dr william vlcek lecturer in international relations school of international relations university of...
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Dr William VlcekLecturer in International RelationsSchool of International Relations
University of St Andrews, Scotland
Gambling as Strategies for Economic Development:
The Case of Macau and Singapore
30 June 2014
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Overview
30 June 2014
Macau casinos Background and context Revenue and visitors
Singapore casinos Gambling revenue Addressing the social ill
Internet gambling/Online gaming
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Geographical context
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Liberalising the casino license
In 1961, a monopoly license to operate casinos Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macao (STDM),
majority owner Stanley Ho
Return of Macau to Chinese governance, 1999Three casino licenses granted in 2002
Galaxy Casino SA – Galaxy Casino and Venetian Macao Wynn Resorts (Macao), sub-conscession to Melco PBL
Jogos (Macau) Sociedade de Jogos de Macau SA (SJM), sub-conscession
to MGM Grand Paradise SA
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The Venetian, Macau
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Casino revenue growth
30 June 2014Source: DSEC - Statistics and Census Service, Macao SAR Government (May 2014)
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Who gambles in Macau?
30 June 2014Source: DSEC - Statistics and Census Service, Macao SAR Government (May 2014)
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Government benefit
30 June 2014Source: DSEC - Statistics and Census Service, Macao SAR Government (May 2014)
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Casino taxes (Macau patacas - millions)
Year Tax revenue Gaming taxes Gaming’s contribution
2000 15,339 5,647 36.81%
2001 15,642 6,293 40.23%
2002 15,227 7,766 51.00%
2003 18,371 10,579 57.59%
2004 23,864 15,237 63.85%
2005 28,201 17,319 61.41%
2006 37,189 20,748 55.79%
2007 53,710 31,920 59.43%
2008 62,259 43,208 69.40%
2009 69,871 45,698 65.40%
2010 88,488 68,776 77.72%
2011 122,972 99,656 81.04%
2012 144,995 113,378 78.19%
2013 155,512 134,383 86.41%30 June 2014
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Source: DSEC - Statistics and Census Service, Macao SAR Government (May 2014)
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Singapore– a competing Asian casino destination
Two ‘integrated resorts’ with a casino Resorts World Sentosa (opened February 2010) Marina Bay Sands (opened April 2010)
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Marina Bay Sands, Singapore from Merlion Park
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Singapore – gambling revenue
Total gross gaming revenue for 2011 was ‘almost US$6 billion’.
For 2011 Singapore collected ‘betting taxes’ of US$1.84 billion
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Singapore visitors and betting tax collections
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Source: Ministry of Trade and Finance (various years) Economic Survey of Singapore
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Betting taxes (million Singapore dollars)
Year Tax revenue Betting taxesGambling’s
contribution
2002 21,484.0 1,523.0 7.09%
2003 20,735.9 1,566.2 7.55%
2004 22,689.7 1,521.9 6.70%
2005 25,201.0 1,530.9 6.07%
2006 28,718.3 1,548.3 5.39%
2007 36,061.3 1,665.0 4.62%
2008 37,508.6 1,776.6 4.74%
2009 32,272.4 1,726.2 4.89%
2010 40,662.2 2,119.6 5.21%
2011 46,171.8 2,342.7 5.07%
2012 48,755.1 2,342.0 4.80%
2013 51,176.2 2,340.9 4.57%
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Source: Ministry of Trade and Finance (various years) Economic Survey of Singapore
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Addressing the social ills
Citizens and permanent residents pay an entrance fee (S$100 per visit or S$2,000 for an annual pass)
‘Around’ 200,000 residents visited a casino in 2011
Government maintains a list of ‘excluded persons’ the casinos must prevent from entering the gaming rooms
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Additional Asian casino destinations
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Internet – the classic view
30 June 2014 New Yorker cartoon by Peter Steiner, published 1993.
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Internet gambling, ‘offshore’
Antigua-Barbuda, Costa Rica, Gibraltar, Isle of Man
WTO Dispute Case DS285: United States — Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services
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Online gaming is dangerous
Corrupting influence on children
Money launderingTerrorist finance
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Leicester Square, London
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