavonski Brod area by promoting those energy efficiency measures which make the most of ‘savings’ in

particulate emissions. The dynamics of energy renovation performance shall be determined by the available

financial means and models of their use.

At national level, the Family House Programme for the period 2014-2020 (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 43/14 and 36/15) shall be implemented at national level. As part of the

implementation of this programme, the FPS has co-financed energy renovation measures of family houses

through which better thermal protection of housing is achieved, increases the energy efficiency of heating

systems and encourages the use of renewable energy sources. The current EU model for co-financing energy

renovation of family houses applies to natural persons while the former model of financing involves units of a

local (regional) government as intermediaries between the FPS and the citizens.

Under the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion 2014— 2020 funds were provided to promote

energy efficiency and renewable energy, as well as environmental protection and resource sustainability. The

use of these funds does not allow for the direct financing of some of the measures behind the action plans, but

also in cooperation with the competent Ministry, the possibility to finance energy renovation measures aimed at

reducing emissions of particulate matter during the heating season.

Action Plan for improving air quality in the City of Zagreb

Implemented

the PM10 pollution levels show that

“local particulate pollution” should

be reduced by 3050 % in order to

meet the threshold for the daily

PM10 concentration in the City of

Zagreb. Under “local particulate

pollution”

reference is made to the

concentration level of particulate

matter which is under the influence

of direct particulate emissions

energy and

Industrial installations, households

and road transport from the town

area

Zagreb.

No data

An analysis of PM10 pollution

level shows that ‘local particulate

pollution’ should be reduced by

3050 % in order to meet the

threshold for the daily PM10

concentration in the City of Zagreb.

Under “local particulate pollution”

reference is made to the

concentration level of particulate

matter which is under the influence

of direct particulate emissions

energy and

industrial installations, households

and road transport from the City of

Zagreb. The reduction of the

emission sources of PM will also

reduce PM25 pollution in sufficient

detail to achieve limit values and

pollution B (a) P sufficiently (a) to

the extent that

Required emission reduction was

determined on the basis of analysis

daily PM10 concentration in all

stations of the City of Zagreb.

Removal of background

contamination (supply, Slovenia)

for each of the stations identified

the contribution of the local

sources. Linear extrapolation has

defined how many percentages

should be taken;

reduce local

concentration to achieve

permissible number of

overshootings (35).The PM10

emission reduction of at least 30 %

for the heating season is expected to

be reduced ;

Zagreb can achieve all measures

targeting the household sector,

services and transport. Reducing

the sources of emissions of res

PM10 will reduce

Pollutant substance

Reporting year: 2015 2016 2017


103

achieve target values.

pollution B (a) P in PM10 is also

sufficiently achieved to reach the

target.

Comment: Projections are not

quantified on the basis of emissions,

but an analysis of the number of

exceedances for the daily PM10

concentrations.

NO 2 No data No data Proposed measures they aim at : Delivering on the following

objectives: — reduction NOx emission for Not less than 5 % at Annual Level on City Zagreb — by reducing NOx

emissions by around 20 % in

urban central. Due to expected renewal of rolling stock, i.e. the

replacement of about 2 % of old

vehicles (EURO 3 old) with newer

vehicles (EURO 5, EURO 6)

expected to reduce emissions traffic that will To result in the reduction of the

urban background concentrations

. presumption that the total number

of passenger cars will not increase,

a rolling stock renewal the park that is effectively financed

by the park itself citizens, border guards values for mean annual NOx

concentration outside the narrow

centre of the city can be reached

for 2 to 5 years. In the city centre for reaching the

border NO2 values will not be reached

without additional road traffic

restrictions and the application of

the measures in the action plan.

Except emissions which have a

significant impact on exceeding the

limit value in the town centre (MP

Đorđani ) impurities within urban canyon and traffic

congestion.

Table 2.5.2.2A quantitative description of projected improvements in ambient air quality is arbitrary to the

Republic of Croatia that there is no available data to serve the same.


104

2.5.2.2Quantitative description of projected improvements in air quality Monitoring parameter Number of non-compliant air

quality zones: Number of compatible air

quality zones: Total number of air quality

zones:

Sp

ecif

y b

asic

y

ear:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Sp

ecif

y b

asic

y

ear:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Sp

ecif

y b

asic

y

ear:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

PM 2,5 (1 year): — — — — — — — — — — — — However, 2 (1 years): — — — — — — — — — — — —

PM 10 (1: ) — — — — — — — — — — — — O 3 (max. 8 hours

mean): — — — — — — — — — — — —

Other (to specify): — — — — — — — — — — — —


105

5THE POLICY OPTIONS CONSIDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION

REDUCTION COMMITMENTS FOR 2020. AND (2030), MEAN EMISSION LEVEL FOR

2025. AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.6. Policy options to comply with the emission reduction

compounds for 2020, and 2030, intermediate transmission levels for 2025, and stakeholder

consultation.

5.1 Details concerning fishing activities considered for the purpose of meeting the application of

the emissions reduction (point 2.6.1)

This section provides details of the options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction

commitments (reporting at PAM level).

Table 2.6.1 shows the details of the options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction

commitments (reporting at PAM level) (M).

The identified main needs when setting further PAM to comply with the emission reduction commitments

and the improvement of air quality are the following:

- it is necessary to ensure the continuation of measures beyond 2020, with an improvement where

necessary, in view of the fact that existing PAM has been set for the period until the end of 2020;

- reinforced synergies in the planning of PAM’s to reduce pollutant emissions and improve air

quality with PAM for reducing GHG emissions, an increase in the share of renewable energy

sources and an increase in energy efficiency;

- the measures need to be adapted and specifically planned for an area where the air quality has

been impaired.

Details of a defined “AM” “” are given under the table below.


106

The23 descriptions are reproduced below after lookout tables

2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level)

(M):

Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M)23:

On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M): SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM 2.

5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)

Individual PAM or PAM * (M) targets:

Type (s) For PAM *

(M):

Primary and where appropriate secondary sector (s) is influenced by f (M):

Period of application (M for the actions selected for application):

Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2 where appropriate

Details o methodologies used for analysis (N is \ specific models or methods) (M):

Quantify expected reductions (for individual PAM or as a range of PAM where needed (kt, annually or as a range, compared to WM scenario) (M):

Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available):

Start End Type Name 2020 2025 2030

MEN-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and energy renovation projects in buildings

NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, CH 4, SO 2, NMVOC, NH 3, CO 2

improving the performance of buildings, reducing losses, improving the efficiency of appliances

economic, fiscal; information; regulatory, education, planning

consumption energy

2019, planned, as of 2021 Impacts

2030

national authorities; regional authorities

MZOIP, MCPP

Chapter 4.1.1

—

NOx0,48 kt

PM 10: 1,17 kt

PM 2,5: 1,14 kt

SO 2: 0,08 kt

NMVOC: 1,98 kt

NH 3: 0,28 kt

NOx0,92 kt

PM 10: 2,04 kt

PM 2,5: 1,99 kt

SO 2: 0,15 kt

NMVOC: 3,27 kt

NH 3: 0,45 kt

Chapter 4.1.1

MTR-1: Integration of measures to reduce pollutant emissions in planning documents and road transport projects

NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, CH 4, SO 2, NMVOC, NH 3, CO 2

implementation of technology reduction technologies on vehicles, improvement of vehicle performance, modal shift towards public transport or non-motorised transport, alternative fuels/electric cars, demand side management/reduction, improved behaviour, improved hire of transport infrastructure, promotion of the use of bicycles

economic, fiscal; information; regulatory, education, planning

turnover

2019, planned, as of 2021 Impacts

2030

national authorities; regional authorities

MZOIP, MPPI

Chapter 4.1.1

—

NOx0,48 kt PM 10: 0,05 kt

PM 2,5: 0,03 kt

SO 2: 0,01 kt

NMVOC: 0,15 kt

NH 3: 0,02 kt

NOx0,81 kt

PM 10: 0,09 kt

PM 2,5: 0,05 kt

SO 2: 0,01 kt

NMVOC: 0,30 kt

NH 3: 0,03

kt

Chapter 4.1.1


107

2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level) (M): Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M) 27:




Type (s) For PAM *

(M):








MAG-1: Foods for cattle and pig nutrition and the quality of animal feed

NH 3, NOx, PM 10, PM

2,5, NHMVOC CH 4, N 2 O

improved governance animal health, morbidity, morbidity, morbidity, and morbidity;

economy agriculture 2018


Ministry o hopappayable de

Chapter 4.1.1

—

NOx0,01 kt

PM 10: 0,01 kt

PM 2,5: 0,00 kt

NH 3: 4,40

kt

NOx0,01 kt

PM 10: 0,02 kt

PM 2,5: 0,01 kt

NH 3: 8,55

kt

Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-2: Anaerobic digestion of manure and the production of biogas

NH 3, CH 4, N 2 O, CO 2

animal waste management systems protected

economy hopappayable yes

2018


Ministry TVO Poliopriv Redie adviser day services

Chapter 4.1.1

Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-3: Improvement livestock plant and animal waste management systems


2,5, NHMVOC, CH 4, N 2 O, CO 2

improved livestock management santy systems animal waste management


2018



Chapter 4.1.1

Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-4: Improving methods for the application of mineral fertilisers


2,5, N 2 O

reduction of mineral fertilisers on agricultural land

economic, information, planning

hopappayable yes

2020



Chapter 4.1.1

Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-5: Psychological and natural disaster protection systems


2,5, N 2 O, CO 2

the reduction of mineral fertilisers and livestock manure on agricultural land; other actions to improve agricultural land management


2018



Chapter 4.1.1

Chapter 4.1.1


108

2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level)

(M):

Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M) 27:




Type (s) For PAM *

(M):








MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species


2,5, N 2 O

the reduction of mineral fertilisers/livestock manure on agricultural land; other actions to improve agricultural land management, other agriculture

information, planning

hopappayable yes

2020


Ministry TVO Poliopriv Repayable

Chapter 4.1.1

Chapter 4.1.1

MCC-1: Support increase administrative, technical and Steering local capacity Community

NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, SO 2, NMVOC NH 3, CO 2, CH 4

Programme of support supported by LIFE Programme at local level

planning Multi — sectoral policy

2019 2030 National authorities

MZOIP — — — — —

MCC-2: Support for construction documentation to provide additional financial resources for more effective implementation of air quality action plans

NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, SO 2, NMVOC NH 3, CO 2, CH 4

Drafting a project proposal on the use of the EU Structural Funds

planning Multi — sectoral policy

2019 2030 National authorities

MZOIP — — — — —


109

2.6.1Details of PAM’s options are considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM

level) (M):


On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M):


Type (s) PAM A (M):




Details o methodologies used for analysis (N is \



SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM 2.


Start End Type Name specific models or methods) (M):

2020 2025 2030

MCC-3: Supporting research related to the planning of POM- this and monitoring their effects on emissions and air quality

NOx, PM 10, PM 2,5, SO 2, NMVOC NH 3,

Identification of cost-effective measures, and quantitative monitoring of emission reductions, air quality improvements and environmental impact

Planning, research

All sectors 2019 2025

Ministry TVA, certified CI

MZOIP, Ministry TVO science and education

Models, methods, bases data, IT Platforms

— — — —

Reply to the box marked with (*), (A) and ("greenhouse gases & Implementing Regulation

) are filled by using predefined option answers that are consistent with the reporting obligations under Regulation 525/2013 on the monitoring and reporting mechanism of Commission No 749/2014.


110

Answers coded box with (*) to be completed using the following predefined options for a response, which should be selected as appropriate (more than one objective can be

chosen, additional targets can be selected to be added and specified in “others”) (M): 1 Energy supply:

• increasing renewable energy;

• transfer to less C-intensive fuels;

• increased non-renewable low carbon production (nuclear);

• reduction of losses;

• improving efficiency in the energy sector and transformation

• the installation of pollution abatement techniques;

• other energy supply.

2 Energy consumption:

• improving the performance of buildings;

• improving the efficiency of the appliances;

• improving efficiency in services/tertiary sector,

• efficiency gains in the industrial branch of end use,

• demand/reduction management;

• the other energy consumption. 3 Transp

ort:

• emission reduction technologies for vehicles

• improving the performance of the vehicle;

• modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport;

• alternative fuels/electric cars;


• improved behaviour;

• alcoholic strength of cleared transport infrastructure;

• other transport.

4 Industrial processes:

• incorporation of pollutant abatement technologies;

• improved control of fugitive emissions from industrial processes;

• other industrial processes. 5 Waste/waste management:


• increased recycling;

• improved processing technologies;

• improved management of landfill sites;

• energy waste incineration;

• improved waste water management systems;

• a reduction in the disposal of waste;

• other waste.

6 Agriculture:

• the reduction of mineral fertilisers/livestock manure on agricultural land;

• other actions to improve agricultural land management,

• improved livestock management

• improved animal waste management systems;

• actions to advance land grazing or grassland,

• improving organic soils management;

• other farming. 7 Cross-cutting:


111


On which pollutant (s) ) substances se it affects, choose where appropriate (M): SO 2, NOx, NMVOC, NH 3, PM 2.5, BC as PM

2. 5, other (e.g. Hg, dioxins, GHG)


Type (s) of PAM * (M):



Application body (M) responsible for application (M for the actions selected for application): Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2, as appropriate

End of end Type

Na

me

Details o methodologies used for analysis (e.g. specific models or methods) (M):


Qualitative description uncertainties (M, where available): 2020 2025 2030

8

2.6.1Details of the PAM options considered to achieve compliance with emission reduction commitments (reporting at PAM level) (M):

• policy framework; • multi-sectorial policy; • other cross cutting.

Other: • Member States are required to provide a summary description of the objective. Responses to the indicated box (*) shall be completed using the following predefined options for the response, to be chosen as appropriate (more than one PAM type, the additional PAM type may be added and specified under “other”) (M):

Control of pollution based on source; Economic instruments; Fiscal instruments: Voluntary/negotiation agreements; Information; Regulatory; Education; Exploration; Planning; Other, specify

Responses to the indicated box (f) shall be completed using the following predefined options for the response, which should be selected as appropriate (more than one sector may be selected, additional sectors may be added and specified in “others”) (M):

energy supply (covering oil and gas extraction, transport, distribution and storage of fuel, as well as energy production and electricity); energy consumption (covers end-user fuel consumption and electricity, such as households, services, industry and agriculture); Turnover; industrial processes (covering industrial activities that are chemically or physically transformed into materials leading to greenhouse gas emissions, use of greenhouse gases in products and the energy use of the carbon fossil fuels); agriculture waste/waste management; cross-cutting; other sector, please specify.


112

Energy

MEN-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and projects for energy renovation of buildings

Pollutant emissions from the household sector and services are recognised as one of the main causes of air

quality disruption in many areas. The key cause of pollutant emissions (notably PM 2,5 and PM 10 PM) is the

use of firewood in conventional kilns. Therefore, in areas where air quality is impaired, it is necessary to speed

up the implementation of measures to restore the external envelope of buildings and to replace conventional

furnaces using firewood.

At national level, energy renovation of buildings (including the renovation of the building envelope and

replacement of thermotechnical systems), use of solar energy, heat pumps, is planned under the more strategic

and planning documents listed in the descriptions of the existing sectoral measures:

- MEN-1: National plan for increasing the number of pre-vo-zero-energy buildings;

- MEN-2: Energy renovation programme for apartment blocks;

- MEN-3: A programme to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy in commercial

non-residential buildings,

- MEN-4: The family house’s energy renovation programme,

- MEN-5: Energy renovation programme for public buildings,

- MEN-11: The programme to reduce energy poverty,

- MEN-19: Energy efficiency programme in heating and cooling,

- MEN-21: Promoting the use of renewables and energy efficiency by the FZEU funding;

and in coordination with cross-sectoral PAM such as:

- MCC-5: Use of auctioning funds under the EU ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;

- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme

- many measures are funded through the EU SIF [5].

At the same time, the local (regional) plans and programmes for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air

protection and climate change mitigation and adaptation are developed and implemented by JLP (R).

The aim of this measure is to integrate activities to reduce pollutant emissions in areas where air quality

is impaired into national, regional and local plans and energy renovation projects.Support instruments

should be provided for, primary natural persons, owners of family houses, for investing in:

- improving thermal insulation of the envelope elements (walls, roofs, cellars); - the replacement of exterior trim, in particular windows;

- replacement of existing heating systems with new, more energy efficient, and less emissions of

pollutants.

In the development of new planning documents for the energy renovation of buildings, it is therefore necessary

to strengthen inter-ethnic coordination and to provide instruments to boost the energy renovation of buildings

(with a focus on family houses) where the air quality has been eroded. In terms of financial terms, the support

may be provided for in large part through the EU Structural Funds.

Turnover

MTR-1: Integration of pollutant emission reduction measures in planning documents and projects from road transport

Transport and mobility needs are one of the greatest environmental burdens in urban areas. The increase in the

number of passenger cars, the way in which they are used, the volume of traffic and the non-structured

expansion of urban areas are a source of pollutant emissions, which are one of the main causes of the

degradation of air quality in many areas. Therefore, in areas where air quality has been impaired, it is

necessary to speed up the implementation of measures to reduce pollutant emissions from road transport.

A series of measures are implemented at national level to reduce emissions from the transport sector, as

described in the existing:

- MTR-1: Consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions for new passenger cars;


113

- MTR-2: Driver training for road vehicles;

- MTR-3: The obligation to use biofuels in transport;

- MTR-4: Special environmental charge for powered vehicles;

- MTR-5: Special tax on motor vehicles;

- MTR-6: Financial incentives to purchase hybrid and electric vehicles;

- MTR-7: Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure;

- MTR-8: Promoting integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternative fuels in urban areas;

- MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of liquid fuels;

- MTR-11: The limitation of pollutant emissions from road vehicles, and in coordination with cross-

sectoral PAM such as:

- MCC-5: Use of auctioning funds under the EU ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;

- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme

- many measures are funded through the EU SIF [5].

At the same time, the local (regional) plans and programmes for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air

protection and climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as master plans for sustainable transport

development, are developed and implemented.

The aim of this measure is to integrate activities to reduce pollutant emissions in areas where air quality

is impaired into national, regional and local plans and programmes and projects affecting emissions to

the road transport sector.

This measure includes various means to promote a reduction in the number of vehicles in urban areas that do

not have air quality categories I. a key source of emissions is the road transport sector, such as:

- refusal of entry into certain urban areas depending on the environmental standard of the vehicle;

- optimisation of removal of payment facilities.

- integrated transport of citizens;

- intelligent traffic grade,

- promoting SEP schemes for cars;

- the promotion of public bicycles,

- actions to support the development of alternative fuels infrastructure in urban areas

- introduction of urban pollution charges

- redirecting traffic from a city centre;

- encouraging urban public transport use;

- infrastructure development and incentives for cycling;

- introduction of systematic energy management of vehicles owned by the city, etc.

In the development of new planning documents for energy efficiency, renewables, air protection and climate

change mitigation and adaptation and transport development, the cross-sectoral coordination needs to be

strengthened and instruments encouraged to reduce pollutant emissions from the road transport sector in areas

where air quality is impaired. In so doing, they should be tailored to the circumstances of the areas in which

they are regulated. Agriculture

MAG-1: Changes in livestock nutrition and pigs’ quality and livestock feed quality

Specific sub-actions within this group of measures concerning the improvement of livestock systems, the level

of production as well as animal feed: a change in the proportion of individual types of fodder to a diet, the use

of additives (fat, amine agents, biological additives), the improvement in the quality of coarse fodder and

morbidity through the suspension of grazing systems. These measures relate to the potential reduction of

emissions of nitrogen compounds and ammonia from the enteric fermentation and manure management.

