dr. sumaya ahmed zaki-eldeen institute of environmental studies
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Second AIACC African and Indian Ocean Island Regional Workshop Dakar 24-27 March 2004 Sudan AIACC- AF14 : How communities of Western Sudan have coped with and adapted to present climate hazards. Dr. Sumaya Ahmed Zaki-Eldeen Institute of Environmental Studies - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dr. Sumaya Ahmed Zaki-EldeenDr. Sumaya Ahmed Zaki-Eldeen
Institute of Environmental StudiesInstitute of Environmental Studies
Khartoum UniversityKhartoum University [email protected]@yahoo.com
Second AIACC African and Indian Ocean Second AIACC African and Indian Ocean Island Regional WorkshopIsland Regional Workshop Dakar 24-27 March 2004 Dakar 24-27 March 2004
Sudan AIACC-Sudan AIACC-AF14AF14: : How communities of Western How communities of Western Sudan have coped with and adapted to present Sudan have coped with and adapted to present
climateclimate hazards hazards
The CBRR Project• Villages in the drought-prone Bara Province,
Western Sudan• Approach: Community-Based Rangeland
Rehabilitation • Two main development objectives:
– Create locally sustainable NRM system to rehabilitate overexploited lands for the purpose of carbon sequestration
– Reduce the risk of production failure by increasing the number of livelihood alternatives… leading to greater local stability
• Key Actors: Villages within Gireigikh rural council, pilot project staff, UNDP/GEF
Major intervention OF CBRRP:
A group of villages undertook a package of SL measures. These included:
• Institution Building
• Training
• Community Development: Water development, Rural energy management, Introduction of revolving credit, Drought contingency planning
• Rangeland Rehabilitation: Replanting, Stabilization of sand dunes, Creation of windbreaks, Livestock restocking and management
Methods for assessing adaptive capacity,
adaptation options and uncertainties • Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and its
concept of the five capitals has been used
• These capitals were assessed based on three main dimensions productivity, equity and sustainability. Risk dimension was also considered
Cont.
• A number of indicators have been identified with the community for three dimensions for the five capitals
• An assessment sheet was used to compare the situation before and after the intervention of the CBRRP
• Word picture
Results: Productivity:Natural capital:
0
20
40
60
80
100
rehabilitatedland
carryingcapacity
forageproduction
Indicators
Sit
uati
on o
f ea
ch in
dica
tor
(%
)
Before After
Financial Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
amount ofcredit grantedto individuals
incomesources
incomestability
incomesufficiency
Indicators
Sit
ua
tio
n o
f ea
ch in
dic
ato
r
(%)
Before After
Human Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
no. oftrainedCAHW
capacityof vet.
services
state ofeducation
state ofhealth
state oftraining
state ofextension
Indicators
Sit
uat
ion
of
each
In
dic
ator
(%
)
Before After
Physical Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
no. ofestablishedgrain mills
no. ofestablishedgrain stores
no. of waterpumps
Indicators
Sit
uati
on o
f ea
ch in
dica
tor
(%)
Before After
Social Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
effects of WIGon availability of
veg. Fruits &agri. goods
effect ofcommittees
area of WIG
Indicators
Situ
atio
n of
eac
h in
dica
tor
(%)
Before After
Sustainability:Natural Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
transition fromagri. land tograzing land
application ofsustainable
grazing system
quality ofanimal
production
range landquality
Indicators
Situ
atio
n of
eac
h y
indi
cato
r (%
)
Before After
Financial Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
availabilityof
information
suitability oflocal
institutions
effectivenessof credit
repayment
support ofcredit
systems
support ofgovernment
policy
Indicators
Sit
uat
ion
of
each
ind
icat
or (
%)
Before After
Human Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
rate ofutilization of
improvedcharcoalstoves
% of farmerswho
completelyabandoned
cropproduction
rate ofadoption of
building mudwalled houses
availability ofdrugs (human,
animals)
Indicators
Situ
atio
n of
eac
h in
dica
tor
(%)
Before After
Physical Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
effectivemanagement
system applied towater wells
no. of peopletrained on
maintenance forwater pumps
availability ofspar parts
Indicators
Sit
uati
on o
f ea
ch in
dica
tor
(%) BeforeAfter
Social Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
use of mudwalled public
building
governmentsupport to
localinstitutions
relationbetween
committees &local
governmentinstitutions
capacity ofcommittees to
perform itstask
Indicators
Sit
uat
ion
of
each
ind
icat
or (
%)
BeforeAfter
Equity• Chances of marginalized groups (women, poor,
kawahla tribe) increased significantly particularly with regard to:
• access to grazing land
• access to credit
• access to social services
• access to training
• participation in decision-making.
Overall change in the resilience of the five capitals
Before After Change %Change Natural 36 76 40 75 Physical 30 66 36 65 Financial 22 72 50 71 Human 24 72 48 71 Social 32 74 42 73
Total 29 72 43 8
70
Are strategies for coping/adapting to present climate hazards transferable to adapting to
future climate change?
Factors that are most responsible for uncertainties (risk) about adaptive capacity and the effectiveness of
adaptation options:
• Government policies
• lack of finance
• Migration of trained people
• Immigration (settlement of other tribes)
• Conflict over resources
Thank You