dr. tony marangos nutritions solutions
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Tony Marangos
Nutritions Solutions
The use of enzymes and new alternatives in the nutrition of
laying hens
Dr. Tony Marangos, PhD.
Asesor Internacional Nutrición
Hy Line International
El Dr. Marangos obtuvo una licenciatura en fisiología y bioquímica en animales de granja en la universidad de Reading
y obtuvo su pH D en el Royal Veterinary College de la Universidad de Londres.
Desde su graduación en 1975 ha ocupado altos cargos directivos en la industria de producción y suministro de
alimentos para animales en el Reino Unido.
Como director técnico de una importante compañía Avícola Integrada líder en el Reino Unido tuvo la responsabilidad
de la implantación y gestión de sistemas de calidad tal como BS 5750, ISO 9000 y UFAS que incorporan HACCP y
Bioseguridad en la fabricación de alimento balanceado.
Tiene una amplia experiencia en el desarrollo, especificación y fabricación de dietas para todas las especies pero en
especial para aves en todos los sistemas: intensivos, libres y orgánicos.
En el año 2000 el Dr. Marangos comenzó su propia consultoría “ Soluciones de Nutrición” y cuenta con asesorías a
nivel nacional e internacional.
Está casado tiene 2 hijos los cuales resalta están casi fuera de su control. Entres sus aficiones está socializar, el
teatro, la buena comida y juega golf de una manera esporádica y muy mal. Le gusta ver el cricket y el futbol.
What does the future hold?
Discussion Points • Raw materials
– Permitted
– Prohibited
– Anti-nutritive factors
• Enzymes – NSP
– Phytase
• Trace elements
– Inorganic
– Organic
Permitted Raw Materials
• Cereals & by-products • Soyabean meals • Fishmeal – monogastric feed mill only • Full Fat Soya • Rapeseed • Rapeseed ext. • Sunflower ext. • Pulses – Peas & Beans • Pulse/Rape blends • Corn gluten meal (Prairie) • Distillery/Bioethanol by-products - DDGS • Biscuit meals • Vegetable oils – Soya, Corn, Sunflower • Vegetable acid oils (soapstocks)
Prohibited Raw Materials
• Meat & Bone meal
• Blood meal
• Feather meal
• Poultry Offal meal
• Fishmeal – in ruminant meals
• Recycled cooking oils
• ALL AGPs since January 2006!
We are too reliant on:
• Corn
• Wheat
• Soya
• This has made everyone vulnerable this year to availability and price
Raw materials contain
anti-nutritional factors!
Anti-nutritional factors
• Non starch polysaccharides – NSP
– Xylans
– Beta Glucans
– Pectins
• Glucosinolates – rape
• Lectins – legumes
• Saponins – groundnut
• Gossypol – cotton
• Phytates – vegetable products
Meat & Bone Meals Banned in Europe
• Processed Animal Protein (PAP)
• Proposed new legislation for its use
• Consumer resistance!!
• BUT reduces dependence on Soya imports
• Reduced feed costs!
Alternatives to AGPs
• Competitive exclusion
• Probiotics
• Prebiotics
• Pronutrients!
• Anticoccidials
• Mannan oligosaccharides
• Volatile fatty acids
• Essential oils
• Plant extracts
• Enzymes
You pays your money and you take your choice
Enzymes are the key
• Amylase
• Xylanase
• Beta-glucanase
• Phytase
• Protease
• Pectinase
• Cellulase
New multiple enzymes products will enable
wider use of by-product raw materials
Non starch polysaccharides
Complex molecules – viscosity in the gut!
Intestinal viscosity
Corn/Soya Corn/Soya
+
Enzyme
Phytic acid and Phytate metal salt
Bound minerals – unavailable to the bird!
Phytase Effect
High levels of unavailable P
Effects of enzymes
• NSP enzymes –
– Reduce viscosity in gut
– Improve digestion
– Release energy
• Phytase enzymes –
– Release Phosphorus
– Release Calcium
– Release Trace elements
– Release amino acids
Matrix values for enzymes
• Available phosphorus
• Digestible phosphorus
• Calcium (available)
• Digestible amino acids
– Lysine, Methionine , Cystine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Isoleucine, Valine Arginine
• Metabolisable energy
Formulation of peak lay with & without enzymes
-$16/Tonne
PLAIN PLUS
ENZYMES
% %
Corn 59.58 62.24
Soya 26.09 25.23
Soya oil 2.31 1.00
Limestone 9.53 9.49
MCP 1.57 1.09
Salt 0.30 0.30
Sodium Bicarbonate 0.20 0.24
DL Methionine 0.17 0.15
Enzyme Complex 0.02
Vit/TE Premix 0.25 0.25
100 100
Oil 4.90 3.69
Protein 17.00 17.00
ME kcal/kg 2796 2796
Dig Lysine 0.79 0.79
Calcium 4.00 3.90
Available Calcium 4.00 4.00
Phosphorus 0.69 0.58
Available Phosphorus 0.42 0.42
Phosphorus deficiency and laying cycle changes
• A phosphorus deficiency in laying hens
results in irregular laying cycles
• Osteoperosis - ‘kinky’ breast bone
• The irregular laying cycle is a result of random regression of ovum
Harms & Sloan, 1999
Why are we getting a phosphorus deficiency?