Professional literature mentions the potential reduction of ammonia emissions from liquid pig manure

component to 40 % [7].Given the proportion of pigs on management systems that are suitable for the

application of this measure [ 8], a conservative expert estimate may be used to reduce ammonia emissions from

pig manure management systems to 15 % by 2030.



114

The introduction of a biogas plant leads to the removal of methane emissions from the disposal of the

discarded litter and renewable electricity generation. The measure is linked with the renewable sources in the

production of electricity and heat, and the construction of CHP installations in the energy sector. Anaerobic

digestion helps biogas plants reduce the source of easily degradable carbon in the fertiliser which applies to

farmland, but also has the potential to reduce N2O emissions from the nitrification process, as well as the

ammonia emissions. A conservative expert assessment of reducing ammonia emissions (based on the potential

to reduce N2O emissions) is 5 % of the emissions from the manure management system for dairy cows, pigs,

laying hens and broilers.

MAG-3: Improving livestock plants, manure management systems and routes of administration organic fertilisers

Cover up the storage site for (current) manure — creating natural layer (rind) with natural (straw) or porous)

artificial material. This measure decreases the direct emission of methane and ammonia, although to a lesser

extent, the nitrification (porous material) process and cause a slight increase of nitrogen oxide emissions. The

literature states the possible reduction of ammonia emissions from livestock manure, in the range of 78 % —

94 % (pigs), and 71 % — 86 % — (bovine) [7].In view of the proportion of bovine and porcine animals on

management systems that are suitable for the application of this measure [ 8], a conservative expert estimate

may be used to reduce the sectoral emission of ammonia of 30 % for bovine animals and 35 % for pigs until

2030. Further reduction of emissions is possible through the injection of an organic fertiliser instead of its

spray, thereby reducing ammonia emissions as a result of the application of organic fertiliser to 90 % [9].The

expert evaluation is to reduce the sectoral emissions of ammonia from manure management sources (for cattle

and pigs) by an additional 10 %, as well as particulate matter for ~ 5 % by applying this method of applying

organic fertiliser to agricultural land.


The use of new fertilisers slow slow practices for cultivation of maize and wheat (fertilisers with polymers

enabling polymers to reduce the need to apply a fertiliser per hectare (due to lower nitrogen losses) with

unchanged or increased revenues. Further reduction of the NHH 3 emission is possible by reducing the use of

urea to other types of mineral fertilisers.


The construction of drainage, irrigation and protection systems from floods, droughts and other natural

disasters, in addition to the direct benefits of reducing production costs and increasing the quality of the

harvest, can also have an impact on the reduction of nutrient losses as a result of leaching and leaching,

resulting in a reduced need for nitrogen application, thus also for the use of mineral fertilisers. In total,

ammonia emissions from the sector were assessed at 1 % level. MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species

Fostering the development, education and deployment of technologies at national and regional level, fostering

the transition and adaptation of the entire production chain to produce new crops or facilitating and

encouraging the use of cultivars and varieties that are more resistant to drought and diseases and have lower

carbon footprint. It is, with other advantages, geared towards reducing the need to introduce nitrogen into soil

through fertilisers and therefore ammonia emissions. The expert evaluation shall be the lower ammonia

emission at sectoral level, up to 1 %.

Intersectoral measures

MCC-P-1: Support to increase the administrative, technical and management capacities of local communities

Support should be provided to increase the administrative, technical and management capacities of local

communities in the implementation of air quality action plans. This can be achieved through a LIFE project to

help cities implement actions more efficiently and monitor progress and to strengthen coordination of national

and local action. There is also a need for the general public and stakeholders to be more aware of the problems

of air pollution and possible measures to reduce emissions and examples of good practice.

For a more active inclusion of local policy and easier funding, positive effects should be reported through

money savings in health care, in particular the awareness that improvements in air quality can save substantial


115

financial resources in the healthcare sector.

A number of coordinated actions of a number of sectors are coordinated by the cities, namely the persistence

and financial rigidity of the city and there are no usual sources of funding for a holistic approach.

Progress on the quality of air achieved by emission reductions at European and national level is relatively

slightly visible on local levels when viewed in the perspective a few years. Decision-makers and local public

opinion felt that achieving the objective must be achieved through the same effort of all those that contribute to

pollution, partly because allocation of financial resources of local administrations is not sufficient for the

necessary emission reductions. A coordinated activity and financial contribution from different levels,

European funds, national co-financing and a local component are essential.

MCC-P-2: Support for the elaboration of documentation to provide additional financial resources for more effective implementation of air quality action plans

The NEC Directive provides that assistance in the planning and implementation of air quality action plans may

be implemented by co-financed EU funding via LIFE and the EU Structural Funds.

Consequently, it is proposed that the necessary technical analyses are carried out and the design dossier

provided for the declaration of the financing from the Structural Funds for the 2021-2027 cycle (envelope).The

project would serve to encourage the substitution of conventional (non-efficient) combustion plants using fuel

wood with efficient combustion plants fitted with ECO standards, pellet systems or technologies on fuels with

lower pollutant emissions, in particular in zones/agglomerations with exceedances of PM2,5.

MCC-3: Support for research related to the planning of Pams and to monitor their impacts on emissions and air quality

Research should help identify cost-effective measures, measures that are positive for the development of the

economy, employment, research to help transfer the knowledge on best available techniques and the

application of good practices. Tools, models of emission assessment and air pollution, techniques for

determining the contribution of individual sources of air pollution, IT support and databases for quantitative

monitoring of progress and reporting are needed. Synergy links with measures from various sectors and

encouraging a holistic approach.

5.2 Impact ON THE AIR OF THE AIR OF THE LAND PAM OR THE PACKAGED

PACKAGING OF PAM AND THE PACKAGING OBLIGATIONS OF THE EMISSION

(Item 2.6.2)

Table 2.6.2 refers to the impact on the air quality and the environment of the individual PWC, or the PAM

package, to meet the emission reduction commitments.

The Republic of Croatia has no available information to support the assessment of the impact on air quality of

the application of the PAM, or the PAM package, to meet the emission reduction commitments.

5.3 Calculation OF THE EXPENDITURE AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE PACKINGS OF THE

PAM OR THE PACKAGED PACKAGING OF THE PACKAGING OBLIGATIONS OF THE

EMISSION OF THE EMISSION OF THE EMISSION OF THE EMISSION

Member States are encouraged to report on the projected cost estimates, which are to be according to reporting

under the MMR to support climate change mitigation, as follows:

- Cost in euro per tonne of reduction of pollutant

- Absolute cost of investments and annual benefits in euro

- Qualitative description and ratio, cost benefit calculation

- Annual costs for estimated expenditure

2.6.2The impact on the air quality and the environment of the individual PAM or the PAM packages

considered to meet emission reduction commitments

Where appropriate, impacts on air quality (reference to the recommended air

quality targets may be referenced to the WHO) and the environment. Not available. More research is needed.


116

- The year for which the estimates have been calculated.

Only the indicative costs for the individual measures for which an evaluation can be made on the basis of the

available data are shown in Table 2.6.3.

2.6.3Calculating the cost and benefits of the individual PAM or PAM packages considered to meet the

reduction commitments emissions Name and summary

description of individual PAM or the PAM package:

Cost EUR per tonne

reduction of pollutant:

Absolute cost

investment (EUR)

Annual benefits (EUR)

Excise (s) benefit ratio:

Annual costs (EUR)

Qualitative description of the cost benefit calculation:


NO NO NO NO NO

It is at the national level to coordinate the design of measures and to focus on priority channelling the

resources expected to be derived from other commitments on the

basis of PAM.

At project/regional level, costs and benefits should be estimated in the light of selected specific

actions.


117

24National irrigation and agricultural land and water management project in Croatia, 2005

2.6.3Calculating the cost and benefits of the individual PAM or PAM packages considered to meet the

reduction commitments emissions Name and summary


Cost EUR per tonne


Absolute cost

investment (EUR)



Annual costs (EUR)



NO NO NO NO NO

It is at the national level to coordinate the design of measures and to focus on priority channelling the

resources expected to be derived from other commitments on the

basis of PAM. At project/regional level, costs

and benefits should be estimated in the light of selected specific

actions.

MAG-1: Transformation in livestock nutrition and feed quality

NO 5.300.000 13.000.000 0,4 NO

Expert evaluation by Agronomski Faculty of Experts

in Faculty of Experts. The absolute cost results from the

application of all the sub-measures to all relevant groups

of animals, and increased competitiveness and production.


NO NO NO NO NO Not known.

MAG-3: Improvement livestock installations, animal waste management systems and method of application of the organic fertiliser

NO 120.000.000 13.000.000 9,2 NO

Expert evaluation by Agronomski Faculty of Experts in Faculty of Experts. The cost relates to the entire period up to

2050, and investments in facilities and equipment used for

more than one year. Increased competitiveness and production

benefit from increased competitiveness and production.

MAG-4: Improvement of methods of application mineral fertilisers

NO NO 10.000.000 NO NO

Expert evaluation by Agronomski Faculty of Experts

in Faculty of Experts. The calculation is based on saving the total amount of applied m.

fertiliser.


NO 1.000.000.000 4.500.000 222,2 NO

The cost of an expert expert evaluation based on the given

starting points and targets (area) of the24 plan’s NAV.The benefit

is reduced in the production, consumption of means of protection and fertilisers.


118

5.4 MORE DETAILS FOR THE POLICY OPTIONS LISTED IN APPENDIX III PART 2 TO

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 TARGETING THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR TO MEET

THE REDUCTION COMMITMENTS

For the measures listed in Appendix II. 2 of the NEC Directive, the specific reporting requirements, whether or

not mandatory measures have been implemented, are the optional measures included in the Programme and

some modifications were made to them. Measures for ammonia emission reduction are laid down in Article 22.

NEC Regulation.

Table 2.6.4 provides further details for the policy options listed in Appendix III — Part 2 to NEC of the

Directive, which target the agriculture sector to meet the reduction commitments (M).

2.6.3Calculation of the cost and benefits of the

individual PAM — a or PAM packages considered to meet reduction

commitments emissions Name and summary


Cost EUR per tonne


Absolute cost

investment (EUR)



Annual costs (EUR)



NO NO 10.000.000 NO NO

In addition to the use of a presumption of negligible entry

costs (which only relate to education, without the incentive to produce), while increasing the competitiveness, production and

expansion of suitable soil.

MCC-1: Support increase administrative, technical and Steering capacity local communities

NO 5.000.000 NO NO NO Assessment of administrative

costs for development

MCC-2: Support the elaboration of documentation to provide additional financial resources for a more effective implementation of air quality action plans

NO 1.000.000 NO NO NO Assessment of administrative

costs for development


NO 1.000.000 NO NO NO

The benefits of this measure will be larger in size than

investment, as it will offer a choice of cost-effective measures

and monitor their real impact. Money will not be invested in

costly measures and implementation will be optimal, as much as necessary to achieve

the objectives.


119

2.6.4Further details for policy options under Appendix III, Part 2 to NEC of the Directive targeting the

agriculture sector to meet reduction commitments (M): List of measures included in Annex III Part 2 Was PAM included

in the Air Pollution

Control

Programme?

Yes/No (M):

If yes, — Please

indicate the

chapter/page

number in the

Programme:

(M):

Was PAM correct? Yes/No (M):

If no, describe the modifications

made (M):

A. Measures for the control of ammonia emissions 1Member States shall establish a national

advisory code of good agricultural

practice for the control of ammonia

emissions, taking into account the

UNECE Framework Code for Good

Agricultural Practice for Reducing

Ammonia Emissions from 2014, which

shall cover at least the following items

(M): a) nitrogen management, taking

account of the entire nitrogen cycle; b) livestock feeding strategies;

c) low-emission manure expansion

techniques; d) low-emission fertiliser storage

systems; e) low-emission animal systems;

f) options for limiting the emission of

ammonia from the use of mineral

fertilisers.

Yes (measures

MAG-1, MAG-2, MAG-3, MAG-4)

No

Ministry of Agriculture, under Article

22Regulations on national reduction

commitments for certain air pollutants in

the Republic of Croatia (NN No 76/18)

are in the process of drawing up the

National Advisory Principles on Good

Agricultural Practice in accordance with

the 2014 United Nations Economic

Commission for Europe Principles of

Good Agricultural Practice for Reducing

Ammonia Emissions, which include: - nitrogen management, taking into

account the full nitrogen cycle - livestock feeding strategies - low-emission manure spreading

techniques - low-emission manure storage systems - low-emission animal housing systems - possibilities for limiting ammonia

emissions from the use of mineral

fertilisers.

2Member States may establish a national

nitrogen budget to monitor the change in

total losses of reactive nitrogen from

agriculture, including ammonia, nitrous

oxide, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites,

based on the principles set out in the

UNECE document on nitrogen budget:

No No

3Member States shall prohibit the use of

ammonium carbonate fertilisers (M) and

may reduce ammonia emissions from inorganic fertilisers using the following approaches: a) replacement of urea-based fertilisers on

ammonium nitrate fertilisers; b) if urea-based fertilisers continue to apply, using

methods that have been shown to reduce

ammonia emissions by at least 30 % compared

with the use of the reference

Yes

Yes

Prohibition of use of the

ammoniacal carbonate fertilisers are those laid down

in Article 22(2).Regulations on national

obligations to reduce certain air


(NN No 76/18).

The possibility to reduce ammonia

emissions from inorganic fertilisers by

using approach a) to c) is not taken over

into Croatian law


120




Control

Programme?

Yes/No (M):

If yes, — Please

indicate the

chapter/page

number in the

Programme:

(M):



made (M):

methods, as specified in the ammonia

guidelines; c) encouraging the replacement of

inorganic fertilisers with organic fertilisers and,

where inorganic fertilisers continue to be

applied, disseminate them in line with the

foreseeable requirements of incoming or

grassland with nitrogen and phosphorus, taking

into account the existing soil nutrient and

nutrient content of the nutrients from other

fertilisers.

in this context it is not applicable.

4Member States may reduce ammonia emissions

from livestock manure using the following

approaches: a) the reduction of emissions from the suspension

and application of solid manure to arable land

and grassland, using methods that reduce

emissions by at least 30 % compared with the

reference method described in the Ammonia

Guidance Document and provided that: i. only the spreading of fertilisers and slurry in

accordance with the foreseeable nutrient

requirements of the received crops or grassland

with regard to nitrogen and phosphorus, taking

also into account the existing soil nutrient and

nutrient content of the other fertilisers; ii. not spreading fertilisers and fertilisers where

the receiving country is saturated, submerged,

frozen or snow covered; iii. the application of sludge spreads on grassland

with an accompanying hose, companion, or

through a shallow or deep injection; iv. inclusion of fertilisers and fertilisers

spread within four hours of that soil spread

within the soil; b) reducing greenhouse gas emissions outside

animal houses by using the following means: where a low emission storage facility or a

technique has been shown to reduce emissions

of ammonia by at least 60 % compared with the

reference method described in the Ammonia

Guidance Document and for existing slurry at

least 40 %;

No No

The possibility of reducing ammonia

emissions from livestock manure using

approaches a) to d) will be an integral

part of the National Advisory Principles

of Good Agricultural Practice which are

in the process of being adopted.


121




Control

Programme?

Yes/No (M):

If yes, — Please

indicate the

chapter/page

number in the

Programme:

(M):



made (M):

ii. substituting landfill for solid manure; iii. the provision of farms shall have sufficient

storage capacity for manure application for

manure spreading only during the period

eligible for crop growth: c) reduction of emissions from animal flats, using

systems which have been shown to reduce

ammonia emissions by at least 20 % compared

with the reference method described in the

Ammonia Guidance Document; d) reducing manure emissions by applying low

protein feeding strategies which have been

shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least

10 % compared to the reference method

described in the Ammonia Guidance

Document.

B. Emission reduction and control measures for particulate matter (PM 2, 5) and black carbon (BC) 1Without prejudice to Annex IIOn mutual

harmonisation between the European

Parliament and the Council (1), Regulation

(EU) No 1306/2013 (1), Member States

may prohibit the open burning of

agricultural harvested residues and forest

waste and residues. Member States shall

monitor and enforce the implementation of

any prohibition carried out pursuant to the

first subparagraph. Any exemptions to such

a ban should be limited to preventive

programmes to avoid uncontrolled fires,

control pests or protect biodiversity.

No

No

The good agricultural and

environmental condition of GAEC 6

GAECs, (Narodne novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos

32/15, 45/16, 26/18, 84/18), lays down

the management of harvested residues

and the prevention of the pest

management of unwanted vegetation

with the aim of preserving soil and

carbon content in the soil.

Harvesting residues from agricultural

land must not be incinerated. The

harvested residues shall not be

considered to be residues resulting from

the deposition of permanent crops.

The incineration of harvested residues

shall be allowed only in order to prevent

the spread or the control of pests of

plants on which a formal measure may

be ordered.

The fulfilment of this condition

maintains a favourable soil organic

matter level in the soil necessary for the

production of the agricultural

production, prevents the risk of fire,

prevents smoke pollution and ash,

prevents fire destruction of the micro,

and


122




Control

Programme?

Yes/No (M):

If yes, — Please

indicate the

chapter/page

number in the

Programme:

(M):



made (M):

macrofauna, improves the physico-

chemical properties of the soil and

stimulates biological activity in the

surface layer of the soil. The burning of

harvested residue on agricultural areas is

prohibited for the purpose of this

condition.

2Member States may establish a national advisory

code of good agricultural practice for a proper

management of the remainder of the harvest,

based on the following approaches: a) improvement of soil structure through harvest

residue; b) improved techniques to install harvest residues; c) alternative use of harvesting residues; d) improving the nutrient status and soil structure

by installing fertilisers as necessary for

optimum plant growth, leading to an exact

incineration of manure (slurry and deep water

layer).

No

No

On 26 May 2015, the European

Commission approved the Rural

Development Programme of the

Republic of Croatia. Croatia for the period 2014—

2020.constructed by agents of the

Ministry of Agriculture; and Paying agencies for agriculture, fisheries

and rural.

The programme defined 18 measures

aimed at increasing the competitiveness

of Croatian agriculture, forestry and the

processing industry, as well as

improving living and working

conditions in rural areas.

The programme also includes measure

M2: Advisory services, farm

management and farm relief services,

governed by the Rules on the

implementation of measure 02:

Advisory services, farm management

and farm relief services referred to in the

Rural Development Programme Republic of Croatia for the period

2014— 2020(Narodne novine (NN;

official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) No 123/15)

C. Farming on small scale (M):

In taking the measures set out in Sections A

and B, Member States must ensure that impacts

on small and micro farms are fully taken into

account.

Member States may, for example, exempt

small and micro farms from these measures

No No


123




Control

Programme?

Yes/No (M):

If yes, — Please

indicate the

chapter/page

number in the

Programme:

(M):



made (M):

where possible and appropriate in light of the

applicable reduction commitments (M).

