From Livelihood to From Livelihood to Entrepreneurship: Why a Entrepreneurship: Why a paradigm shift is necessaryparadigm shift is necessary

Vanita ViswanathVanita ViswanathStars ForumStars Forum20162016

The World is Changing!The World is Changing!A few more people got access to mobile phones or A few more people got access to mobile phones or

recharged during this time. And many of them are recharged during this time. And many of them are among the assetless and semi-literate poor. among the assetless and semi-literate poor.

New technologies are changing hesitant adopters to New technologies are changing hesitant adopters to eager experimenters eager experimenters

Aspiration is not a crazy sentimentAspiration is not a crazy sentimentTechnical education, even for girls, is soughtTechnical education, even for girls, is soughtSelf-employment is rooted not in lack of options to Self-employment is rooted not in lack of options to

move out and move up but in pursuance of move out and move up but in pursuance of prospects that now exist. prospects that now exist.

India is trying to keep India is trying to keep pacepace

Policy focus is on Enterprise (Start-Up India; Policy focus is on Enterprise (Start-Up India; MSME; Digital India)MSME; Digital India)

Economic slant is towards growth and reduced Economic slant is towards growth and reduced informality of the informal sector (cashless informality of the informal sector (cashless transactions; universal banking)transactions; universal banking)

Skills are across many sectors and ministriesSkills are across many sectors and ministriesCSR funds being used to create enterprise CSR funds being used to create enterprise

incubatorsincubatorsStart-up venture funds for start-up enterprisesStart-up venture funds for start-up enterprisesBig philanthropy (Tata, Premji) in enterprise Big philanthropy (Tata, Premji) in enterprise

incubation (Social Alpha) incubation (Social Alpha)

Setting the Setting the entrepreneurship entrepreneurship

agenda agenda Integrated livelihoods (survival/security) Integrated livelihoods (survival/security) product development (revenue/growth) i.e., from product development (revenue/growth) i.e., from supply side focus to revenue generation (upgraded supply side focus to revenue generation (upgraded technology, skills, hybrid models & financing)technology, skills, hybrid models & financing)

Livelihood SHGs Entrepreneurs for Aggregation Livelihood SHGs Entrepreneurs for Aggregation since there are already grassroots insts. such as coops since there are already grassroots insts. such as coops and PCs (consolidate/diversify existing entrepreneurs).and PCs (consolidate/diversify existing entrepreneurs).

More literate and not so poor target for training and More literate and not so poor target for training and capacity in enterprisecapacity in enterprise

More young females than males for start-ups. Males More young females than males for start-ups. Males migrate but women stay behind (busmodel around migrate but women stay behind (busmodel around family learned-shared-nurtured-collaborated family learned-shared-nurtured-collaborated enterprise). enterprise).