• Levels have been lowered to reduce pollution
• Levels have been lowered to improve shell quality
• Levels have been lowered to reduce costs
• Total levels have reduced because of the use of phytase enzyme
• Bird feed intake is lower
Soft Bones (Osteomalacia)
Diagram from E.T. Moran, 1982
pH: Small Intestine
Crop Proventriculus Gizzard Duodenum Upper Lower Cecum Colon
4-5 2-4 5 5.5-6.5 6-7 7-7.5 6.9 7
Poultry Digesta pH Levels It is important to ensure that the enzymes are active across a wide
range of gut pH
Other nutritional factors
• Unbalanced protein – essential amino acids
– Corn gluten meal 60% - low lysine
– Rapeseed meal – low lysine higher M+C
– Sunflower – high fibre – low lysine– low ME
• We can overcome these issues with:
– Synthetic amino acids
– Adding oils
Synthetic Amino Acids
• DL Methionine
• Methionine analogues
• L – Lysine
• L- Threonine
• L- Valine
• L- Tryptophan
• L- Arginine?
• Increasing availability and use will mean reduction in protein levels and dependence on protein imports!
Trace Elements
Primary needs for trace elements
• Structural integrity of tissue
– Collagen and keratin synthesis(Zn) and cross-linking(Cu)
• Bone development & strength
– Collagen(Zn & Cu) and cartilage(Mn)
• Enzymatic activity
– Hundreds of enzymes depend on Zn, Cu, Mn, Se
• Immune function
– B-cells, T-cells & antibody production
Status of trace mineral nutrition
• Requirements defined in 1960 -1980s
– Are they relevant now with modern breeds
• Inorganic Trace Minerals (ITM)
– Availability poorly defined
– Cheap
– Safety margins applied
• Organic Trace Minerals(Chelates)
– Designed to improve mineral bioavailability
– Can differentiate products on basis of ligand
Trace Element Sources Inorganic
• Copper – Cu
• Iodine - I
• Iron – Fe
• Manganese – Mn
• Zinc - Zn
• Selenium - Se
• Oxide, Carbonate, Sulphate
• Potassium or Calcium
• Carbonate, Sulphate
• Oxide, Carbonate, Sulphate
• Oxide, Sulphate
• Sodium
Variable bioavailability and content
Manganese Sources and Content % Mineral & Bioavailability
• Oxide 77.0 Low(dioxides)
• Sulphate 32.5 High
• Carbonate 47.0 High
Heavy metal Contamination?
• Arsenic
• Lead
• Cadmium
• Organic mineral salts are very pure
How Important are Mineral Antagonisms?
Copper antagonists: Sulfate, Zinc and Molybdenum
Manganese antagonists: Calcium and Phosphorous
Organic Trace Mineral Definition
• Mineral bound to a carrier in a ring structure
• Metal amino chelate
• Metal amino acid complex
• Metal proteinate
• Metal polysaccharide complexes
Chelates
OTM benefits • Chelates are stable in the gut
• Prevent complexes with other compounds
– Phytates
• No contaminants
• Consistent manufactured products
• Consistent bioavailability
• Less supplementation required
• Better performance?
• More cost!
Typical inorganic trace element supplementation (g/tonne)
• Copper (Cu) 10
• Iron (Fe) 50
• Iodine (I) 1.5
• Manganese (Mn) 100
• Selenium (Se) 0.3
• Zinc (Zn) 100
Typical inorganic trace element supplementation (g/tonne)
• Copper (Cu) 10 5
• Iron (Fe) 50 5
• Iodine (I) 1.5 1.5
• Manganese (Mn) 100 30
• Selenium (Se) 0.3 0.3
• Zinc (Zn) 100 30
Total replacement with OTM
Benefits Shown of using OTM • Reduce the level of addition of ITM
– Total replacement with < 30% level
• Reduce the amount excreted
– - environmental benefit
• Improved skin strength
• Improved bone mineralisation
• Improved egg shell formation
• Improved oxidative balance
• Enhanced immune response
• BUT they cost more!! Decision is yours.
Thank You