The thultacets

shall be Procedure (s) for

consultation

procedure (s):

Time period consultations:

Summary of outcomes in relation to the selection of PAM: Link to documents

produced after

consultation: National m responsible

for the

attention of

the competent

authorities, in

accordance

with Directive

2003/35

Workshops on project “Support Republic of Croatia in create Strategies low — carbon development (LEDS)’

Sectoral

workshops took

place between

14.9.2012 and

14.11.2012

Sector workshops were held by energy

transport sector (14.9.2012), agriculture

(20.9.2012), energy and industry (24.9.2012),

waste management (2.10.2012), LULUCF

(19.10.2012), buildings sector (26.10.2012) and

tourism (14.11.2012).The workshops were

representatives of national competent

authorities, sectoral experts, representatives of

industry associations, NGOs and the public

concerned. Discussed on long-term, low-carbon

development measures. Key action by sector is

provided on the link.

http: //www.mzoi p.hr/doc/tranzicij a_dilac_low in development Croatia_Croatia.pdf

National m to the

competent

Workshops at

expert Sectoral

workshops from

Sector workshops were held by energy

installation and industry sectors (13.5.2015),

transport

http: //www.mzoi p.hr/hr/klima/stra

6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Article 19(7) provides: The Ministry shall report on the proposal for the Air Pollution Control Programme and

any relevant changes, prior to their completion and adoption by the Government of the Republic of Croatia, in

accordance with national regulations governing the public’s participation in environmental matters and

consultation with the competent authorities which, due to their specific environmental responsibilities in the

field of air pollution, quality and governance at national level, concern the implementation of the NAPCP. this

is also laid down in Article 5(5).NEC Directive. Cross-border consultations also take place where appropriate

(Article 19(8)NEC and Article 5(6) of the Regulation. NEC of the Directive).

The following table (s) of Table 2.7.1 is the results of the consultations — which have been brought forward

before the end of the programme — with the general public and the competent authorities, which, due to their

specific environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels, are

likely to be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme and,

where possible, of transboundary consultations.

Stakeholder consultations were carried out when drawing up the technical support for the Croatian Strategy for

Low Carbon Development of Croatia until 2030 with an outlook to 2050 and is included in the teaching table.

2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent authorities

which, due to their specific nature

environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,

are likely to be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme;

__________ ______________ where possible, transboundary consultations________________ _______________

http://www.mzoi/

http://www.mzoi/


124

2.7.1Results of the consultations — prior to closure of the programme — for the general public, for the competent

authorities which, due to their specific nature environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,

vieriatic will be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme. where possible, transboundary consultations The thultacets


consultation

procedure (s):



produced after

consultation: authorities, on

the basis of

Directive

2003/35 of the

European

Parliament

and of the

Council

basis for The Republic of

Croatia’s Low

Carbon Strategy

for the period up

to 2030 with a

view to the year

2050

13 May by 3 July 2015 years. Final Conference 18 December 2015 years.

(22.5.2015), building sector (29.5.2015),

agriculture and forestry (9.6.2015), Waste

management (3.7.2015). The workshops were representatives of national

competent authorities, sectoral experts,

representatives of industry associations, NGOs

and the public concerned. Analyses of the

situation and needs have been presented and

were discussed in the long term low-carbon

development measures. Presentations are

available on the link.

tennis plants — programmes.html

National m to the

competent bodies, Public compliant

with Shall be

subject to m 2003/35, Local to the

competent bodies, Regional m to the

competent bodies

Public consultation on

the draft Croatia’s low-

carbon

development

strategies for the

period up to 2030

with regard to

2050 and the

Strategic

Environmental

Impact Studies

The Ministry of

Environment

and Energy has

set the Draft

Strategy for a

Low Carbon

Development of

the Republic of

Croatia for the

period until

2030 with a

view to 2050 at

e: Consulted in the

period from 16

June 2017 to 16

July 2017. On 14 July

2017, in

Croatia, the

Chamber of

Commerce was

held in public. presentation and

discussion on

the draft

strategy.

A total of 12 natural and legal persons

submitted comments to the Draft Strategy, of

which six were natural persons, two public

institutions, one public company, two non-

governmental organisations and one public

limited company. Among the recurrent questions and comments,

some of the most important points are: • A Strategic and rapid development should

work once an Energy Strategy has been

developed. • Whether indicative share targets will be

indicative OIE should become binding on the

Republic of Croatia?What will be if they

are not to be achieved? • The surge in electricity demand is

overestimated. • The statistical corrections in the energy

balance concerning the use of biomass for

heating purposes in the household sector

influence the change in the total RES

share, the uncertainties and the

consequences of the changes in the data

should be further investigated. • Be more detail on, the document should be

shortened. • The strategy is not sufficiently detailed —

further clarifications are needed regarding

methodology, models, input data,

implementing measures. • How will the planned increase of central

heat supply systems in the heat supply

process? • Hydropower Pitot as multipurpose

projects? • Consistency in the application of the

circular economy, regarding the energy

use of waste. Most of the questions related to energy, there

were several issues relating to waste

management, agriculture and

https: //esavjetov anja.gov.hr/ECo FAO/Minster? e ntityId = 5575

https://esavjetov/


125





consultation

procedure (s):



produced after

consultation:

the land use sector and land-use change

(LULUCF). The Ministry of the Environment has decided

to defer the adoption of the Low Carbon

Strategy, as long as it does not draw up an

Energy Strategy. The Draft Low Carbon

Strategy and the New Energy Strategy will

serve to create a National Integrated Energy

Roadmap, a document to the Republic of

Croatia to define its binding targets under the

common EU policy to deliver on commitments

under the Paris Agreement up to 2030.

National m to the

competent bodies, Manifold normal consultation a

Project

“Assistance to

MS in implementation

of N of GHG projections guidelines’. The consortium what it did companies TNO, Aether,

UBA Vienna,

Amec, kosen-

Institute, ICC

(E3MLab),

CITEPA and

VTO.

Year 2014 and

2015, s workshops in

Croatia on 16-

17 December 2014. years and

25 February 2015. years

The purpose of the project was to build up

capacity and technical assistance to prepare the

national GHG projections that were expected to

be submitted in 2015 on the basis of Regulation

525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and

reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for

reporting other information at national and EU

level related to climate change. Over 18

months, the project team initiated a series of

bilateral consultations and workshops. The

Action Plan consisted of 14 points, some of

which concerned technical and general issues

around drafting and submitting projections

(estimates of macroeconomic data, models

used, delivery of projections, modelling of the

impact of PAM, sensitivity analysis etc.), part

of the energy projections (methodology,

emissions breakdown, entry assumption) and a

part to projections in non-energy sectors. The

project has resulted in improvements of the

system and capacity building to produce

projections of greenhouse gas emissions.

The results of the

project itself are not

publicly available,

but the reports can

be found at http:

//www.haop. soil/climatic — changes/figures a

National m to the

competent bodies, Manifold normal consultation a

Project

“Assistance to

MS in implement n of

GHG projections.

The consortium

represented ICF, Askher, E4SMA and

IIASA

Years 2016 and

2017 with

workshops in

Croatia on 16-

17 December 2014. years and

25 February 2015. years

The purpose of the project was to build up

capacity and technical assistance to prepare the

national GHG projections that were expected to

be submitted in 2015 on the basis of Regulation

525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and

reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for

reporting other information at national and EU

level related to climate change. The project

team initiated a series of bilateral consultations

and workshops. The Action Plan consisted of 6 points, of which

4 concerned the LULUCF sector, one on

general questions of completeness and

transparency and the last one on

The results of the

project itself are not

publicly available,

but the reports can

be found at http:

//www.haop. soil/climatic — changes/figures a

http://www.haop/

http://www.haop/

http://www.haop/

http://www.haop/


126


authorities which, due to their specific nature

environmental responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and governance at all levels,

are likely to be interested in the results in the implementation of the national air pollution control programme;

where possible, transboundary consultations

The thultacets


consultation

procedure (s):



produced after

consultation:

energy projections. Two workshops were held

during the project on LULUCF sector in Croatia has participated and

Croatia’s representatives participated in two

workshops in Brussels. The project has resulted

in improvements of the system and capacity

building to produce projections of greenhouse

gas emissions.

National m to the

competent bodies

Working

meetings and

consultations with

Croatian agri-

forestry advisory

service

Agreeing with the RDP and considering

potential additional measures that are not the

subject of An AECM and other measures; a discussion on

the adoption of the recommendations in the

rules of procedure and the guidance of good

agricultural practice in the form of mandatory

measures.

National m to the

competent bodies: Ministry o hopappayable de, Ministry of

the sea, traffic

and

infrastructure, Ministry o economic VA, Ministry 0 external 1 European

affairs,

Directorate at

the Ministry

of

Environment

and Energy Ex: HAOP, e-

advice was interested Anom the public.

Communication

E-maid and

technical meeting

with the Ministry

of Agriculture, e-

Consultations

In the period 5

February — 12

March

2019

has been

delivered

Draft

to the proposal

programmes

specified

TDU

(ministries

o

agricultural

e,

Ministry

must;

transport and

infrastructures

e,

Ministry

the economy

Ministry

external and

European and

European

Administration

at

Ministry

protection

the

environment,

and

On draft draft control proposal submitted

air pollution, Ministry of Foreign and

of European Affairs and the Ministry

the holdings did not comment.

Comments from the Ministry of Agriculture,

Transport and Infrastructure of the Ministry of

Agriculture; and

Administrations at the Ministry of Environment

and

energy — ex HAOP has been accepted, and

introduced to the Progamma Proposal.

In addition, a meeting was held on 12 March

2019 with the Ministry of Agriculture, which

included all the comments and suggestions

included in the proposal for the Programme.

Not publicly

available


127





consultation

procedure (s):



produced after

consultation:

energy — ex

HATP)

It has also been

held e — Consultation SA interested in the

interest in the

public over 30

days after all

TDU has

received.


128

7. MEASURES AND POLICIES SELECTED FOR ADOPTION BY

SECTOR, INCLUDING A TIMETABLE FOR THEIR ADOPTION,

IMPLEMENTATION AND AUDITING, AND THE RESPONSIBLE

AUTHORITIES

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.8 "The policies selected for their adoption, implementation and review

and the competent authorities responsible”.

7.1 Individual BODIES AND RESPONSIBLE FOR USING AND RESPONSIBLE FOR

DESIGNATION AND RESPONSIBLE FOR DESIGNATION AND RESPONSIBLE FOR

AUTHORITIES

The obligation for Member States to select the most promising additional measures and to include it in

NPCP.In doing so, they shall report on additional information for the selected additional individual PAP or

PAM packages chosen for inclusion in the NPCP as follows (see 2.8.1 table):

- planned year for adoption and timetable for implementation (year (s))

- planned schedule for the audit (year)

- competent authorities responsible for the implementation and regulation of PAM.

The following table (2.8.1) was those which were selected for adoption as well as their respective competences.


129

2.8.1Individual PAM, or package of HP selected for adoption and the responsible authorities (M

Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M):

Currently scheduled a year (M):

Relevant comments stemming from consultations in relation to individual PAM or the PAM package:

Current timetable for implementation (M)

Intermediate targets and indicators selected for monitoring progress in the implementation of the selected PAM:

Current timeline for audit (review) (if different from the overall update of the NAP every four years) (M):

Competent authorities responsible for the specific PAM or packages — a (M):

Whichever is applicable. start ka (M):

Whichever is applicable. end up Reg. (M):

Temporary objectives

Indicators


2019 — 2021 2030 To adopt action

Number of energy renovated houses in areas where air quality is impaired

2023 MZOIP, MCPP



Number of vehicles in electric areas where air quality is impaired

2023 MZOIP, MPPI

MAG-1: Transformation in livestock nutrition and feed quality

2019 — 2021 2030 —

Analysis of the quality of livestock food and feed additives

2023 MPS


130

2.8.1Individual PAM, or package of HP selected for adoption and the responsible authorities (M

Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M):










Indicators


2019 — 2021 2030 — Share of livestock in digestate

2023 MPS

MAG-3: Improvement livestock installations, system management animal waste and Transport applications organic fertilisers

2019 — 2021 2030

Share of livestock (swine, bovine, poultry) on farms with biofilters, covered lagoons and within livestock housing with relevant microclimate conditions

2023 MPS


2019 — 2021 2030 —

The amount of urea and mineral fertilisers applied to the slow-release of nitrogen;

2023 MPS


2019 — 2021 2030 —

Area of cultivated land under irrigation, sanitation and protection against natural disasters

2023 MPS


2019 — 2021 2030 —

Area of land and yields of new cultivars, varieties and crops

2023 MPS


131

2.8.1Single PAM/AM package selected for adoption and responsible authorities (M) Name and brief description of the individual PAM or the PAM package (M):










Indicators

MCC-1: Support increase administrative, technical and Steering capacity local Community


Number of workshops held,

number of new portals,

number of new promotion materials;

number information campaign;

number of projects reported for funding via LIFE programme,

FZEU number of competitions,

number of other schemes and funds mobilised to ensure the implementation of the action

2023 MZOIP, MPPI

MCC-2: Support to provide additional financial resources for more effective implementation of air quality action plans


Number of projects reported for funding via LIFE programme,

FZEU number of competitions,

number of other schemes and funds mobilised to ensure the implementation of the action

2023 MZOIP, MPPI


2019

2019 2025

Adopt a measure, to incorporate it into the funding plans;

Number of projects

2023 MZOIP, MZIO


132

7.2 Assessment OF OSIGURING RODENTS COMPLIANCE with the plans and programmes set up in

other relevant policy areas

Once additional milestones for inclusion in the initial NAPPCP have been selected for adoption, the competent

authorities have carried out an overall coherence assessment to ensure that NPCP is consistent with other relevant

policies and programmes.

Table 2.8.2 provides an explanation of the selection of selected measures and an assessment of how the selected

POM- and ensure compliance with plans and programmes set out in other relevant policy areas (M)

2.8.2An explanation of the selection of the selected measures and an assessment of how the selected folders ensure compliance with

plans and programmes established in other relevant IM policy areas) Explanation of elections among measures considered in

2.6.1 in order to establish the final set of selected actions All proposed measures have been selected.

Compliance of the selected CMs with air quality

objectives at national level and, where appropriate, in

neighbouring Member States (M):

The PAM package is in line with air quality objectives at

the national and local level, as it is estimated that they

will contribute most to improving air quality in areas

where it is affected.

Compliance of the selected PAM’s with other relevant

plans and programmes established by requirements

established by national or EU legislation (e.g. National

Energy and Climate Plans) (M):

The PAM package shall comply entirely with relevant

plans and programmes established by national legislation

and encourage synergies in the preparation and

implementation of measures compliant with other

relevant Union requirements and programmes

established by requirements established by national or

EU legislation;


133

8. Projections of the combined IMPACT of PAM (s) (with ADDITIONAL

MEASURES” — WAM) FOR REDUCTION OF THE EMISSIONS,

QUALITY OF AIR AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND RELATED

uncertainties

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.9.‘Further Additional Measures of Pats’ (‘With Additive Measures’ —

WAM) on emissions response, air quality and the environment and the associated unceries’.

8.1 EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS

This chapter provides an overview of the projections of the emissions of all NEC Directives for 2020, 2025 and

2030, using the chosen WAM on scenario, outlined in Chapter 5.1.

Plots of projections of emissions projections and reduced emissions for WM and WAM scenarios are summarised

below. SO 2

The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the emission reduction commitments of SO 2 are

expected to be met for both scenarios. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 2,87 KT kt 2

compared to the WM scenario by 2030, with the result that the reduction of emissions would be 34.7 % below the

Table 2.9.1 presents projections for achieving emission reduction commitments (WAM) (M)

2.9.1Emission reduction commitments (WAM) (M) Pollutant (M)

Total emissions (kt), consistent

with inventories for year x-3 (M):

% emission reduction

achieved in relation to

2005 (M):

National obligation reductions emission for period 2020-2029 (%) (M):

National

emission

reduction

commitment

from 2030 (%) (M): 2

00

5

Ba

se

yea

rs

20

20

20

25

20

30

20

20

20

25

20

30

SO 2 58,72 7,52 6,99 6,52 87,20 88,09 88,90 55 83 Calculation 84,46 40,94 34,78 30,60 51,53 58,83 63,77 31 57 NMVOC 117,02 50,80 45,56 41,54 56,59 61,07 64,50 34 48 NH 3 42,21 32,58 29,48 26,70 22,81 30,15 36,73 1 25 PM2,5 40,85 18,33 15,66 13,31 55,14 61,67 67,42 18 55

Figure 8-1Historical trend and projections of the SO 2 emissions for WM and WAM scenarios


134

commitment in 2030 (in the WM scenario, the level of emissions is 6.0 % below the commitment in 2030).The

main impact on the reduction of the SO 2 emissions have further measures to boost renewable energy sources and

the resulting lower emissions of electricity from fossil fuels as well as lower fugitive emissions.

Calculation

The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the reduction commitments for NOx emissions

for both scenarios are expected. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 2,98 kt NOx emissions

relative to the WM scenario by 2030, with the emission reduction target of 12.5 % below the 2030 liability (in the

WM scenario the level of emissions is 3.9 % below the 2030 liability).The main impact on the reduction of NOx

emissions is measured in terms of transport measures, renovation of buildings and the replacement of furnaces

and fuels in the household sector.

NH 3

Projections show how the quota is expected to be met and the emission reduction commitments of NH 3 is

expected only in the WAM scenario. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 8,89 kt NH 3 in

relation to the WAM scenario until 2030, with the emission reduction target of 15.6 % below the 2030

commitment (in the WM scenario, the level of emissions is 12.4 % above the 2030 commitment).The main impact

Figure 8-2Historical trend and NOx emission projections for WM and WAM Scenario

Figure 8-3Historical trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM and WAM Scenario


135

on the reduction of the NH 3 emissions shall have measures in the agricultural sector.

NMVOC

The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the reduction commitments for NMVOC

emissions are expected for both scenarios. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 6,08 kt for

NMVOC in relation to the WM scenario by 2030, with the emission reduction target of 31.7 % below the 2030

commitment (in the WM scenario at 21.7 % below the 2030 commitment).The main impact on the reduction of

NMVOC emissions shall have measures towards the renovation of buildings and the replacement of furnaces and

fuels in the household sector, as well as measures in the waste management sector.

PM2,5

The projections indicate how the quota is expected to be met and the PM 2,5 emission reduction commitments are

expected to be met. The WAM scenario results in an additional reduction of 2,24 kt PM 2,5 relative to the WM

scenario by 2030, with the emission reduction target of 27.6 % below the 2030 liability (in the WM scenario the

level of emissions is 15.4 % below the 2030 liability).The main influence on emissions reduction takes measures to

restore buildings and to replace furnaces and fuels in the household sector.

Figure 8-4Historical trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM and WAM Scenario

Figure 8-5Historical trend and PM23 projections for WM and WAM Scenario


136

PM 10

For PM 10 no reduction commitment has been set and the trend and causes of emissions are similar to those for

PM 2.

8.2 NON-LINEAR DERIVED TRACK FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS

When the projections of emissions under the WAM scenario do not result in a linear trajectory between 2020 and

2030, then Member States are required to provide supporting information confirming that the adopted measures

will result in emission reduction commitments for 2030. the linear trajectory shall be acceptable only under

conditions where there is evidence to demonstrate that a non-linear path is economically and technically effective

and does not affect the achievement of any reduction commitment for 2030.(Article 4(2)NEC of the Directive).

In addition, the Member State must demonstrate that from 2025 onwards, a non-linear path converges with a

linear trajectory into the same reduction commitments for 2030. information on emission reduction trajectory

projections, including status 2025, should be included in the draft NAPCP as provided for in Article 6(5), of the

NEC Directive.

