dr. michael koepke at basf science symposium 2015
TRANSCRIPT
2014 LanzaTech. All rights reserved.
Science Symposium Smart Energy | BASF Creator Space™
Ludwigshafen | March 10th 2015
Dr. Michael Köpke
Director, Synthetic Biology
Carbon Recycling: Gas fermentation for fuel and chemical production
Company Profile
• Corporate Headquarters and R&D in Chicago, IL; R&D in New Zealand; Offices and Operations in UK, China and India
• Funding
– Series A: Khosla Ventures - $US 12M in 2007
– Series B: Qiming Ventures - $US 18M in 2010
– Series C: MLSCF - $US 60M in 2012 equity, $US 15M debt WTI
– Series D: Mitsui - $US 112M in 2014
• Team
CEO: Dr. Jennifer Holmgren
CSO/Founder: Dr. Sean Simpson
– Over 145 staff
Synthetic Biology
Fermentation, Analytical
Engineering
• IP Portfolio
– >250 Patents pending; 100 granted
– 2 proprietary microbe families
– 15 synthetic biology families
Business Confidential 2
Carbon is a problem when combustedClimate change
Acid rain
Increased respiratory illness
GHG
Emissions
(CO2, CH4)
Particulate
Emissions
NOx, SOx, and Hg Emissions
Ozone pollution
94M barrels/day
But still 1.6B people lack access to energy
23% childhood mortality India 94M people without food
Energy consumption will more than double
between 2010-2040
34% increase in the warming effect on our
climate 1990 - 2013
NOx levels 243% higher than pre-industrial era
Reductions in crop yield
Sources:IEA Oil Market report 2015 https://www.iea.org/oilmarketreport/
APF http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/china%E2%80%99s-rise-creates-clouds-us-pollution
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Challenges Ahead
1.8Bn2009
3.2Bn2020
4.9Bn2030
Increasing population
Increasing wealth
Increasing demand
7.2B 2015
8.3B 2030
Sources:IEA World Energy Outlook 2011: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/weo2011_web.pdf
EIA International Energy Outlook 2013: http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/pdf/0484%282013%29.pdf
36% by 20302011
The LanzaTech process is driving innovation
Gas Feed Stream
Gas Reception Compression Fermentation Recovery ProductTank
• Process recycles waste carbon into fuels and chemicals
• Process brings underutilized carbon into the fuel pool via industrial symbiosis
• Potential to make material impact on the future energy pool (>100s of billions of gallons per year)
Novel gas fermentation
technology captures CO-rich
gases and converts the carbon
to fuels and chemicalsProprietary
Microbe
Gases are the soleenergy and carbon source
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BiogasLFG, Methane
BiomassSolid WasteIndustrial, MSW, DSW
Waste carbon streams as a Resource
CO2
CO CO + H2 CO + H2 + CO2 CO2 + H2 CO2 + H2O + e-
Gas Fermentation
Reforming Gasification Renewable
ElectricityRenewable H2
Industrial Waste Gas
Steel, PVC, Ferroalloys
Available Most Point SourcedHigh Volume/Low Intrinsic Value
Non-Food
*2010 global production; 2012 proven gas reserves data (IEA, UNEP, IndexMundi, US DOE Billion Ton Update)
~ 1.4B MTA (Steel only) * ~184.2T M3 * >1.3B MTA (US Alone) *>2B MTA *
Carbon efficiency means cleaner air: Emissions savings
Gas Feed Stream
Gas reception CompressionFermentation Recovery Producttank
The LanzaTech Process
CO
CO2
5.2 barrels of gasoline are displaced by every
tonne of ethanol produced
1 tonne ethanol produced as CO averted from flare
Per tonne of LanzaTech Ethanol
CO2 MT kg PM kg NOx kg SOx
Averted from flare 2.1 0.6 4.1 0.9
Displaced gasoline +0.5 +2.5 +7.4 +4.0
Energy required for LanzaTech Process
-0.8 -0.2 -0.8 -1.6
Avoided per tonne of ethanol
1.8 2.9 10.7 3.3
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LanzaTech Ethanol Life Cycle Assessment - Fuel ComparisonThird Party Study – EU Basis
83.8
19.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Fossil Fuel LanzaTech Ethanol
gCO
2e/
MJ
Lifecycle GHG emissions following RED methodology
Fossil fuel comparator emissions (83.8 gCO2eq/MJ) from EU’s FQD
LanzaTech ethanol achieves a 76.6%
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
over baseline fossil fuel
Key Assumptions:
• Cradle-to-pump lifecycle of ethanol
• EU’s Renewal Energy Directive methodology
• BOF gas considered as waste gas by steel industry and as residue by RSB.
