dr. r.a. bartholomew - civil air patrol, new jersey wing1 airports important terms (quiz): atc ...
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Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 1
AirportsAirports Important Terms (Quiz):
ATC
Beacon
Controlled Airport
Uncontrolled Airport
Control Tower
FAA
FSS (Flight Service Station)
Heading
Noise Abatement
Ramp
Runway
Runway Heading
Segmented Circle
Taxi
Taxiway
Tetrahedron
Traffic Pattern
Wind Direction Indicators
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 2
AirportsAirports
The Flight Profile The general profile followed by ALL airplane flights:
* indicated aircraft stopped
A - Preflight Inspection B - Taxi as directed C - STOP for final systems check D - Takeoff E - Climb as directed F - Cruise as filed G - Descent
H - Approach-to-Landing I - Landing J - STOP, then Taxi to
Parking as directed K - STOP, then follow
Shut Down procedures
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 3
AirportsAirports
Airport Traffic Patterns Airports have a pre-defined traffic pattern for arriving
and departing airplanes Separated arriving/departing airplanes for safety Allows Pilots to plan their approach/departure routes Will be similar, but not
identical at all controlled airports
Wind direction will require changes
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 4
AirportsAirports
Runway Markings VFR Runway - Centerline (single dashed),
and magnetic bearing markings only The ‘0’ on the end of the bearing is dropped Parallel runways add L (Left), C (Center),
and R (Right) to the numbers Non-Precision Instrument - as VFR,
+ Threshold markings Precision Instrument Runway -
all above, + Side Stripes, Touchdown Zone, Aiming Point,Unusable Portion, Addition Distance Markings Runway may only be visible at the
last moments before touchdown
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 5
AirportsAirports
Airport Signs Style, Color and Content in 6 categories:
Mandatory Signs - Runway Intersection - do not
cross without clearance
Location Signs - You are on Taxiway B
Direction Signs - Runway 22 this way
Information Signs - Boundary of Runway
Protected Area
Destination Signs - Terminal this way
Runway Distance Remaining Signs - 4000 feet
remaining
4-22
B
22
4
Term
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 6
AirportsAirports Airport Lighting
Controlled by ATC, FSS or a Timer mechanism
Runway Edge - Normal WHITE , but 2nd half are AMBER on Instrument Runways
Threshold - GREEN marks start of landing portion End of Runway - RED marks the end of the runway REIL - WHITE STROBE marks each side of threshold In Runway -
Touchdown Zone (TDZL) two rows of WHITE transverse light bars around the centerline
Runway Centerline (RCLS) WHITE flush, 50’ apart Taxiway Turnoff GREEN flush
Taxiway - Normally BLUE sometimes green centerline Beacons - Flashing colors identify airport type
Civilian = White/Green, Military = White/White/Green
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 7
AirportsAirports
Approach Lighting ALS (Approach Lighting System) - sequence of white lights
which seem to flow towards the runway threshold On Precision Instrument runways only
VASI (Visual Approach Slope Indicator) - system of lights, visible from 4 nm from the threshold which inform the pilot of above, on or below the correct glidepath for landing 2 bar & 3 bar VASI - RedRed and WhiteWhite combinations indicate
Above/On/Below slope Tri-Color VASI - AmberAmber=Above, GreenGreen=On, RedRed=Below slope PLASI (Pulsating Approach Slope Indicator) - Pulsating
WhiteWhite=Above, Steady WhiteWhite=On, RedRed=Slightly Below, Pulsating RedRed=Below slope
PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator) - RedRed and WhiteWhite combinations (left of runway) indicate Above/On/Below slope
Naval Aviators approaching a Carrier, ‘Fly the Ball’, another form on VASI
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 8
AirportsAirports Wind Direction Indicators
Wind Sock - orange cloth tapered tube which shows direction wind is FROM, and can indicate strength and gust conditions
Wind Tee - T shaped form which rotates freely and shows wind direction (points INTO wind)
Tetrahedron - Geometric form which rotates freely and shows wind direction (points INTO wind)
Segmented Circle - around wind indicator, may also include markers to show traffic pattern
Radio Communications at Airports At Controlled Airports, controllers ‘control’ aircraft by means of radio
communication, using specific frequencies and procedures The Phonetic Alphabet - shorthand standard for spelling out words
over a radio (we use the ICAO, and NATO standard) e.g. Semper Vigilans
– Sierra Echo Mike Papa Echo Romeo Victor India Golf India Lima Alpha November Sierra
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 9
Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts Important Terms (Quiz):
Cartography
Chart
Fix
Latitude
Longitude
Legend
Line of Position (LOP)
Map
Nautical Mile (6076’)
Projection
Relief
Sectional
Scale
Statute Mile (5280’)
Tick
WAC (1:1,000,000)
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 10
Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts
Aeronautical ‘maps’ are known as Sectional Charts They show a projection of the world using Lambert
Conformal Conic Projection Scale is 1:500,000 (1” = 8 statute miles)
Longitude and Latitude - a grid system used to define any position on a chart Latitude (parallels)
defines North-South from equator
Longitude (meridians) defines East-West from the Greenwich meridian
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 11
Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts
Sectional Charts (for VFR) All same scale of 1:500,000 (1” on chart = 8 statute miles) US charts published every 6 months by NOAA (National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) Expiry date shown on chart
Each chart covers 8° of longitude by 4° of latitude Each is named for a major city inside their area Normally they contain additional information for Major
Airports, including a more detailed (different scale) chart The cover shows the color scale for terrain elevation, and the
highest ground level in the chart’s coverage area Large arrows show North/South orientation Also describe Military Training Route (MTR) procedures Give a simple Feet/Meters conversion scale
Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 12
Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts The Legend and its Symbols
Legend shows all symbols used, and explains what they mean Try to learn some of the major Airport ones:
Airports are shown 4 different ways, depending on the length of the runway, and if they are paved or not
Also, Airports are also shown in 2 different colors: Magenta=uncontrolledBlue=controlled
A star above the airport means it has a nighttime beacon Airports are also shown with a ‘block of text’, such as:
– 2175 L 24 122.9– Which means, airport is 2175’ above sea level, it has lighting,
it has a runway of 2400’, and an aeronautical advisory radio service (UNICOM) is available on 122.9 Mhz
– You will also see ‘CT’ and another radio frequency for controlled airports
– Also controlled airspace types and navigation information