The emission projections for the Republic of Croatia according to the WM and the WAM scenario do not exhibit

non-linear trajectory with the reduction trajectory between 2020 and 2030 (see graph in Table 2.9.2. The format).

This shows the trajectory of a reduction of non-linear line emissions (M, where appropriate) the trajectory in

Table 2.9.2.

Figure 8-6Historical trend and projections of PM 10 for WM and WAM Scenario


137

2.9.2Pathway of reduction of non-linear emission lines (M, where appropriate) Where a non-linear emission

reduction trajectory is

visible, it shall demonstrate

that it is technically or

economically more efficient

(in the case of alternative

measures that entail

disproportionate costs) and

will not jeopardise the

achievement of any reduction

in commitments in the year

2030, and that the trajectory

converge towards a linear

trajectory from 2025

onwards (M, where

appropriate):

The projections do not exhibit non-linear emission reduction trajectories

between 2020 and 2030 that would go beyond the linear trajectory of

emissions reductions, as shown in the figures below for each pollutant.

SO2

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.0 1

0,00

0,00

~ ~ “— —

«

2010 2015 2020 2025 2005 2030

Historical trend

— With additional measures (WAM) •

Commitment, of 2030.

‘’ S Measures (WM)

• Commitment, 2020 to 2029

— Linear trajectory for emissions reduction

NH3

Calculation

100,00

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Historical trend — — With measures (WM) — With additional measures (WAM) • Commitment, 2020 to 2029 • Commitment, of 2030 on a linear trajectory for emission reduction

Historical trend — — With measures (WM)

‘’ With additional measures (WAM) • Kvota in 2020

• Quota in 2030 of the Linear Way of Emission Reductions in


138

NMVOC

-------- Historical trend — — With measures (WM)

— With additional measures (WAM) • Commitment, 2020 to 2029

• Commitment, of 2030 on a linear trajectory for emission reduction

PM2,5

Historical trend — — With measures (WM)

— With additional measures (WAM) • Commitment, 2020 to 2029

• Commitment, of 2030 on a linear trajectory for emission reduction

PM 10

Historical trend — With measures (WM) — With additional measures (WAM)


139

8.3 USE OF FLEXIBILITY

The NEC Directive includes a provision allowing the use of flexibility with regard to the reporting of national

emission inventories in specific circumstances (Article 5NEC of the Directive and Article 23. The text of the

Regulation to NEC).For those flexibilities already existing in the (revised) GP, the terms in NEC Directive are

aligned with those already established according to the CLRTAP, although NEC Directive introduced additional

constraints. Moreover, the use of flexibility requires annual approval by the European Commission.

Flexibilities set out in Article 5(2) and Article 5(4)NEC Directive (and Article 23 para.

4. and paragraph 6. NEC Regulation) generally applies to cases where exceptional circumstances (e.g.

exceptionally cold and ultra-dry, sudden and exceptional interruption or loss of capacity in the electricity supply

and/or production system, which could not reasonably have been foreseen) lead to unplanned failure of the

emission reduction commitments and are therefore not relevant for the first formation of the NAP (but may be

relevant for subsequent updates).

However, the flexibility mechanism described in Article 5(3)NEC Directive and Article 23 para.

5. NEC Regulation is one which can be taken into account in the planning: ‘If, in a given year, a Member State,

for which one or more of the reduction commitments laid down in Annex II are set at a level that is more than the

cost effective reduction laid down in TSAP in 16, cannot comply with the relevant emission reduction commitments

after having implemented all cost-effective measures, it shall be considered to comply with that relevant emission

reduction commitment for a maximum of five years, provided that, for each of these years, it replaces the failure to

comply with the obligation to discharge the emission of the other pollutant listed in Annex II.”

A Member State which fulfils the conditions of Article 5(3).NEC of the Directive and Article 23(5).NEC Regulation

wishing to benefit from the flexibility should ensure that NAG includes measures that ensure:

- the emission reduction commitment shall be fulfilled within five years; and

- the surplus is replaced by an equivalent reduction in emissions of the other pollutant for each of these years.

Member States intending to apply paragraphs 1, 2, 3 or 4 of Article 5NEC of the Directive (paragraphs 1 to 6. The

Commission shall inform the Commission by 15 February of the reporting year concerned.

In suffix 2.9.3. Flexibility allowed the flexibility to use flexibility.

8.4 AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTIONS

For the purpose of drawing up this Programme, Air quality projects have not been designed.

In order to show the anticipated improvement in air quality in the WAM scenario, a quantitative analysis of the

baseline values in the WAM scenario should be developed, which should deliver the following results:

- number of non-conforming and compliant air quality zones (in total number of zones) for the years 2020,

2025 and 2030,

- provision for maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and mean exposure indicators for the years

2020, 2025 and 2030.

- if quantitative data are not available, the qualitative intended to improve air quality (WAM) and degree of

harmonisation.

The Republic of Croatia will not use flexibility for its first submission.

2.9.3Flexibility (M, gdie ie appropriately) Where flexibility is used, provide a budget for its use

(M, where appropriate) Not used.


140

Projections of improvements in air quality (WAM) are not available at national or local level for lack of expertise

and tools to build them.

During the next reporting period through amendments to this programme, in line with the level of improvement of

expertise and assessment tools, modelling and projected air quality improvement projections in Croatia will be

2.9.4Air quality improvements (WAM)

A . projected broi of non-compliant and compatible air quality zone:

As follows: Projection of non-compliant air

quality zones: Projection of number of

compliant air quality zones: Total number of air quality zones:

Sp

ecif

y b

ase

yea

r:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Sp

ecif

y b

asic

y

ear:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Sp

ecif

y b

asic

y

ear:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

PM 2,5 (1 year): — — — — — — — — — — — — However, 2 (1 years): — — — — — — — — — — — — PM 10 (1 year): — — — — — ^ — — — — — — O 3 (max. 8 hours

mean): — — — — — — — — — — —

Other (to specify): — — — — — — — ^ — — — —

B. Maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and average exposure indicators: As follows:

Projection of maximum exceeding air quality limit values

for all zones: Projection of the average exposure indicator

(PM2,5 only (1 year)):

Sp

ecif

y b

asic

y

ear:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Ind

icat

e th

e b

ase

yea

r:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

PM 2,5 (1 year): ^ — — — — — — — However, 2 (1 years): — — — —

However: 2 (1 hour): — — — —

PM 10 (1 year): — — — —

PM 10 (24 hours): — — — —

O3 (max. 8 hours mean):

— — — —

Other (to specify): ^ — — —

C. Isolations showing the planned improvement of air quality and degree of harmonisation Charts or histograms that illustrate the projected evolution of ambient air concentrations (at

least NO 2, PM 10, PM 2,5 and O 3 and any other pollutants representing a problem) showing,

for example, the division number, from the total of air quality zones, which will be (do) until

2020, 2025 and 2030, the maximum national exceedances provided and the projected

average exposure indicators.

Not available.

D. Qualitative provides for the improvement of air quality and the extent of compliance (WAM) (in case it does not quantitative data in the tables above)

Improvement in quality for the improvement of air

quality and degree of harmonisation (WAM): Not available.

The assessment is that the implementation of the WAM measures could

improve air quality in relation to NO 2, so there is no exceedance as it is

the case in a single agglomeration.

The particle reduction reduction is unlikely to be sufficient to avoid

exceeding the GV for PM 10 and PM 2,5 (daily values), as the contribution

of cross-border remote sensing is high. Achieving the WHO will require a

significantly greater reduction in emissions.

Air quality from the point of view of ozone could be improved but not

significantly so as to remain non-compliant.


141

updated in a chapter of the Programme of the Programme.

8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROJECTIONS

For the years 2020, 2025 and 2030, Member States should report the projected impact on the environment in the

WAM scenario. The indicators should be aligned with those applied on the basis of the LRTAP Convention of the

exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone25.Member States may provide a

qualitative description of these effects or to quantify the effects in terms of the share of the exposed territory of the

Member State (%):

- acidification above the level of critical level

- eutrophication exceedances of critical levels

- ground-level ozone in exceedance of a threshold

The Plan on Air Protection, Ozone Layer and Climate Change Mitigation in Croatia for the period 2013-2017 (NN

No 139/13) envisaged implementing MPR-13 of the thresholds for harmful nitrogen deposition to determine the

degree of vulnerability to biodiversity in protected areas in Croatia. A measure has not been implemented and no

condition has been made to predict the environmental impact of the WAM on the scenario.

Table 2.9.5 of environmental impact projections (WAM) is not available at national or local level.

8.6 WAM PAM methodology AND uncertainty PAM

A sensitivity analysis was also carried out. In addition to sensitivity analysis depending on hydrological

conditions, a sensitivity analysis was performed and for other parameters that are essential for the electricity

system. The sensitivity to change in the following parameters was analysed:

• for the WAM scenario:

on net imports of up to 30 % of electricity, instead of scenario without net importation (excluding

Krško nuclear power plant);

net imports up to 30 % of electricity, instead of a scenario without net imports (except from the

Krško nuclear power plant), but in combination with 30 % lower natural gas price (compared to

EU reference scenario 2016);

25 https://www.rivm.nl/media/documenten/cce/manual/Manual_UBA_Texte.pdf

2.9.5Proieekciia tiecia for the Environment (WAM)

Base year used

for the

environmental

impact

assessment [specify]

2020: 2025: 2030: Description:

Exposure of national territory to acidification in

exceedance of the critical load threshold (%)

— — — — —

National territory exposed to eutrophication in


— — — — —

National territory exposed to ground floor zone in


— — — — —

In its table 2.9.6, the link with the methodology and the uncertainty of the WAM is PAM.

2.9.6WAM methodologies and uncertainties oniiia PAM

Details of methodologies/models used to determine

impact: Vidj eti Head e 4.1.1

Indicate the key assumptions and associated uncertainties

for WAM PAM:

Vidj eti Head e 4.1.1

https://www.rivm.nl/media/documenten/cce/manual/Manual_UBA_Texte.pdf


142

An examination of the analysis is given in Table 8-1 and Figure 8-7.

Table 8-1: Review of the sensitivity analysis

Scenario

analysing the

sensitivity of the

projections

Changed parameters Impact on pollutant emissions

WAM Net imports up to 30 % of electricity,

instead of scenario without net importation

(excluding Krško nuclear power plant)

Allowing net imports of electricity while keeping the rest of

the unchanged parameters would lead to a lower operation of a

fossil fuel power plant and lower pollutant emissions. Visible

emission reductions for SO 2 are up to 3 %, by up to 1.5 % NOx and below 1 % for NMVOC in 2030.

WAM

Net imports up to 30 % of electricity,

instead of a scenario without net imports

(excluding Krško nuclear power plant) but

in combination with 30 % lower natural

gas price (compared to EU reference

scenario 2016 prices)

In case of a further change of the import price of natural gas

(price decreases), the difference compared to the WAM would

be lower, as electricity production from natural gas would be

cheaper, but the emissions still show lower values compared

to the WAM scenario.

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T 3 0 B 1 z

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Figure 8-7Emissions sensitivity analysis against WAM scenario


143

8.7 MONITORING PROGRESS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

AND NATIONAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME

The procedures for determining the progress made in the current packages are described in Chapter 3.2. When

designing the NAP, Member States have to ensure that the progress in the implementation of the NPCP as a

whole, as well as for any additional SPS, is monitored by continuous and systematic data collection.

Intermediate targets should be established, where appropriate to ensure the early detection of any problems

that may arise with the implementation and application of the NAPCP and PAM. for NPCP as a whole,

progress with respect to the emission reduction trajectory established in the initial NPCP should be

undertaken.

Monitoring of the NAP and the individual PAM should be done throughout their life-cycle and at relevant

levels of implementation (i.e. national/regional/local):

• Implementation: the introduction of a PAM in law, plans and programmes at a local, regional and/or

national level as defined in the NAPPCP;

• Application: monitoring progress on the SRM according to their initial objectives. This should be

supported by monitoring individual indicators as described below;

• Compliance and enforcement: monitoring concrete actions by operators, authorities and agencies,

monitoring all inspections taking place and implementation measures implemented.

When defining indicators for PCP and individual PAM, Member States should ensure that these are relevant

(i.e. associated with the objectives of the NAPCP and PAM), accepted by the relevant stakeholders, reliable

(easy to interpret), simple (for monitoring) and robust (anti-manipulation).The indicators may be both

quantitative and qualitative. The exact choice of the indicator depends on the content and the administrative

framework in which the NPCP and individual PAM have been set up. For PAA- these targets a direct

emission reduction, the minimum change in annual emissions and contribution to concentrations from key

(relevant) sources should be monitored as a minimum.

Monitoring of progress in the implementation of the PAM and the national air pollution control programme

was monitored in Table 2.9.7.

2.9.7Monitoring progress on the implementation of the PAM and the national air pollution control programme Indicators selected for monitoring progress

in the implementation and/or

implementation of selected PAM:

- Report on the implementation of each plan and programme at national and local

level (plans, action plans and programmes), - Reduced vehicle odometer; - Number of vehicles with low emissions; - Share of facilities using the advanced mitigation system; - Replaced the number of household inefficient furnaces and boilers; - Number of houses fitted with insulation - Annual emissions from sources, - Contribution of the sources to concentrations of pollutants in ambient air

Indicators selected for monitoring progress

in the implementation and/or

implementation of NPCP.

- Report on the implementation of the measures foreseen by the WM and the

WAM scenario of the NPCP - Updating the relevant laws and regulations - Including PAM in laws, plans and programmes at local and national level - JLS number updating their air quality plans - Achieved emission reductions per year in relation to the planned emission

reduction trajectory - Reduction in concentrations of air pollutants (by measurement and using model)

Interim targets set at the level of the PAM

and/or NPCP: - Control of the implementation of specific actions defined in this Programme,

which need to be taken by operators, competent authorities, agencies, - Monitoring the implementation of the action plans; - Monitoring the operation of an inspection and its work undertaken;


144

To monitor progress in the implementation of air quality action plans, one of the measures is:

Setting up of tools/systems to assess progress by modelling urban air pollution, including by specifying the

contribution of transboundary air pollution, regional contributions and contributions from individual groups of

sources to transboundary air pollution. In fact, air quality measurements for a period of one year or several

years can show a deterioration in air quality, although emissions have been reduced. Floor level

concentrations depend heavily on meteorological climate conditions, such as in some years it may be, for

example, greater days from stagnating air masses and cumulation of pollution, and the transfer of pollution

from other areas may be very different from one year to another. By applying a model, each emission

reduction will be able to determine how much the improvement of air quality is as a result. Models can be also

more robust, type in order to be practical for use, an important comparison with the initial year of

implementation of a specific plan to improve air quality, and a relative assessment gives good information.

- In the zones contributing the most to particulate pollution (home boilers), the precise determination of

the technologies and fuels used should be determined. This will allow assessing the impact of

measures and the planning of incentive schemes as well as the level of financial resources needed.

- In strategic environmental studies and environmental impact studies, particular attention should be

paid to parts relating to particulate emissions and impact on air quality.


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9. DISSEMINATION OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME

This chapter corresponds to Chapter 2.10.‘Examination of the national acquisition and control programme’, a

common format for reporting national air pollution control programmes pursuant to NEC Directive of the

European Parliament and the Council on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric

pollutants.

Chapter and Table 2.10The formats are not mandatory but an arbitrary part of the Programme.

The chapter proposes women’s guidance for the dissemination of the Air Pollution Control Programme.

The Republic of Croatia, as well as other members of the EU, must actively and systematically inform the

public and the public concerned about the NPCP, publishing it in a publicly accessible online place (Article

14(1)NEC Directive).Article 19(10) provides: The Air Pollution Control Programme, as well as the updated

versions, shall be published in the Official Gazette and the Ministry’s website. This is in line with the

requirements of the UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making

and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention26) committing itself to ensuring

public access to environmental information.

The Directive also requires Member States to publish the datasets and data reported in accordance with

Article 10. NEC Directive and Article 12NEC, in a publicly accessible web location. Accordingly, and in

order to facilitate the use of all reported data according to NEC of the Directive, the Republic of Croatia

would include all available links to the data sets and reports together with the NEEAP, including links to:

• national emission inventories;

• the national emission discharge;

• informative inventory report; and

• additional reports and information to be notified to the Commission pursuant to Article 10NEC of the

Directive and Article 12. NEC Regulation including the location of tracking sites and related

indicators used for monitoring the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems, followed by follow-up

data as specified in Article 9. NEC of the Directive and Article 24. NEC Regulation.

2.10Dissemination of national air pollution control programme

26 Århus Convention — Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters by the Party of the Republic of Croatia in 1998 and ratification in December 2006 of Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l28140


146

Document: “Guidance on the elaboration and implementation of the initial National Air Pollution Control

Programmes under the new National Emissions Sheets Directive (2016/2284/EU)”, D 61728, Issue Number 6, Date

02/02/2018, Ricardo) indicate additional proposals as best practice for the dissemination of NAPCPs:

- develop a communication plan to support the dissemination of NAP’s dissemination.

to identify the target public and public concerned concerning NAPPCP (e.g. key competent

authorities, agencies, cities, benchmarks and testing laboratories, etc.) and the list of media

contacts and the timeframe for the issuance of press releases in relation to the NAPs.

- include indicators to determine the level of public interest in RCPs (such as the deployment of an

indicator for the number of uploads that has been uploaded to NPCP).

- the publication of non-technical public summaries to explain the purpose and content of the NAP.

Active and systematic dissemination of a national air pollution control programme to the public Overview of steps taken for the active

and systematic dissemination of NAG

as follows:

1. Verify all the listed links mentioned in the NPCP, that they are

operating, prior to any publication or submission. 2. Ava in the Narodne novine to the Narodne Novine (Official Gazette of

the Republic of Croatia) 3. Keep it on the MENP website Link to web page where ONPCP is

publicly available: httus: //www.mzoiu.

Link (s) to available database, basic

analysis and supporting statements FOR NPCP:

Link to national emission inventories and projections: httn:

//www.haon.hr/hr/emisiie-oneciscumcih-tvari-u-zrak-na-nodrucm- renublan-Croatian/emise-oncisuticuzi httn: //www.haon.hr/hr/tematska-uodrucia/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-

urome ene (s)

Link to spatial allocation of emissions: httns: //emen.haon.hr/

Link to data and reports supporting air quality in the Republic of Croatia: httn:

//iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786 Httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/index.. in HTML httu: //iszz.

azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30810 Httu: //iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809 httu: //iszz. more than 0 & t = 0 t = httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/ year.htm? NID = 0 & t = 4 Httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm httu: //iszz. Httu: //iszz. azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm

A link to the data related to the location of the monitoring sites and related

indicators used for monitoring the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems and

monitoring data: httu: //cdr.eionet. Euro/en/en/en/unadjusted revised/s/envwzww/

https://www.mzoip.hr/hr/okolis/zrak.html




http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-promjene/izvjesca

http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-promjene/izvjesca















http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/hr/eu/nec_revised/sites/envwzyyww/


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LITERATURE

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[2] C. Heapis, Long-Term Energy Alternatives Planning System, Maine: Stockholm Environment

Institute, 2016

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//strukturnifondovi.hr/.[Access cover 12 2 2018].

