dr. nandini devi ncl · jubilee diamond in thailand mined . from south africa. universe’s biggest...
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Anu Aga and family
Dr. Nandini DeviNCL
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& Crystal Growing
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How are the molecules arranged in solids, liquids and gases?
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What are the components of air? Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon, Carbon dioxide etc.
Nitrogen – N2
How is liquid N2 made?
If the temperature is brought down to -196 oC!
Such processes are called cryogenics
Rocket fuel
Cell preservation/storage
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Vapourisation:when the liquid becomes gas at its boiling point
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Evaporation:when the liquid becomes gas below its boiling point
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evaporation
condensation
rain
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Carbon dioxide – CO2
How is solid CO2 made? If the temperature is brought down to -78.5 oC!
Frozen food transport
Organ transport
Sublimation : when solid becomes gas directly
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When the temperature is below freezing point of water, small crystals of ice form
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Let us make snow!!!
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Dendritic snow crystals formed inside the bottle
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Natural snow crystal shapes – 6 sided hexagons
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Water vapour forming snow – very ordered - crystallline
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Solid but but no order - amorphous
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Solids – crystalline and amorphous
quartz sand
Both are chemically more or less same based on silica SiO2
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Both are chemically same based on carbon C
charcoal diamond
Solids – crystalline and amorphous
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World’s biggest diamond – goldenjubilee diamond in Thailand mined From South Africa
Universe’s biggest diamond – star LucyIn constellation Centaurus, 50 light years from Earth!!!
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Crystals!!!!! Nature has made beautiful crystalsemerald
Fool’s gold -pyrite
topazberyl
azurite
lazurite
gold
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How did these beautiful crystals form in nature?
Geode – a natural pressure cooker!
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Took millions of years!!Earth cooled from molten state
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Very very big crystals of gypsum (magnesium sulphate) in a cave in Mexico
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Let’s make some cool crystals – much faster than nature!!
Crystallisation from supersaturated solutions
Epsom salt, sodium carbonate, alum
AlumAluminum sulphate
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Rock garden in a bowl!
Crystallisation from melt coolingThiosulphate
Crystallisation by reactions Silver
Na2SiO3 + M(NO3)2 = MSiO3 + 2NaNO3
Cu + AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
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