[6] Decision to adopt the Plan for the use of allowances received from the auctioning of allowances in

Croatia until 2020 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 19/18),

Zagreb: Government of the Republic of Croatia, 2018

[7] E. The Hague S., “The impact of ammonia on the environment and animal health” in 4, a common expert

group on DDD with international participation, 2001.

[8] “Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air in the Republic of Croatia 2017(1990.—

2015); According to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), “The

Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature”, Zagreb, 2017

[9] E. a. registration, 'Best Management Practices for Reducing Ammonia Emissions: Manure Application —

Fatit Sheet 1.631D, ‘Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

[10] “Report on the use of revenues from the auctioning of greenhouse gas allowances in Croatia in 2015”,

Ministry of Environment and Energy, Zagreb, 2017

[11] The Republic of Croatia, the ‘Energy Information System’ [Network].Available:Https:

//www.isge.hr.[Access cover 12 2 2018].

National Energy Efficiency Authority, ‘National Energy Efficiency Portal’,

‘[Network].Available:Www.enu.hr.[Access cover 12 2 2018].

[13] Fourth National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2017— 2019(informal version), Zagreb: MZOIP,

2017.

[14] Faculty of Construction, University of Zagreb, ‘CRSKILLS’

[Network].Available:Www.croskills.hr.[Access cover 12 2 2018].

[15] T. Pekšek, G. Krajačić, Z. Lulić, B. Ved Mashiesen and N. Duić, ‘Forecast-sourcing long-term energy

demand of Croatian transport sector,’ Energy, all of them.57, pp.169-176, 2016

[16] T. Prušec, B. Ved Matheisen and N. Duić, ‘Potentials for energy savings and long-term energy demand

https://strukturnifondovi.hr/

https://strukturnifondovi.hr/

https://www.isge.hr/

https://www.isge.hr/

http://www.enu.hr/

http://www.croskills.hr/


148

of Croatian households’,Apply Energy, all of them.101, pp.15-25, 2013

[17] B. Irsag, T. Pukšek and N. Duić, ‘Long term energy demand projection and potential for energy savings

of Croatian tourism and hospitality trade sector,’ Energy, all of them.48, No 1, pp.398-405, 2012

[18] ‘Statistical Yearbook 2015, Department of Statistics, Zagreb, 2016.

[19] P. Casa, A. De Vita, L. Paroussos, P. Pragukos, L. Holund-Iaksson, S. Frank and H. P. Witzke, “The

EU Reference Scenarios for 2016 Energy, Transport and GHG Trends to 2050,” European

Commission, Brussels, 2016.

[20] ‘Country Report Croatia 2015 Including an In-Depth Review on the prevention and correction of

macroeconomic imbalances, SWD (2015) 30 final, COM (2015) 85 final,’ European Coformation,

Brussels, 2015.

[21] ‘Croatia’s low-carbon development strategy to 2030 with an outlook to the year 2050, Draft,’ Ministry

of Environment and Energy, Zagreb, 2017.

[22] Odyssee-Mure, ‘ODYSSEE Database,’ [Network].Available:

Http: //www.indicators.odyssee-mure.eu/energy-efficiency-database.html.[Access cover 13 2 2018].

[23] ‘Greenhouse gas inventory report in the Republic of Croatia for the period 1990’— 2015(NIR 2017),

‘The Croatian Environment and Nature Agency’, Zagreb, 2017.

[24] “Guidelines for the production of greenhouse gas emission projections”, European Commission,

Brussels, 2012.

[25] Republic of Croatia, Croatia, Zagreb, 2005 “Waste management strategy of the Republic of Croatia

(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 130/05)”.

[26] Croatian Waste Management Plan 2017. Year 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the

Republic of Croatia) No 3/17), “Ministry of the Environment and Energy”, Zagreb, 2017.

[27] D. Fundusk and M. Minima, ‘Assessment of the amount of municipal waste in the Republic of Croatia

aged 1990-1998 and 1998-2010,’ 2000.

[28] “The Sustainable Waste Management Act (NN No 94/13), the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 2013

[29] Croatian Electricity Market Operator, ‘HROTE’, ‘Data from RES incentive scheme — December

2017,’ Croatian Electricity Market Operator, HROTE, Zagreb, 2017.

[30] ‘United Nations Convention on Climate Change,’ United Nations, New York, 1992.

[31] ‘Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’,’ United Nations,

Kyoto, 1998. [32] The “Paris Agreement,” United Nations, Paris, 2015.

[33] “2020 climate & energy packages, “European Commission” [Network].Available:Https:

//ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2020_en.

http://www.indicators.odyssee-mure.eu/energy-efficiency-database.html

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2020_en

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2020_en


149

[34] ‘EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)’, European Commission, [Network].Available:Https:

//ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en.

[35] “Decision 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of

Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions for the purpose,” of the Official Journal of the

European Union, 2009.

[36] ‘Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of

the use of energy from renewable sources’, Official Journal of the European Union, 2009.

[37] ‘Energy Efficiency Plan 2011’, European Commission, Brussels, 2011.

[38] ‘Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy

efficiency; ’, Official Journal of the European Union, 2012.

[39] “Commission subject to new rules for consumer based clean energy transition,” European Commission,

[Network].Available:Https: //ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes- new-rules-consumer-level

clear management.

[40] ‘A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050,’ European Commodities, Brussels,

2011.

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition


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ANNEX 1Description of the applied AND ADOPTED PAM energy

Important current strategies and plans include: The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia

(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 130/09), the Long-term Air Development

Plan for Croatia (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 74/14), the National

Renewable Energy Action Plan (NN No), the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NN No 139/13), the

National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NN No), the National Plan for Energy Efficiency in heating and cooling

(NN Nos 140/14 and 12/17), the Plan to use the financial resources obtained from the auctioning of allowances

through EU ETS auctions (NN Nos 19/18 and), the set of national programmes and plans for the renovation of

existing buildings and the increase of nearly zero-energy buildings (explained below) and the national Operational

Programmes for the use of the EU Funds.

Planning periods of some of the existing plans have expired but new very important policy documents and

measures are available in the draft versions or are in the process of development. Among them: Croatia’s low-

carbon development strategy for 2030 with an outlook to the year 2050, Energy Strategy for the Republic of

Croatia, 4National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2017In — 2019 Action plan for the implementation of the low-

carbon development strategy for 5 years, the 2025 Programme for Energy Efficiency in public lighting and the

Integrated Energy and Climate Action Plan for 2021-2030.

The measures described below are taken from the above-mentioned documents but also from other Croatian

legislation or the EU which contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

MEN-1: National plan for increasing the number of pre-vo-zero-energy buildings

According to Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, Member States are required to ensure

that, after 31.12.2020, all new buildings of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) and after 31.12.2018 all public

buildings occupied or owned by public authorities are to be built according to the Standard.

The calculation of the cost-optimal minimum energy performance criteria for all types of buildings was carried

out in 2013 and 2014. In the Technical regulation on the rational use of energy and thermal insulation in buildings

(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 128/15), the definitions of the NZEB is

adopted in order to ensure that the requirements of the EPBD are met.

The national plan for an increase in the number of NZEB was adopted in December 2014. The Development

Standard is developing a programme for the development of new facilities and renovation of existing buildings

and the renovation of existing buildings. Also, in 2014, a Decision was adopted on the adoption of a long-term

strategy for boosting investment in the renovation of the national building stock in the Republic of Croatia (NN No

74/14).

MEN-2: Energy renovation programme for multi-residential buildings

This measure provides for the continuation of the Programme for the Energy Reconstruction of multi-dwelling

buildings for the period 2014-2020 (NN No 78/14) with a detailed plan for the period 2014-2020, with a detailed

plan for the period -, with a focus on buildings constructed before 1987, with a view to their renewal to B, A or A +

energy classes.

The main source of funding is provided by the EU’s Structural and Investment Funds (EU SIF), namely from the

European Regional Development Fund. The aim is to increase the annual renovation rate from 1 % to 2 % of the

area of residential buildings. A redistribution of the available ESIF resources is the roadmap for renovation to

happen within a planned timeframe. An important source of financing for the renovation of residential buildings

in Croatia was revenues from auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances.

MEN-3: A programme to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources in

commercial non-residential buildings

The measure is based on the Energy Recovery Programme for Commercial non-residential buildings for the

period 2014.— 2020 with a detailed energy renovation plan for commercial non-residential buildings for the

period 2014— 2016 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 98/14) with an allocation

plan for the available funds from the EU’s SIPS for the implementation of actions, with a focus on the tourism and

trade sectors. Resources will be allocated in the form of grants and advanced financial instruments under EU


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651/2014 and 1407/2013 EU State aid rules.

An important source of financing for renewable energy in commercial non-residential buildings in the Republic of

Croatia was revenues from the auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances.

MEN-4: Energy renovation programme for family houses

The measure is based on the Family House Programme for the 2014-2020 period for the Family House, with a

detailed roadmap for the period 2014-2016 (NN Nos 43/14 and 36/15), containing a plan to allocate resources from

the EU to SIF and to improve the financial models for mobilising private capital. The aim is to support the

renewal of 4.000 family houses per year in Croatia. The auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances was an

important source of financing for the renovation of family housing in Croatia.

MEN-5: Energy renovation programme for public buildings

The measure is based on the Energy renovation programme of public sector buildings for the period 2014.—

2015(Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, 2014) and Energy renovation programme of public sector

buildings for the period 2016— 2020(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No

22/17).The public sector building energy renovation programme aims at raising the activity level of energy

renovation on 3 % of the total stock of the public sector building, reducing energy consumption for

cooling/heating in public sector buildings by up to 70 % per year, namely annual savings of about 50 GWh and

fulfilment of public sector building energy savings targets including alternative policy measures set out in the

Third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2014.— 2016

The main funding for the 2016-2020 period will be from SIF’s EU, the 2014-2020 Operational Programme for

Competitiveness and Cohesion, under the priority axis 4.— Promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy.

The funding will be set aside for the purposes of leveraging private capital and the ESCO market. A major source

of financing the refurbishment of public buildings in Croatia was the revenues from auctioning of greenhouse gas

emission allowances [10].

MEN-6: Public sector energy governance

Public sector energy management includes the implementation of continuous and systematic metering, planning

and improvement of the use of energy in the public sector. It includes the use of the national IT system to manage

the energy efficiency of ISGE [11].The Information System for Energy Management (ISGE) endorsed and

established by the UNDP, GEF, FZEU and the Government of the Republic of Croatia, is used as a national tool

for the systematic management of energy and water in public buildings. ISGE is the competence of the Ministry of

Construction and Spatial Planning and the Agency for Legal Affairs and Real Estate (APN).

The measure is governed by the Energy Efficiency Act (NN No 127/14), the Energy Efficiency Directive

2012/27/EU, the Rules on the systematic energy management in the public sector (NN No 18/15) and the systematic

energy management methodology (NN No 18/15).Between 2017 and 2019, the focus will be on automation of

energy and water consumption, reporting and verification of energy savings and staff training.

MEN-7: Energy consumption measurement and information statement

The Energy Efficiency Act (NN No 127/14) provides that energy distributors shall ensure that, to the extent

technically possible, they are financially justified and proportionate in relation to the potential energy savings,

final customers of energy and domestic hot water, shall be provided with competitively priced individual meters

that accurately reflect the final customer’s actual energy consumption. The energy supplier shall, on request, free

of charge, at the request of the final customer, provide, at least on an annual basis, information on the calculation

of electricity, heat and gas, and the historical consumption of the final customer.

Clear and understandable energy bills (electricity, heat and natural gas) and individual metering for energy

consumption are both distributors and energy suppliers. This increases consumers’ awareness of the way they

consume energy themselves. Invoices should include comparisons of consumption for the current year’s accounts

and for the corresponding period of the previous year.

MEN-8: Energy labelling of household appliances

The energy efficiency labelling scheme for household appliances is legally regulated. The Rules on the energy

efficiency labelling of household appliances (NN No 130/07), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of


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household dishwashers (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 101/11), the Rules on

the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by

energy-related products (NN No 101/11), the Rules on the energy labelling of household refrigerating appliances

(NN No 101/11), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of televisions (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of

the Republic of Croatia) No 101/11), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of televisions (Narodne Novine

(NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 101/11), the Rules on the energy efficiency labelling of

appliances (NN No 48/13), stipulate that the energy efficiency label must include all electric domestic appliances

that are powered by electricity, whether produced in the Republic of Croatia or imported.

Energy labels shall provide customers with information on the energy consumption of the device and shall be able

to make the choice more efficient. For the application of this action, ongoing work is ongoing on raising public

awareness and education, but also by co-financing the procurement of household appliances with the FZEU with a

view to increasing the market share of the household appliances with A, A +, A + + energy class in energy

efficiency classes, and a declining market share of household appliances below Class C.

MEN-9: Eco-design of energy-using products

The Rules on the definition of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 50/15) transposed Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and

of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-

related products (OJ L 285, 31.10In 2009) and Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directive 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing

Directive 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (OJ L 315, 14.11(2012).

This Regulation establishes a framework for setting the European Union requirements for the eco-design of

energy-related products, with a view to ensuring the free movement of those products within the internal market.

The Rules provide for the setting of requirements to be met by energy-related products covered by implementing

measures, so that they are placed on the market and/or put into service and contributes to sustainable

development, by increasing energy efficiency and a level of environmental protection, while at the same time

increasing the security of energy supply.

These Rules allow the implementation of European Commission Regulations that are representative of

implementing measures for Directive 2009/125/EC for specific product groups. The Rules entered into force on the

day of Croatia’s accession to the EU.

MEN-10: Promoting energy efficiency and the implementation of measures through the energy services model

The objective of promoting energy efficiency is to increase the awareness of people and businesses about the

opportunities and benefits of energy efficiency improvements. The lead authority shall be the National Energy

Efficiency Coordination Body (NKT), which regulates and promotes the national energy efficiency web portal

www.enu.hr [12].

Energy efficiency projects with implementation through energy services include the modernisation, reconstruction

and rehabilitation of existing installations and facilities aimed at rational use of energy, in such a way that

investment is recouped through energy and maintenance costs savings. These projects include development,

implementation and financing to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation and maintenance. The areas of

activity are public and private sectors, such as buildings (schools and kindergartens, offices, hotels, universities,

hospitals), public lighting, industry and power supply (cogeneration, district heating).

MEN-11: Energy poverty reduction programme

The reduction in energy poverty in Croatia will be achieved through three activities: the development of the

Programme to reduce energy poverty; strengthening the capacity of institutions to reduce energy poverty;

implementation of energy and water saving measures in households meeting the criteria of energy poverty [13] [6].

The financing of the measures is based on revenues from the auctioning of EU ETS allowances, the objective being

to implement measures at around 330 households per year.

MEN-12: Energy efficiency education

The aim of this measure is to set up education and certification systems for energy efficiency workers.

http://www.enu.hr/

http://www.enu.hr/


153

In accordance with the CRSKILLS project [14], the Rules on the training and certification system for construction

workers who are installing building elements with an impact on energy efficiency in the construction sector (NN

No 67/17) have been developed. The Rules aim at fostering the above training and upgrading the workforce for

more energy efficient construction and renovation of buildings in order to improve the performance of the work

performed.

An important source of financing for this measure is through the EU, SIF, An Operational Programme Efficient

Human Resources. MEN-13: National energy efficiency programme in public lighting

Public lighting is about 3 % of total direct electricity consumption in Croatia, and there is a significant energy

efficiency potential, according to the draft 4th National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for the 2017-2019

period.[13].The aim of this measure is to draw up and then implement a National Energy Efficiency Programme in

public lighting. The Programme needs to develop innovative financial models for the implementation of energy

efficiency projects in public lighting, with a focus on a more efficient allocation of available resources from the EU

SIF under the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for 2014-2020 years. The quantified energy

savings target of the Programme has been achieved every year by 2020 in public lighting systems of more than 30

GWh and reaching over 50 % of the public lighting system.

MEN-14: Green public procurement

Green public procurement (in short: ZJN) is a voluntary environmental protection instrument that stimulates

environmental protection and sustainable consumption and production. It is defined as the procedure by which

the procuring entities purchase goods, works and services defined by criteria that contain key environmental

pressures, relating to resource and energy consumption, impact on biodiversity and eutrophication, toxicity,

pollutant, greenhouse gas and CO2, and generation of waste at source. This measure aims to attach environmental

protection criteria to public procurement. Based on the National Action Plan on Green Public Procurement for

the period 2015-2017 with a view to 2020 (Ministry of Environment and Energy, August 2015), public

procurement entities should include environmental criteria. The aim is to include environmental criteria for a

minimum of 50 % of public procurement by 2020. It is developing a national action plan for green public

procurement for 2018-2020 with an outlook to 2023.

The Public Procurement Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 120/16)

provides for an economic evaluation of the tenders, including an assessment of the social and environmental

criteria, which will be a strong incentive to green public procurement.

MEN-15: Industry energy audits

This measure should provide support to assess potential energy savings in industrial installations through co-

financing of the implementation of energy audits. An industrial energy inspection scheme shall include:

- mandatory energy audits for large companies (firms meeting at least two of the following conditions: total

assets of at least HRK 130 000 000,00, an annual income of at least HRK 260 000 000,00, at least 250

employees on average over the financial year).The obligation is governed by the Energy Efficiency Act

(NN No 127/14);

- a voluntary energy inspection scheme for small and medium-sized enterprises. On a voluntary basis,

energy audits are supported by the financial resources provided by the FPS.

MEN-16: Industrial energy efficiency network

The industrial energy efficiency network (MIEE) is a national energy efficiency promotion energy programme

in the economy — small, medium-sized and large companies. It is an instrument of voluntary cooperation by

energy consumers, professionals, state institutions, interested parties to a functional structure with the

objective of improving the rational use of energy, i.e. promoting energy efficiency in the industrial sector,

supporting the synergies of the process where possible and facilitating access to available resources through

different options.

MEN-17: Increasing the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in industrial sector


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The plan of this measure is to reallocate available resources from the EU to SIF, based on the Operational

Programme for Competitiveness and Cohesion, as well as the funds available for auctioning allowances in the

EU, and focus on the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in the industrial sector.

The distribution of funds shall be in accordance with EU rules 651/2014 and 1407/2013 on State aid.

The Grant Agreement signed under the call ‘Increasing energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources

in the manufacturing industries’ was signed on 18 June 2018 and signed and awarded to beneficiaries (77)

(Ministry of Environment and Energy and the EU of the Union).It was initially foreseen to allocate HRK 114

million, but due to a large number of quality project proposals, it increased the total value of the grants

awarded in HRK 269.327.760,66. Funds under the Competitiveness and Cohesion operational programme

2014-2020After implementation of the envisaged activities driven by this call, CO2 emissions will be less than

17.125 tonnes per year. In addition, the overall industrial sector without the food industry will reduce the need

for non-renewable energy sources for

83,7 Million kWh and 0,97 % of total energy consumed annually by the sector in the Republic of Croatia.

MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and a system of premiums supporting the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation and high efficiency cogeneration

The main mechanism, due to the previous development of renewable energy sources, are FITs (tariffs).“Fed-in

tariff ” (FiT) is an incentive scheme, typically used for RES, small-scale cogeneration and other State power

plants, that the distribution or transmission network operator concludes contracts with an operator of the plant,

where they would pay a fixed price for each electricity unit supplied in advance for a certain number of years.

The tariffs depend on the source type, the power plant and the amount of electricity produced.

In addition to an incentive system for electricity, the production of CHP installations makes it possible to

adopt appropriate legislation to promote heat production from cogeneration (defining the status of heat

generator).

In the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (Ministry of Economy, 2013) the Republic of Croatia has set

out targets and policy for increasing the share of RES of total energy consumption to 20 % by 2020, 35 % in

electricity generation, 10 % in heating and 20 % in heating and cooling.

The Renewable Energy Sources and High-Efficiency Cogeneration Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 100/15) recast the existing feed in tariff system on premium, and

adjusted the system of incentives with the Guidelines on State aid for environmental protection and energy

2014-2020.(2014/C 200/01).Since the documents are still in the process of being accepted, the design contests

according to the new model have not yet been implemented.

MEN-19: Energy efficiency programme in heating and cooling

The Energy Efficiency in Heating and Cooling programme (the Ministry of the Economy, 2014) analysed the

potential for developing district heating, mapping energy and heat production, exploring the potential for

additional high-efficiency cogeneration and assessing possible support mechanisms for efficient cogeneration.

The programme defined guidelines for the development of the heating and cooling sector and of primary

energy savings.

MEN-20: Encouraging the use of renewables and energy efficiency via HBOR

In order to finance projects in the field of environmental protection, the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (HBOR) endorses loans through its Loan Programme for Environment, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy Projects.

The objective of the programme of lending to environmental, energy efficiency and renewable energy projects

is to make investment projects focused on environmental protection, to improve energy efficiency and to

encourage the use of renewable energy sources. Loan proceeds are intended for investment in land, buildings,

equipment and tools. The final beneficiaries of loans may be local and regional self-government units, utilities,

companies, craft businesses and other legal entities.

MEN-21: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency


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FZOEU

The EPEEF provides funds to finance the preparation, implementation and development of programmes and

projects in the field of environmental protection, improvement of energy efficiency, use of renewables and

mitigation of climate change.

The financing shall be provided by revenue assigned to the Fund against compensation of the environmental

pollutants, including allowances for emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, the

charge for environmental loading of waste, environmental user charges and special environmental charges for

powered vehicles.

FPS is awarded for energy efficiency improvement projects, including CHP installations, centralised thermal

systems, energy audits and demonstration activities, street lighting projects, fuel substitution and waste heat

recovery, and buildings and sustainable construction projects.

RES projects funded by the EPEEF include solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, energy from small hydro-

electric power plants and geothermal energy.

The EU grants funding to local and regional self-government units, companies, craft businesses, NGOs, non-profit

organisations and natural persons through loans, interest subsidies, financial assistance and donations. It is

important to note that operators of installations within the EU ETS may also apply for certain competitions

provided by the FPS.

MEN-22: CO2 emission tax for fixed sources that are not in the EU ETS

The unit fee regulation, the correction coefficients and the closer criteria and criteria for determining the

compensation for the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment of carbon dioxide (NN Nos 73/07, 48/2009

and 2/2018) are bound by the obligation to pay CO2 compensation for all sources emitting more than 30 tonnes of

CO 2 per year and 450 tonnes of CO 2 per annum as of 1 January 2018. Fee debtors investing in energy efficiency,

renewables and other measures to reduce CO 2 and other greenhouse gas emissions are subject to a lower fee. The

FPS is empowered to charge and collect the compensation.

The Act amending the FMZEU Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 144/12)

provides that, as from 1 January 2013, the legal or natural persons owning or using at least one source of CO 2

emissions for which greenhouse gas emissions permits have been obtained which, in accordance with a solution in

accordance with a special regulation governing air protection, are excluded from the ETS, should pay a specific

annual greenhouse gas emission allowance. The compensation is paid into the FRiEU.The level of the unit fee shall

be determined by the Government of Croatia each year for the preceding calendar year until 31.03.

Amount of compensation paid by installations operators excluded from the EU ETS pursuant to Article

27Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the

Community was set out in the Decision on a unit greenhouse gas emission allowance for installations of

installations excluded from the trading scheme. The 2013 unit fee was HRK 32,78 for the broadcast of a tonne of

CO 2 in 2013 (NN No 105/14), HRK 45,40 in 2014 (NN No 96/15), HRK 58,29 in 2015, HRK 39,53 in 2016 and HRK

58,29 in 2017.

The price for the current year shall be determined on the basis of the average EU price in the EU ETS the

previous year.

MEN-23: Revitalisation and energy efficiency of existing thermal plants and hydroelectric power stations

The activities of this measure concern HEP-Generation d.o.o., a company owned by HEP d.d., a dominant part of

the national energy company HEP groups. As specified in 4. The national energy efficiency action plan [13], the

following years, the renewal plans and implementation of the energy efficiency measures in existing thermal power

stations and hydroelectric power stations include: reconstruction of water management systems, new steam boiler,

optimisation and automation of hydropower plants, hydropower plants, hydro power plants, reduction of captive

heat use, new measurement systems, etc.

MEN-24: Reconstruction and restoration of the spindle and steam;

The ageing and damage of the spindle and steam causes major losses of energy. The Heat Energy Market Act (NN

Nos 80/13, 14/14, 102/14, 95/15), JLS and the heat distribution energy entities are required to ensure, inter alia, a

quality provision of energy distribution activities for heat distribution based on the principles of sustainable


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development, ensure distribution network maintenance, and take care of energy efficiency and environmental and

nature protection.

In the period 2014-2020, the co-financing of a significant share of the required investments is ensured under the

Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014-2020.

MEN-25: Operation of the electricity system and development of the transmission and distribution network

The Croatian Transmission System Operator (HOPS) shall be responsible for the reduction of losses in the

transmission network, the development of the transmission network and the management of the electricity system.

As specified in 4. A National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, HOPS will focus on optimising the network topologies

and reducing losses and the development of network capacities.

The HEP-DSO d.o.o. (HEP-ODS) is responsible for reducing losses in the distribution network and introducing

advanced benchmarks for final consumers in Croatia.

The funding for the pilot project for the deployment of “smart grids” is made available under the Operational

Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014-2020.

MEN-26: Reduction of volatile organic compounds emissions from refuelling of motor vehicles

petrol vehicles at service stations

The Regulation on environmental protection standards for the reduction of emissions of volatile organic

compounds due to the charging of motor vehicles with petrol at service stations (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 44/16) lays down technical standards for the protection of the environment,

ensuring reduction of air pollution from volatile organic compounds emitted during the filling of motor vehicles

with petrol at service stations. The Regulation requires that any petrol station (new and existing) must be

equipped with a petrol vapour recovery system in addition to the prescribed parameters and conditions. All

existing service stations with a throughput greater than 3.000 m³/year shall be equipped with a petrol vapour

recovery system no later than 31 December 2018.

MIP-3: Reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to storage and distribution

gasoline

The Regulation laying down technical environmental protection standards against emissions of volatile organic

compounds due to the storage and distribution of petrol (NN No 135/06) lays down technical environmental

standards for petrol storage and refuelling points at terminals and service stations and mobile containers used for

transporting petrol from one terminal to another or from the terminal to a service station and deadlines for their

achievement.

MIP-5: Quality control of petroleum derived fuels

The quality of petroleum derived fuels is regulated by the Decree on the quality of petroleum derived fuels and the

monitoring, reporting and methodology of life-cycle GHG emissions of supplied fuels and energy (NN No 57/17)

and the annual monitoring programmes for the quality of petroleum derived fuels marketed in the Republic of

Croatia or used for own use.

This Regulation lays down the limit values for the component and/or quality characteristics of petroleum derived

fuels, the method for determining and monitoring the quality of petroleum derived fuels, the conditions for the

operation of sampling laboratories and for laboratory analysis of the quality of petroleum fuels, the means of

proof of conformity of products, the name and labelling of products, the method and deadlines for submitting

reports on the quality of petroleum derived fuels and reports on fuel life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and

energy from fuel and energy, the methodology for the calculation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of

energy for base 2010, the methodology for the calculation of the contribution of electric road vehicles to reducing

greenhouse gas emissions, the format of the report and the length of the data transmission to the competent

authorities of the EU.

Annual monitoring programmes for the quality of petroleum derived fuels provide for the sampling of liquid oil

fuels in particular for service stations, storage places and transport tankers, the number and frequency of

sampling for petroleum derived fuels, sampling sites, depending on the amount of petroleum derived fuels put into

practice by the supplier on the market in the Republic of Croatia or which it uses for its own purposes, and the


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method of performing laboratory analysis of samples of petroleum derived fuels and reporting on the conduct of

analyses.

This measure directly affects the sulphur, lead, olefins, aromatics, benzene, oxygen, polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons, oxygenates and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the following fuels: petrol, diesel, gas oil, fuel

oil, marine fuel and kerosene, including on reduction of SO2 and NMVOC.

MEN-29: Limitation of pollutant emissions from non-road mobile machinery

The limitation of pollutant emissions for non-road mobile machinery shall be regulated in the Rules on the

prevention of the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed

in non-road mobile TPV 401 (Edition 02) machinery (NN No 113/15).

The Rules apply for the type-approval of internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile

machinery with regard to the emission of pollutants and laying down the emission limit values and methods, the

means of identification, type-approval procedures and the issuing of type-approval certificates for internal

combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery and the conditions for conformity of production

of such engines. New engines and non-road mobile machinery to which they are installed may only be placed on

the market and put into service if they are provided with a valid type approval certificate. These Rules also lay

down the obligation to establish the conformity of internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile

machinery and the conditions to be complied with by legal persons to carry out certain operations in the

conformity procedure.

The regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate pollutants.

Turnover

MTR-1: Consumer information on fuel economy and CO 2 emissions of new personal

automobiles

In accordance with the Rules on the availability of fuel economy and CO 2 emissions from new passenger cars (NN

No 7/15), each supplier of new passenger cars for sale shall provide consumers with the information available on

the fuel consumption level and the specific emissions of CO 2 of passenger vehicles. The Ministry of the Interior, as

the central state administration body responsible for road transport safety, on the basis of the Rules once a year,

shall produce no later than 31 March of the current year a guide on fuel economy and CO 2 emissions of new

passenger cars available for purchases on the market in Croatia. The guide contains the necessary information for

every model of new passenger cars available on the domestic market.

MTR-2: Driver training for road vehicles

Pilot projects have been implemented and are systematic training of road vehicles drivers. This saves energy and

increases the awareness of all citizens and drivers in Croatia about the benefits of this modern, intelligent, green

driving style. Specific elements are dedicated to the training of drivers of passenger cars, buses and lorries on the

road [13].

Education on the elements of eco-driving is being carried out with a short training (of up to about 60-120 minutes

per candidate) among the drivers who have obtained the driving licence before the Rules on the training of learner

drivers (NN No 13/09), which requires all driving schools and trainers to carry out training in the elements of eco-

driving elements during the standard training of a candidate driver. It should be pointed out that the proposed

measure does not apply to new drivers who receive training on the subject of journey in accordance with the legal

obligations set out in the Rules of Procedure referred to above.

In 2015, around 1.000 drivers passed the train training in. This measure achieved a saving of 17,513 TJ in 2015.

the maximum number of trained drivers of trucks and buses (even trained drivers) (even 645 trained drivers)

which are also the largest consumers and their training resulted in savings of 14,6 TJ. estimated that there exist

around 1.500.000 driving licence drivers in Croatia before the Rules on learner drivers’ training (NN No 13/09)

have been entered into force, namely the drivers who have undergone no or insufficient training of the eco-driving.

MTR-3: Obligation to use transport biofuels

The basic provision regulating and promoting the use of biofuels is the Transport Biofuels Act (NN Nos 65/09,

145/10, 26/11, 144/12, 14/14).


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Pursuant to this law, in 2010 a national plan of action was prepared to promote the production and use of biofuels

in transport for the period 2011-2020. The plan sets out a policy to promote the increased production and use of

biofuels in transport in Croatia. The plan shall include a review and assessment of the state of the fuel for

transport and air protection, comparative analysis, long-term objectives, including the targeted biofuel market

and measures to promote increased production and the use of biofuels in transport.

The measures required by an aquis plan include mj ere, which promote the production of raw materials for the

production of biofuels, measures to promote biofuel production with regard to compensation for the promotion of

production, measures to promote biofuel consumption with regard to distributors of liquid petroleum products

with a view to placing biofuels on the market, administrative measures and R & D activities. The National

Renewable Energy Action Plan (Ministry of the Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts, 2013) set out objectives

and policies related to the uptake of RES share of final energy consumption by 2020 and the specific estimated

energy contribution of biofuels in transport.

In 2014, the national system was amended to support the mere use of biofuels in transport and not their

production. Croatia needs to re-amend the scheme in 2017 to include the provisions of Directive 2015/1513 (ILUC

Directive) for biofuels in transport, but this will be done in 2018.

The limit values for the quality characteristics of biofuels placed on the market on the domestic market, how the

quality of the biofuels are determined, and how compliance has been demonstrated, is laid down in the Quality of

Biofuels Regulation (NN No 141/05, 33/11).The Regulation aims to place on the market the domestic market for

biofuels and other renewable fuels of the same quality as a substitute for diesel fuel or petrol for transport

purposes, to meet climate change obligations, environmentally friendly security of supply and the promotion of

renewable energy.

MTR-4: Special environmental charge per motor vehicle

The existing system for the payment of special environmental fees for powered vehicles is governed by the

Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of

Croatia) Nos 107/03, 144/12), the Regulation on unit charges, the correction coefficients and closer criteria and

criteria for establishing the special environmental charge on motor vehicles (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette

of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 114/14 and 147/14) and the Rules on the method and deadlines for calculating and

paying special environmental charges on motor vehicles (NN No 20/04).Under the special environmental charge

for powered vehicles, it is understood that the compensation paid by legal and natural persons shall be understood

by the owners or holders of the rights of power-driven vehicles. The special fee shall be calculated plus the

payment of registration of the vehicle or the verification of the roadworthiness of the vehicle on the basis of the

FMZEU solution. The specific charge shall be levied taking into account the type of engine and fuel, the engine

volume, type of vehicle, CO 2 emission and the age of the vehicle.

MTR-5: Special tax on motor vehicles

The special tax on motor vehicles is laid down in the Special Vehicle Tax Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 15/13, 108/13, 115/16, 127/17).The tax relates to vehicles intended for use

on the roads in the Republic of Croatia at the time of their first registration in Croatia. Tax depends on the price

of the vehicle, the fuel type and the CO2 emissions.Hybrid electric vehicles shall not be subject to this tax.

MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of hybrid and electric vehicles

Due to technological development costs, electric and hybrid vehicles are currently more expensive than

conventional vehicles using internal combustion engines. Electric vehicles are significantly more efficient than

conventional from a primary energy consumption point of view and are almost neutral from a CO2 emission point

of view, provided that they are powered by electricity produced using renewable sources.

With the aim of increasing the share of electric and hybrid vehicles, subsidies were introduced for the purchase of

electric and hybrid vehicles through grants. This appropriation is paid by the EU FRs revenue, notably through

the collection of special environmental fees for powered vehicles, and on the basis of funds collected from the

auctioning of emission allowances [13] [6].

MTR-7: Alternative fuels infrastructure developments

Pursuant to Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of infrastructure for fuel alternatives, the Republic of


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Croatia adopted a national policy framework for the establishment of infrastructure and the development of the

market for alternative fuels in transport (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No

34/17) and the Act on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette

of the Republic of Croatia) No 120/16) with a view to promoting and ensuring the development of alternative fuels

infrastructure, in order to minimise the dependence on oil and to mitigate the negative environmental impact of

transport.

The measure also includes the development of an infrastructure for the use of liquid natural gas (LNG) in

maritime transport. Actions will be funded on the basis of different models: from utility companies, by means of

revenues from the auctioning of emission allowances based on the EU ETS and from SIF under the 2014-2020

Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Programme, under Priority 7 — Connect, coordinating with local

administration, etc.

MTR-8: Promoting integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternative fuels in urban

areas

Transport and mobility needs are one of the greatest environmental burdens in urban areas. The increase in the

number of passenger cars, the way in which they are used, the volume of traffic and the non-structured expansion

of urban areas have largely reversed the technological progress with regard to energy efficiency of vehicles and the

intensity of emissions, including noise.

This action includes the promotion of optimising the transport of goods, integrated transport of citizens, smart

traffic management, the promotion of car sharing schemes, the promotion of public bicycles, and measures to

support the development of alternative fuels infrastructure in urban areas.

This measure ensures a gradual development of sustainable transport systems in urban areas of the Republic of

Croatia where sustainable development plans need to be drawn up as basic documents. These include analysis of

the current situation, definition of vision and objectives, analysis of impact and adoption of measures for all modes

of transport, allocation of responsibilities, method of implementation and monitoring mechanism. these plans

should be adopted at the level of big cities, and should be prepared in line with EC guidelines and financed

through EU programmes and funds.

Further, there is to be incentives also from the EU to SIF under the 2014-2020 priority competitiveness and

cohesion, with priority axis 7 — Connectivity and Mobility, to develop a public transport system with low CO 2.

MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the liquid

fuels

Under the Air Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14,

61/17), the supplier who places fuel on the domestic market shall monitor the greenhouse gas emissions per unit of

energy during the lifetime of the fuel. Suppliers should draw up a report to be authenticated and communicated to

the HATP.

Pursuant to the Act, the Decree on the quality of petroleum derived fuels and the method for monitoring and

reporting life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (NN No 57/17) and the methodology for calculating the quality of

petroleum derived fuels (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No) lays down the limit

values for the components and/or quality characteristics of petroleum derived fuels, the method for determining

and monitoring the quality of petroleum derived fuels, the method for demonstrating the conformity of products,

the name and labelling of products, the method and deadlines for submitting reports on the quality of petroleum

derived fuels and reports on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of fuel and energy, the methodology for the

calculation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy for base 2010, the methodology for the

calculation of the contribution of electric road vehicles to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the format of the

report and the length of the data transmission to the competent authorities of the EU.

MTR-10: Prevention and control of emissions into air from ships

Regulation on the publication of the 1997 Protocol amending and supplementing the 1973 International

Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as modified by the 1978 Protocol.(MARPOL 73/78)

(International Treaties, NN No 4/05).Specific mandatory measures are imposed on the application of specific

mandatory measures to discharge SOx from ships in order to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from SOx,


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as well as its accompanying adverse effects on land and sea. In addition to SOx, nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone

depleting and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are controlled. Except for the pollutants, this protocol also

regulates burning on board a ship, which is only permitted in the litter carrier’s litter, and the fuel quality that

must be used, and the sea areas where a specified quality fuel may be used. Except for ships, prescribed 19 rules

shall also apply to fixed and floating platforms as well as drilling rigs, shall comply with the requirements of this

Protocol with the exception of lowering due to research, exploitation and offshore processing of minerals from the

seabed or the use of hydrocarbons which are produced and subsequently used on the platform as a fuel.

Rules on the Statutory Certification of Marine Ships, Pollution Prevention (NN No 32/18) stipulate technical

requirements for ships of Croatian nationality in relation to the prevention of marine and air pollution by ships

and contain provisions consistent with the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from

Ships, as amended by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78) in relation to Appendix VI against air pollution

prevention.

MTR-11: Limitation of pollutant emissions from road vehicles

The limitation of pollutant emissions for non-road mobile machinery shall be regulated by: The Rules on the

approval procedure for motor vehicles with regard to the measures to reduce pollution by TPV 102 (edition 02)

(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 49/13 and 57/13) and the Rules on the

approval procedure for motor vehicles with regard to emissions reduction measures for the engine TPV 102

(edition 00) (NN No 17/08).

The Regulation (Edition 00) regulates the procedure for the approval of motor vehicles of category M and N (1) by

reference to measures to reduce the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from their engines and of

replacement catalytic converters intended for such vehicles.

The Regulation (issue 02) is applied with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro

5 and Euro 6).

The regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons

and nitrogen oxides (HC + NOx) and particulate matter.

Manufacturing processes and product use

The Croatian Industrial Strategy 2014— 2020 defines the industrial development objectives and key indicators of

the Croatian industry in the period 2014.— 2020According to the “realistic scenario”, the physical volume of

industrial production in 2008 is expected to be achieved by 2020, when the main degree of economic activity of the

Republic of Croatia is achieved.

The measures belonging to the EU ETS are included in the chapter Other (cross-cutting) PAM under measure

MCC-4A European Emissions Trading System (the measures are described below):

- the cement ratio for cement production — cement share in cement is in the range of 1530 %, depending on the

composition of the raw material, the availability of addenda to the relevant market composition, and market

requirements for single cement types (clinker account share is defined by standards HRN EN 197-1);

- the increase in recycled glass in the manufacture of glass — the return of packaging glass that has lost their

useful value to the production process (depends on the efficiency of the glass collection system in Croatia and

on the possibility of waste glass imports);

- abatement in nitric acid production (catalytic decomposition).The installation of a secondary catalyst beneath

the catalytic networks of the primary catalyst for decomposition N 2 O is possible to achieve an emissions

reduction of N 2 O to 88 %; The measure is cost-effective due to the relatively low marginal costs and the

high emission reduction potential of N 2 O.For the removal of NOx, a unit for low-temperature catalytic

reduction installed in a unit for the production of nitric acid — selective catalytic reduction in application.

In addition to the production of cement, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and ammonia, a key source in the product

production processes and use is the production of petrochemicals, and in the historical period of soot, the non-

energy use of fuels, the use of products and the consumption of halogenated hydrocarbons in the cooling and

cooling systems. The following measures are included:

MIP-1: Reduction of VOC emissions to the sector of use products containing


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solvents

The Regulation on VOC content limit values in certain paints and varnishes used in construction and vehicle

refinishing products (NN No 69/13) lays down limits on the content of volatile organic compounds in certain paints

and varnishes used in construction and vehicle refinishing products which are allowed to be placed on the market,

how to identify and monitor product quality, the means to demonstrate compliance, the name and labelling of

products, the method and time limit for submitting product quality reports to the competent authorities of the

EU.Users of solvents containing solvents may develop and implement an annual solvent management plan,

reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds, as well as carbon dioxide emissions.

Agriculture

The positive impact of the implementation of measures on the emission of pollutants (NH3, NMVOC, NOx, PM2,5

and PM10) and the total greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector shall be reflected in the direct

reduction of emissions of the declared pollutants, methane and nitrogen compounds. Measures included to form

the scenario for the gradual transition of agriculture with respect to the reference scenario:

MAG-7: Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020

One of the most significant areas of activity of the EU institutions, both in terms of the scope of the acquis, and in

terms of share of EU budget, is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).Rural development, as the second pillar of

the CAP, was financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD).A precondition for

the possibility to use the EAFRD funds is to produce the Rural Development Programme of the Republic of

Croatia for the years 2014-2020 (RDP 2014-2020).The objectives and targets of the ‘European strategy for smart,

sustainable and inclusive growth — EUROPE 2020’, the economic, environmental and territorial challenges of the

EU, are reflected through the CAP’s three objectives, which are: the competitiveness of agriculture, the

sustainable management of resources and the balanced development of rural areas. The objectives of this

programme are to achieve the objectives of the CAP through the actions chosen through the six priorities of

action:

— Fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural areas

- improving the sustainability and competitiveness of agriculture in all regions and promoting innovative

farm technologies and sustainable management of forests

- promoting food chain organisation, including processing and marketing of agricultural products, animal

welfare and risk management in agriculture

- restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry

- promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low carbon, climate resilient in

agriculture, food and forestry sectors

- promoting social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas.

Waste

An additional significant number of bylaws need to be adopted to ensure effective implementation of the measures

included in the Waste sector, in addition to the already adopted sectoral EU legislation, in particular as regards

the obligations under new EU rules with legally binding targets for recycling of waste and reducing landfilling.

These rules lay down a fixed timetable for Member States to make the adaptation of national legislation for the

transition to a circular economy in the next two years. This will have primarily an impact on the post-2020

projections for MM-1, MMW-2 and MW-4 measures, described below. According to the law, quantitative

objectives and deadlines for reducing the total amount of landfilled waste to be landfilled are defined. By the end

of 2017 the maximum weight of waste that could be disposed of in non-compliant landfills was 800.000 tonnes.

Disposal of waste in non-compliant landfills in Croatia is prohibited after 31 December 2017.

MW-1: Prevention and reduction of municipal solid waste

This is the first priority of the management of municipal waste according to the Sustainable Waste Management

Act. This measure should be achieved by means of production, education, education, economic instruments, the

application of regulations on integrated environmental conditions, and investment in modern technologies. The

Croatian Waste Management Plan for 2017.— 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of


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Croatia) No 3/17) defined the objectives to be achieved by 2022, compared to 2015. The objective on the

improvement of municipal waste management systems includes the target for the 5 % reduction of total municipal

waste generated.

MW-2 Increase in separately collected and recycled solid municipal solid waste

In addition to the Sustainable Waste Management Act, quantitative targets and timelines for increasing the

amount of separately collected and recycled municipal waste are defined in the Republic of Croatia’s Waste

Management Plan for 2017.— 2022. Provision should be made for the preparation for re-use and recycling of the

following waste materials by 2020: paper, metal, plastic and glass from the household, possibly also from other

sources, if these waste streams are similar to household waste, at a minimum of 50 % of the weight of the waste.

MW-3: Flaring and NMVOC incineration

The Rules on the methods and conditions for the disposal of waste, categories and conditions of operation for

landfill (NN No 114/15) and the Rules on waste management (NN No 117/17) lay down strict technical operating

conditions for landfills, which reduce the potential for adverse consequences of a landfill. Landfill gas should be

provided with a gas collection system to be processed and used. If landfill gases cannot be used for energy

purposes, they should be burned in the area of the landfill and should prevent methane and NMVOC emissions

from atmospheric.

MW-4: Reduction of the amount of biodegradable solid municipal solid waste deposited

The aim of this measure is to reduce the amount of the biodegradable waste fraction that is landfilled, which is to

be processed through composting and anaerobic digestion processes in the biogas installations.

According to the Sustainable Waste Management Act, quantitative targets were set for the reduction of the

proportion of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfill. By the end of 2020, the proportion of biodegradable

municipal waste going to landfill must be reduced to 35 % by weight of biodegradable municipal waste produced

in 1997.

MW-5: Biogas use for electricity and heat production

The measure is linked to a measure relating to Feed-in tariff and the premium scheme to support the use of

renewable energy sources in electricity generation and for high-efficiency cogeneration in the sector of energy. The

main mechanism to encourage the use of biogas to produce electricity and to encourage the construction of

cogeneration biogas installations are feed-in tariffs (tariffs) depending on the source type, the power plant and the

amount of electricity produced. By looking to the Waste sector, the greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential

of this measure represents the methane emission reduction potential (generated by the anaerobic digestion of

biodegradable fraction waste), used to generate electricity and heat.

Other (Inter-service) PAM

MCC-1: Cross-sectoral Coordination Commission for PAM: mitigation and adaptation changes

In accordance with the Air Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos

130/11, 47/14, 61/17), the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Croatia in 2014 established a Commission

for cross-sectoral coordination on mitigation and adaptation related to climate change (Narodne Novine (NN;

official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 114/14).The panel was responsible for monitoring and assessing the

implementation and planning of PAM for mitigating and adapting to climate change in Croatia. Representatives

of the competent national authorities and other relevant institutions, agencies and non-governmental organisations

shall be appointed to the Commission. The commission, tasks and working methods of the commission shall be

determined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia on a proposal from the ministry responsible for

environmental protection. The panel shall be composed of the Coordination Group and the Technical Working

Group.

MCC-2: System for measuring and verifying energy savings

The energy savings measurement and verification system (SMIV) was established in the Rules on the system for


163

monitoring, measuring and verifying energy savings (NN No 71/15).It has, since June 2014, monitored energy

savings through the SMIV application (resulting from the measures of activation policies defined in the National

Action Plan for the Energy Efficiency — NEEAPs) and the reduction of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. It

is possible to monitor through SMIV the application of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the

four end-use consumption sectors: Industry (public and commercial), Industry, Transport and Home Affairs. The

web application uses the bottom-up methodology which is part of the Ordinance on monitoring, measurement and

verification of energy savings. It is important to note that, where there are results of measurements before and

after the implementation of an action, this exact data can be provided through the graphic interface of the

programme. Otherwise, when the measurements are not made available before or after the measures have been

implemented, the reference values prescribed by the Rules shall be used. SMEIV administers the National Energy

Efficiency Coordination Body (NKT) and is an important component of the future system of energy efficiency

obligations in the Republic of Croatia.

MCC-3: Promoting the use of innovative information and communication technologies (ICTs) in order to

reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases

Innovative ICT technologies have an increasingly important role to play in reducing emissions of pollutants and

greenhouse gases and increasing energy efficiency. Through intensification of their use in public administration,

services and production processes, labour productivity and efficiency will increase while reducing energy

consumption and resulting emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. The measure is expected to increase the

uptake of innovative ICT and monitoring of real energy savings, as well as a reduction in pollutant and

greenhouse gas emissions.

MCC-4: European Emissions Trading System

The European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) includes all activities listed in Annex I of the greenhouse gas

emission allowance trading scheme (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 69/12

and 154/14), and for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the operators of installations are responsible for the

trading system. Through an equitable distribution of allowances, the reduction commitments are distributed to all

Member States, with the aim of contributing to a 21 % reduction by 2020 compared to 2005. This shows how the

reduction of emissions from activities within the EU ETS is regulated at EU level.

Since 1.1.2013, operators of plants in the Republic of Croatia have been involved in the EU ETS, have obtained

permits for greenhouse gas emissions and have established a system for monitoring emissions and reporting to the

competent authority. Greenhouse gases covered by the EU ETS are: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) for all activities and

additionally, for certain activities, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).Monitoring and reporting of

emissions is also an obligation for aircraft operators for carbon dioxide emissions.

Monitoring and reporting of emissions from aircraft started formally on 1 July 2013 for aircraft operators in the

Republic of Croatia. However, due to some specificities related to the administration of aviation flights prior to the

accession of Croatia to the European Union, aircraft operators had the obligation to submit annual reports on

emissions from the aircraft as from 2010.

All operators, except electricity producers, to sell to third parties have submitted applications for free credits. Free

units shall be distributed, free of charge, to installations exposed to the risk of carbon leakage to third countries,

on the basis of criteria established in accordance with the reference value for the 10 % most efficient installations

in the same sector. Operators, who will not have a sufficient number of units to cover their greenhouse gases, have

the option of purchasing allowances through auctions.

MCC-5: Use of proceeds from the auctioning of allowances within the EU

ETS for measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Out of the total number of allocation units assigned to operators and aircraft operators, each year of the trading

period shall be distributed free of charge in accordance with the method referred to above. The remainder is

distributed to Member States EU and subject to public tenders.

The Air Protection Act (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 130/11, 47/14,

61/17) requires the Republic of Croatia to use for climate purposes 95 % of the funds received by the Republic of

Croatia into a special account under the FPS, and 5 % of the funds are paid to the state budget of the Republic of


164

Croatia. The funds paid to the special account in the FPS should be used for:

- greenhouse gas emissions reduction,

- climate change adaptation,

- financing climate change abatement measures and adaptation in third countries,

- financing renewable energy sources with the objective of achieving the share of renewable energy sources of

the Republic of Croatia in 2020,

- forest resources improvement and reports on the forestry sector,

- promoting low-emission transport and public transport,

- financing research and development intended for climate change abatement and climate change adaptation,

including aeronautics and air transport,

- ecologically safe carbon dioxide capture and storage, particularly from fossil fuel power plants and certain

industrial sectors and sub-sectors, including those in third countries,

- financing research and development in the area of energy efficiency and clean technology,

- financing research and development in the area of reporting on greenhouse gas emissions,

- promoting energy efficiency measures in the sectors of construction (particularly energy efficiency building

renovation), industry, transport and services, and

- ensuring financial support for measures contributing to addressing energy poverty.

The appropriations to be paid to the State budget should be used to cover the costs of operating the ETS, for

administrative purposes, for the functioning of the Union Registry, for the auction managers, the National System

for the Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and other issues related to climate change.

The plan to use the proceeds from the auctioning of allowances in Croatia for the period 2014-2016 has been

adopted by the Croatian Government (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No

140/14).The total income generated for the period 2014-2016 is HRK 733.984.921,23, they were used for renewable

energy, energy efficiency, transport, waste management, and research, development and expertise.

The 2020 budget for the use of the auctioning of funds was adopted in February 2018 and aims at HRK

825.000.000,00. These resources will be spent on mitigation and adaptation measures.

MCC-6: Conducting interdisciplinary research the potential for geological storage CO 2 in

Republic of Croatia

The technology of carbon capture and storage for large emission sources is not yet commercially available.

Commercial applications are expected to take place in the post-2020 period.

According to Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, i.e. Article 36. For the industrial

emissions Directives 2010/75/EU, for plants with a capacity larger than 300 MW given building permit after the

entry into force of Directive 2009/31/EK, it is necessary to assess whether the following conditions are met:

- suitable storage locations available

- transport installations are technically and economically feasible;

- Upgrading of CO 2 collection plant is technically and economically feasible

If these conditions are met, the competent authority shall provide at the location of the facility an adequate area of

the equipment for the capture and compression of the extracted CO 2 capture.

For new thermal power plants, national feasibility studies are planned to be carried out with an action plan for

preparatory activities for CCS projects. This study will cover the steps of capture of emissions, transport, injection

and storage.

MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme

Pursuant to the provisions of Directive 2012/27/EU, the Act on energy efficiency (Narodne novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 127/14), 3 and 4The national energy efficiency action plan, the Republic of

Croatia is planning to set up a system of energy efficiency obligations for energy suppliers. Obliged entities will

need to contribute to the energy savings in final energy consumption.

MCC-8: Environmental permits


165

The Environmental Permit Decree (Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 8/14 and

5/18) regulates the activities that may result in polluting emissions, air, water and sea emissions, requirement and

the criteria for issuing environmental permits; the method for providing data on monitoring of emissions into

environmental components; the conditions for the establishment of new or amended plant protection techniques;

exemptions from the use of reference documents for best available techniques (hereinafter: BAT is to set emission

limit values, how the equivalent parameters and other technical measures are to be applied, and exemptions from

the application of equivalent metrics and other technical measures, determination of monitoring of processes and

industrial emissions according to Best Available Techniques (BAT) requirements, the way in which the general

binding rules on activities for which environmental permit results are obtained, the forms part of the application

for environmental permits, the contents of the Baseline Report, the list of pollutants, the criteria used to determine

BAT, the method of determining BAT, the method for determining BAT, the deadlines for applying BAT, and

other related issues.

MCC-9: Emission levy on 2 and NOx for individual sources

The unit fee regulation, the correction coefficients and the closer criteria and criteria for determining the

compensation for the emission into the environment of sulphur oxides expressed as sulphur dioxide and oxides of

sulphur (NN Nos 71/14 and 115/15) set the unit fee, the correction coefficients and the closer criteria and criteria

for determining the emission allowance into the environment of sulphur oxides expressed as sulphur dioxide (SO 2)

and oxides of nitrogen expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2).The individual sources of SO-2 emissions to air are

technological processes, industrial facilities, devices and objects that release SO 2 to air of more than 100 kg/year

until the end of 2014 and 3.000 kg per year from 2015. The individual sources of emissions of NO 2 into the air are

technological processes, industrial plants, devices and facilities which emit NO 2 to air of more than 30 kg per year

until the end of 2014 and 600 kg per year from 2015.

MCC-10: Identification and control of air pollutant emission limits in the air from stationary sources

The establishment and control of air pollutant emission limits from stationary sources is regulated by the Decree

on emission limit values for air pollutants from stationary sources (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the

Republic of Croatia) No 87/17) and the Rules on monitoring of emissions of air pollutants from stationary sources

(Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 129/12 and 97/13).

The Decree on emission limit values for pollutants into the air from stationary sources (Narodne Novine (NN;

official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) No 87/17) provides for limit values for emissions of pollutants into the

air from stationary sources, monitoring and evaluation of emissions, the registration of data on fixed assets using

organic solvents, or products containing VOCs in the register, the way in which emissions of pollutants are

reduced in the air, the method of reporting the emissions to air, the method and the time limit for submitting

emissions reports to the GMP, the manner of communicating the data to the competent authorities of the EU and

the level allowed to exceed the limit values for existing sources, for a given period.

The Rules on monitoring of emissions of air pollutants from stationary sources (Narodne Novine (NN; official

Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 129/12, 97/13) provide a method of monitoring emissions of pollutants into

the air from stationary sources, the extent and types of measurements, reference methods for measurement, the

method for proving equivalence for other measurement methods, the means to verify the correctness and

calibration of measuring instruments, how to verify the correct measurement systems for measuring emissions of

pollutants into the air from stationary sources, the sampling procedure and the evaluation of the results of

measurements, the mode of transmission of data for the needs of the air emissions protection information system

and the provision of regular information to the public on the monitoring of emissions.

ANNEX 2STARTING POINTS AND PROJECTIONS FOR PROJECTIONS

Table P 2-1: Assumptions for projections — Energy and Turnover

Energy and TRANSPORT


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As indicated in Chapter 3, the greenhouse gas emission projections for this report are taken from the draft Strategy for Low

Carbon Development of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with a view to the year 2050. A more detailed description of the

methodology used is presented below.

1Final (end-use)

energy

consumption End-use energy consumption is projected across consumption sectors — industry, transport, services,

households and agriculture, fisheries and forestry. The basis for projections is the macroeconomic

parameters and the guidance given by the EC to the Member States in order to harmonise key

parameters. For the end-use modelling activity, the detailed sectoral models shall be used with a

bottom-up approach based on which the impacts of energy efficiency measures can be simulated [15]

[16] [17] and calibrated with 2014 consumption. The performance of energy consumption modelling

was used as input for the analysis of energy transformation. Additionally, modelling has also included

the interdependence of demand for the production of energy from variable renewable energy sources,

this mainly refers to simulations of electric vehicles batteries to optimise electricity and transport

systems and the use of electric heat storage boilers to optimise electricity heat system operation.

In scenarios “with measures” and “with additional measures” the impacts of each measure are

modelled. Analyses have been carried out by sub-sector:

- industry — by industry and the type of fuel used, - transport — by type of transport (road, air, shipping and rail) and types of transport (cars, buses,

motorcycles, light and heavy vans) or for use (passenger and freight) and by type of technology

and fuel used - services — by branch (tourism, trade, education, health, administration), climatic sites (coastal and

continental Croatia), use (heating, domestic hot water generation, cooking, cooling, electrical

appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel used. Heating energy consumption modelled at the

level of useful and immediate energy - households — by climate zones (coastal and continental Croatia), for use (heating, DHW

generation, cooking, cooling, electrical appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel used. Heating

energy consumption modelled at the level of useful and immediate energy - agriculture, fishery and forestry — by type of fuel used

Demographic developments — the average fertility and average migration scenarios were assumed, in

line with the EC Guidelines.

The “measures” scenario

1.1.1. Energy consumption

in industry Assumptions:

- the development of industrial production will not be based on energy intensive industries,

balanced market-based mechanisms will steer the development towards a less intensive intensive

industry with no scarcity of energy intensive industry; - the trend in gross value added by industry is based on harmonised parameters for projections made

from the EC [21]. - market improvements in energy efficiency and fuel substitution in the industrial sector; - emissions per sub-sector are growing alongside economic growth, but growth has been moderate

due to the decrease in connectivity between GDP and energy consumption and the assumption that

there will be no construction of new energy-intensive industries. 1.1.2. Energy consumption

in transport Assumptions:

- the growth in the number of cars per 1.000 inhabitants, with 328 in 2012 [ODYSSEE] to 520 in

2050; - existing road infrastructure is mostly built; - the fastest growth in passenger transport will be in air traffic; - emissions from new vehicles will comply with Regulation (EU) No 333/2014 for private vehicles,

i.e. the average emissions of new vehicles will be below 95 g CO2/km and in accordance with EU

Regulation No. 510/2011 according to which emissions of new light delivery vehicles must fall below 174 g CO2/km

after 2017 and below 147 gCO2/km after 2020. - stagnation in the use of rail transport and inland waterways, - 6 % of the passenger cars will be electric vehicles in 2050 (under EU reference scenario 2016).

1.1.3. Energy consumption

in Assumptions: Households and services:


167


general consumption - According to the existing data, in 2012 Croatia was 142,2 million in 2 residential buildings and

homes (Dugoric strategy to stimulate investment in the renovation of the national building stock,

NN No 74/14).Growth is assumed to increase slowly with the economy recovery of between 8.5 %

and 2030 years and by 10.6 % by 2050, despite the projected population decline. Most of the new

areas will be urban buildings in urban areas. - renovation of 0.5 % of the area of the stock of residential buildings per year to the standards

referred to in the Technical Regulation on rational energy use and thermal insulation in buildings

(NN Nos 128/15, 70/18,73/18), - any new buildings constructed in accordance with the same Regulation, - reduce the share of electricity and liquid heating fuels, - the electric energy consumption of the household appliances and cooling (air-conditioning) power

plants will grow, - the specific energy consumption for preparing food in households will stagnate.

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries: - reduce energy intensity with regard to market developments.

1.2“with additional measures” scenario

Continue to encourage energy efficiency beyond 2020, with the following key assumptions: - renovation of 2 % of buildings per year to the ready-made rovo-biofuel standard (it also includes

the use of renewable energy sources); - aid for the increase in the share of electric vehicles operating up to 25 % in passenger cars in 2050; - intermodal replacement of 7 % of passenger traffic and cargo from road to rail in 2030 and 20 %

in 2050, - improving the energy efficiency of the industry together with fuel substitution towards more

renewable energy sources. 2Energy

Transformation

and Resources

The electricity system is analysed by simulation of the development of the market, using a software to

optimise operation and development. EU ETS emission allowance price is assumed as in the EU

reference scenario in 2016. The refinery operation was simulated in order to meet domestic demand as far as possible with existing

capacities, meaning without the construction of new refineries in a “absence of measures” scenario, and

to reduce production in scenarios “with existing measures” and “with additional measures”. 2.1The “measures” scenario

Assumptions: - by 2020, the installed renewable energy generation capacity in accordance with the National Renewable

Energy Action Plan (2013) and the Tariff System for Renewable Energy Sources and Efficiency

(Narodne Novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) Nos 133/13, 151/13, 20/14, 107/14

and 100/15) (NB: Date of expiry: In 01.01.2016, except for project holders who, until the date of entry

into force of the Act on Renewable Energy Sources and highly efficient cogeneration (NN No 100/15),

entered into a contract for the purchase of electricity with an operator of the electricity market), - it simulated market developments after 2020 with a view to optimise the operation and

development of the electricity system. - the price of emission allowances was assumed as in the EU Reference scenario 2016. - the analysis shows that renewables will be competitive and without the need for public support to

solar and wind farms. - no new coal-fired capacity, - all electricity needs will be paid from indigenous sources (excluding the Krško nuclear power

plant) after 2030, which significantly increases the need for electricity production, given that the

Republic of Croatia consumes 2535 % of the consumption. - the plans of the companies responsible for checking fugitive emissions for the application of the

fugitive emission reduction measures have been taken into account. 2.2“with additional measures” scenario

Assumptions include continuous policy developments in promoting renewable energy sources beyond

2020: - it simulated market development of software to optimise the operation and development of the

electricity system. - the price of emission allowances was assumed as in the EU Reference scenario 2016.


168

feed materials and promotion of grazing systems, processing of feed materials to increase

digestibility, use of feed additives)

“with additional measures” scenario implies the application of the following measures:

- further improvements in the quality of animal feed and food

- changes in manure management systems, including aerobic digestion and biogas production,

- the improvement of the methods for applying mineral fertilisers;


- due to lower energy consumption compared to the “with measures” scenario due to the increase in

energy efficiency, the costs of achieving a higher share of renewables in gross final consumption

expenditure are lower; - no new coal-fired capacity, - no net import (excluding the Krško nuclear power plant) after 2030.

Table P 2-2: Assumptions for projections — Production processes and use of the product

PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND SOLVENT USE

The projections have been carried out on the basis of the expected development of individual industries,

including targets for 2035, and towards GDP and population development. The extium flow of 2015 (The 2015 Ageing Report) — the annual growth rate of GDP and gross

value added and population decline), as well as the results of sector analyses and studies (cement, lime,

ammonia, sulphuric acid, nitric acid production). Assumptions for the “measures” scenario:

- no additional capacity installed; - production will reach maximum values up to 2035. - Population decline - GDP is growing at a moderate pace

The Croatian Industrial Strategy 2014— 2020 defines the industrial development objectives and key

indicators of the Croatian industry in the period 2014.— 2020According to the “real scenario”, by 2020,

when the highest level of development in Croatia’s economy is achieved, the physical volume of

industrial output was assumed to be achieved in 2008. Process emissions from economic activities included, in accordance with the IPCC methodology, shall

be assessed on the basis of detailed sectoral projections of cement, ammonia and nitric acid, and

projected macroeconomic indicators of gross value added by other industries, the annual growth rate of

GDP and population reduction. The scenario covers the application of measures defined by the strategic

and planning sectoral documents included in the commercial policy of cement and nitric acid producers,

as required by the markets, legal and regulatory requirements and the application of best available

techniques in the production processes. Assumptions for the “additional measures” scenario:

— Application of cost-effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in cement, glass and

nitric acid, and to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds, controlled substances and

fluorinated greenhouse gases. In good practice, the projections for activity data and emission factors were made:

- activity data — Level 1, 2 and 3 projections methodologies used (projections of macroeconomic

parameters, impact of PAM, sectoral analyses and studies); - emission factors — Level 1 and 2 projections methodologies used (projection based on average

over five years, PAM, sectoral analyses and studies).

Table P 2-3: Assumptions for projections — Agriculture

AGRICULTURE

The projections were carried out on the basis of the expected future state of play. In order to determine the key parameters for the production of projections (livestock numbers and

species, crop production) an extrapolation of historical input data, as well as an expert evaluation

comprising historical data and sectoral strategic and development documents, was used. The assumptions are that there will be an increase in agricultural production (the start of revitalising the

livestock stock for the period 2015-2020. Years with a continued growth of populations by 2035, as well

as crop production on the basis of indicative trend over 2000-2009), and sustainable consumption of

mineral fertilisers (at the 2007-2014 level). PAM included in the development of the “with measures” scenario implies:

— Implementation of the 2014-2020 Rural Development Programme, including changes to the systems for

managing bovine animals (manure removal systems and genetic improvement) and animal feed (treating

feed materials to increase digestibility, quality improvement by volume


169

- hydraulic operations;

- the introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species. __________________________________

Table P 2-4: Assumptions for projections — Waste

WASTE

The projections were carried out on the basis of the expected developments and future state of play of the parameters for the

projection:

- Solid waste disposal — the amount of solid waste produced and deposited, the proportion of biodegradable organic

waste;

- Composting — amount of waste processed through composting;

- Incineration of waste — the quantity of hospital hospitalisation and the number of human bodies transferred;

- Waste water management — quantity of household waste water handled, industrial production, number of

inhabitants using the individual wastewater system (septic tanks), population size of households without sanitary

nodes.

The 2015 projections for emissions projections and the projection of macroeconomic parameters ( The 2015 Ageing

Report) — the annual growth rate of GDP and gross added value and the decline in population, which include targets for

2050.

Assumptions for ‘with Measures’ (WM) scenario:

It includes projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions from solid waste, composting of solid waste, for waste

incineration and waste water management;

- Solid waste disposal — a sustained increase in the amount of solid waste produced and deposited in the period up to

2050 is assumed due to an increase in living standards, despite the effects of the measures taken to avoid/reduce and

recycle waste. The targets are defined by sectoral strategic documents — the Sustainable Waste Management Act

and the Waste management plan of Croatia for the period 2017.— 2022;

- Composting — a continuous increase of solid waste generated through composting is assumed;

- Waste incineration — a sustained increase in the amount of hospital waste incinerated and a reduction in the number

of human bodies created;

- Waste water management — a continuous increase in the volume of waste water processed by industry and a

decrease in the quantity of household waste water treated by households, the number of population with the

individual sewerage system (septic tanks) and the population of households without sanitary nodes is assumed.

- Other waste — assumed a mild continuous increase in the number of fires in almost all categories.

Greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions included in the Waste sector (according to IPCC and EMEP/EEA methodology)

have been assessed on the basis of sector analyses and projected macroeconomic indicators on the annual rate of GDP

growth and population reduction. The scenario covers the application of measures defined by the strategic and planning

sector-specific documents.

Assumptions for “additional measures” scenario (WAM):

It includes projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions from solid waste disposal and composting of

solid waste.

- Solid waste disposal — a reduction in the amount of solid waste produced and deposited is presumed to be due to the

application of measures defined by strategic documents that are compatible with EU legislation. Quantitative targets

for the quantity and composition of solid waste and other parameters in the models for estimating emissions from

solid waste which are not defined in strategic documents have been estimated by the expert evaluation.

- Composting — assumes a continuous increase in solid waste generated through composting for measures defined by

strategic documents that are in line with EU legislation (depending on the reduction of the amount of biodegradable

waste deposited).

In good practice, projections for activity data, the emission factors and the parameters included in models for the

estimation of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions are:

— Level 1, 2 and 3 projections methodologies have been used (projections of macroeconomic parameters, _______

impact of PAM, sectoral analyses and studies, expert valuation). _____________________________________________

Data source: [18], [19], [20]

Table P 2-5: Projection parameters — general parameters

Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

GDP — annual growth rate % — 0,4 1,6 1,8 1,2 1,3 1,9

Population apartment. 4.238 4.229 4.194 4.140 4.081 4.018

Prices of coal Euro/GJ 2,5 2,2 2,2 2,6 3,2 3,4

Price of heavy fuel oil (1 % S) Euro/GJ 8,1 7,8 11,6 13,2 14,5 15,1

Price of gas Euro/GJ 6,5 6,7 7,5 8,1 8,8 9,4


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Data source: [21]

Data source: [21]

Data source: cement producers, glass and nitric acids, [23], [19], [8]

Table P 2-6: Projection parameters — energy: total fuel consumption, electricity production, ‘with

measures’ scenario ____________________________________________________________________

Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Total fuel consumption

Coal and coke PJ 31,6 31,7 24,3 23,1 22,0 16,5

Petroleum oil liquid fuels PJ 125,8 130,7 125,9 122,3 118,5 116,2

Gas PJ 84,6 91,8 104,7 109,2 118,7 119,7

Renewable PJ 146,0 137,8 171,2 198,1 218,9 239,4

Production of electricity

Coal TWh 2,0 2,2 1,5 1,4 1,3 0,7

Petroleum oil liquid fuels TWh IE IE IE IE IE IE

Gas TWh 1,5 1,8 2,4 2,6 1,6 3,4

Renewable TWh 10,1 7,2 9,5 12,2 14,3 16,4

Imports of electricity TWh 4,0 6,8 6,4 4,6 2,9 2,6

Table P 2-7: Projection parameters — energy: final (end-use) energy consumption

Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Final (end-use) energy consumption

Industry PJ 40,6 10,9 44,9 46,4 48,0 50,4

Turnover PJ 84,5 84,5 87,3 89,8 92,9 93,3

Households PJ 92,0 112,5 11,9 112,0 111,9 111,6

Agriculture, forestry and fishing PJ 9,7 9,4 9,5 9,2 8,9 8,7

Services PJ 29,5 31,3 33,1 35,1 37,0 38,9

Others PJ 4,2 4,2 4,7 4,7 4,8 5,0

Table P 2-8: Projection parameters — climate

Benchmark

Heating step days: 2.228

Number of cooling days in the cooling season: NO Data source: [22]

Table P 2-9: Projection parameters — industry

Benchmark 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Production growth index: *

Production of cement % 2.643 kt 5 — 4 33 36 40 41

Manufacture of glass 275 kt — 16 2 14 21 29 41

Nitric acid production % 332 kt 1 — 13 — 13 — 13 — 10 — 10

CO 2 emissions * *

Benchmark 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

% use of solvent

93,99 kt

Co 2 e 49 62 58 56 54 50

HFC emissions * * *

HFC consumption by cooling and cooling

system

(1995)

29,32 kt

Co 2 e

1292 1431 1582 1658 1743 1885

*, * *, * * *% change compared to 1990(1995) Year


171

Data source: [22], [21]

Table P 2-10: Parameters for projections — traffic

Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Number of passenger-kilometres, all 10 9 pkm

formats 40,56 40,98 43,09 45,32 47,58 49,05

Freight transport 10 9 tkm 11,59 11,64 11,90 12,16 12,42 12,69

Energy consumption ^

road transport 74,17 75,59 76,84 78,73 80,61 80,45

Table P 2-11: Projection parameters — agriculture

Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Milch cows 1000 Head 179 165 168 175 180 185

Non-dairy

bovine 1000 Head 264 240 270 285 320 340

sheep 1000 Head 605 590 620 f 650 675 700

goats 1000 Head 65 65 68 70 72 75

horses 1000 Head 20 20 22 23 24 25

mule//donkeys 1000 Head 4 2,0 2,2 2,5 3,0 3,5

pigs 1000 Head 551 480 504 528 600 672

poultry 1000 Head 5327 6048 6231 6414 6597 6719

wheat t 648.917 758.638 879.847 1.002.001 1.042.030 1.178.645

maize t 2.046.966 1.709.152 2.187.640 2.205.554 2.239.040 2.256.114

potatoes t 160.847 171.179 203.239 160.630 132.738 104.879

sugar beet t 1.392.000 756.509 1.428.948 1.408.317 1.471.355 1.497.069

tobacco t 9.164 10.132 11.766 12.041 12.794 13.712

sunflower t 99.489 94.075 92.333 109.745 114.592 129.556

oilseed rape t 71.228 56.783 70.866 70.933 90.782 99.821

tomatoes t 19.374 36.273 44.884 41.278 50.494 53.804

barley t 175.592 193.451 228.296 243.098 250.955 278.746

oats t 56.555 71.743 61.295 76.089 74.009 82.453 cabbages and others

crucifer

t 24.703 38.413 61.109 57.412 63.091 63.099

garlic t 4.272 4.634 4.912 4.534 5.288 5.757

onions t 24.160 26.204 33.438 33.475 40.069 44.763

rye t 2.800 3.356 0 0 0 0

sorghum t 1.205 1.205 1.554 1.891 2.357 2.761

watermelons t 25.598 15.771 32.599 31.346 33.683 35.274

Benchmark 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

soya t 131.424 196.431 153.926 174.867 185.521 190.140

beans, dry t 1.329 1.156 0 0 0 0

field peas,

dry t 1.413 1.346 2.210 3.050 3.903 4.708

lentils t 83 83 13 0 0 0

peas, dry t 579 194 356 98 0 0

vetches t 1.500 1.500 1.923 1.585 1.512 1.462 fescue seed for sowing (Sampling card)

t 70.873 82.992 147.241 143.473 148.600 157.171

lucerne t 128.702 112.876 226.824 247.731 283.849 317.840

Applied kg 80.707.11 99.000.00 99.000.00 99.000.00 99.000.00 99.000.00 nitrogen 2 0 0 0 0 0


172

Data source: [18], [19], [24], [23]

Data source:

Table P 2-12: Projection parameters — Waste

Benchmark

2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

‘WITH MEASURES’ (WM) SCENARIO

Solid waste disposal Amount of solid waste

generated t/st 0,386 0,393 0,436 0,463 0,494 0,542

Amount of solid waste

deposited kt 1349 1361 1463 1533 1612 1743

Share of biodegradable

organic waste % 68 65 65 65 65 65

Composting of solid waste Quantity of solid waste

composted kt 29 62 83 87 91 99

Waste incineration Amount of hospital

hospitalisation t 51 52 54 56 59 64

Number of dyed human

bodies

4803 5373 5094 5028 4957 4880

Waste water management Quantity of waste water

processed from households

and services 10 m 6 m 268 257 266 263 259 255

Quantity of waste water

processed from industry 10 m 6 m 13 13 13 13 14 15

Industrial production (food

and drink, paper, chemicals) kt 6586 6692 8236 8743 9326 10246

Population of the

individual’s drainage system

(septic tanks)

10 3 (st time)

2254 2232 2231 2203 2172 2138

Population in households

without sanitary nodes.

10 3 (st time)

380 378 367 356 344 333

Protein consumption t/st 0,031 0,032 0,034 0,035 0,037 0,040

Other wastes Number of fire on road

vehicles

314 433 335 350 364 377

Number of fires on detached

houses

767 845 767 767 767 767

Benchmark

2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Number of fires on houses

installed and semi-installed.

89 98 100 104 111 119

Number of fires on buildings

19 21 21 22 24 26 Number of fire on industrial

installations

626 690 702 731 780 841

“WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES” SCENARIO (WAM)

Solid waste disposal Amount of solid waste

generated t/st 0,386 0,393 0,380 0,371 0,363 0,356

Amount of solid waste

deposited kt 1349 1361 797 298 148 107

Share of biodegradable

organic waste % 65 65 24 18 12 9

Composting of solid waste Quantity of solid waste

composted kt 29 62 277 537 753 975


173

• GHG Inventory report in the Republic of Croatia for the period 1990— 2016(NIR 2018), HAOP, 2018

• Report on the budget for emissions of pollutants into the air in the Republic of Croatia 2018(1990.2016), HAOP, 2018.

• Report on greenhouse gas projections of the Republic of Croatia, HATP, 2017

• Implementation report on PAM for reducing emissions and an increase in sinks of greenhouse gases of the Republic of

Croatia, HATP, 2017.

• Waste management strategy of the Republic of Croatia (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia)

No 130/05)

• Sustainable Waste Management Act (NN No 94/13, 73/17)

• Waste management plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017— 2022 (Narodne novine (NN; official Gazette of

the Republic of Croatia) No 3/17)

• Recommended parameters for reporting on plans in 2015, Final after consultation, 17 June 2014, EC

draft national air pollution control programme annex, 2019 ... · the available sources of...

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