• GHG emissions for LanzaTech ethanol from steel mill waste gas (BOF)
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Gas from both hydrothermal vents and steel manufacturing include:
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen (H2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
Methane (CH4)
Not so different…
4 billion years ago Modern day
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Unique chemistry
Biological Water-Gas-Shift (WGS) reaction – Making Hydrogen on Demand
Carbon Monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) enzyme
Operates at ambient temperature and pressure
Allows the organism to use any CO:H2 concentration
Novel electron-Bifurcating enzymes – Coupling an Exergonic with an Endergonic Reaction
Two novel Electron-Bifurcating enzymes identified:
Nfn Complex and Hyt hydrogenase
Efficient and reversible reduction of CO2 with H2 to formate
Allows the organism to save energy and
enabling synthesis of products
Wang et al., J Bacteriol: 195: 4373-86 (2013)
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Proprietary acetogenic biocatalyst
Acetogenic bacterium with ability to utilize gases
as sole energy and carbon source
– CO
– CO+H2 or CO+CO2+H2
– CO2+H2
LanzaTech has developed an evolved proprietary
strain of Clostridium autoethanogenum
Obtained by extensive natural selection program,
having improved characteristics over parent strain
– High gas uptake and ethanol production rates
– Fast growth on defined minimal media
– Non-sporulating and non-motile
– High tolerance to contaminants and products
Sequencing revealed several variations to parent strain: RearangementDeletion Variation Insertion
Brown et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7: 40 (2014)
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Developed genetic engineering platform from scratch…
• No Genetic Tools were available for gas fermenting bacteria
• Robust and high-throughput strain engineering platform developed
• Proprietary genetic toolbox including genome editing tools
and comprehensive parts library
• Online analytics and Omics pipeline
• First predictive genome-scale model of a gas-fermenting organism
– Consists of >1000 metabolic
reactions and metabolites
– Accurately predict growth
and product formation
– Validated against lab and
real world data
– Predicts optimal strain
engineering strategies
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1 Organism, over 20 Products…
Pyruvate
CO/H2
Acetyl-CoA
Fatty Acids,
Terpenoids
Aromatics
Ethanol
Succinate
Lactate
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO)
Biodiesel (FAEE)
3-Hydroxypropionate (3-HP)
IsopropanolAcetone
1-Butanol
1,3-Butanediol (1,3-BDO)
Partnerships
Butylene
1,3-Butadiene
Biopolymers
Amino Acids
Butyrate
3-Hydroxy
Butyrate (3-HB)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
2-Butanol
Acetoin
1,2-Propanediol
1-Propanol
Jet Fuel
Isoprene
Aromatics
DiscoveryLab Scale
Process
Scaled-Up
Process1 Organism, over 25 Products…
Acetate
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CO2
H2
Acetate
CarbonSource
EnergySource
2nd fermentation
Patent filed, optimization underway
Downstream conversion – Direct Carbon Dioxide to Lipids Platform
Hydrocarbon Transport Fuels>US $ 3 trillion/year
OleochemicalsUS $15 billion/yr
Food, Nutritional SupplementsUS $25 billion/yr
Animal FeedsUS $370 billion/yr
EnergySource
CarbonSource
• Yeast accumulate lipids to >70% of their cell mass
• Algae accumulate lipids to >50% of their cell mass
• 40% of algal lipids content are Omega-3 fatty acids (Specifically DHA)
Lipids Product Markets
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Downstream Conversion – 2,3-BDO to Butadiene
Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)US $13 billion/yr
Polybutadiene Rubber (BR)US $8 billion/yr
Nylon 6,6 (from Adiponitrile/HDMA)US $7 billion/yr
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)US $16 billion/yr
Köpke and Havill, Catalyst Review 27: 7-12 (2014)Köpke et al., Appl Environ Microbiol 80: 3394-403 (2014)Köpke et al., Appl Environ Microbiol 77: 5467-75 (2011)
Butadiene Product Markets
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Downstream Conversion - Hydrocarbon Fuels Process
Key Enabler:
Price and
Availability
of Alcohol
First
demonstration
flight planned
later this year
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Ready Now: Scale-up of the LanzaTech technology
Commercial Scale-up Factor Less Than
What Has Been Proven at Demo Scale
Lab
2005
~0.5-1 kg/day
Pilot
2008
50-100 kg/day
50 X Demo
2012
~1500 kg/day
32 X Commercial
2015
~300,000 kg/day
25 XStrain
Development
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Successful technology demonstration
• Successful demonstrations at six
industrial sites to date: New
Zealand, Asia, United States
• Two 100,000 gallon/year ethanol pre-
commercial facilities
• Technology proven using industrial
gas, chemicals, utilities, and water
• Over 40,000 total hours on stream
• Pure continuous runs of > 2000
hours
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Optimizing efficiency: Reactor design & operation
• CO utilization has improved with advances in reactor design
• LanzaTech Pilot plant operations have shown > 95% CO utilization
CO Utilization in the Pilot Plant has been Improved
since the Design of the Demo Reactors
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Global Technology “Lab”: Data, Data, Data
Kaoshiung, TaiwanS/U: Q1 2014
Input: Steelmill gasProduct: Ethanol
Caofeidian, ChinaS/U: Q1 2013
Input: SteelmakingProduct: Ethanol
Shanghai, ChinaS/U: Q1 2012
Input: Steelmill gasProduct: Ethanol
Daejeon, South KoreaS/U: Q2 2015Input: SyngasProduct: BDO,
Butadiene
Glenbrook PilotAuckland, NZ
S/U: 2008Input: Steelmill gasProduct: Ethanol
Freedom PinesSoperton, GA
S/U: 2013Input: Reformed gas,
Biomass syngasProduct: Ethanol,
Jet
Multiple plants at various scales all demonstrating different key aspects of process
AsiaS/U: Q4 2014
Input: MSW SyngasProduct: Ethanol
MSW
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Progress to Commercial @ Bao
• NDRC approval for commercial deployment
obtained
• Project site identified
• Feasibility study completed
• Financing approved by Bao Metal Board
• Preliminary Basic Design completed and
under review
• EPC contract being finalized
• Working with partners globally on additional
commercial plants (Beyond Bao)
LanzaTech global partnerships
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Global Recognition
LanzaTech named Global Cleantech 100 Continued
Excellence winner.
LanzaTech and Virgin Atlantic named 2013 Observer Ethical Award Winners
LanzaTech listed in Sustainia 100
A guide to innovative solutions
at the forefront of sustainable transformation.
Virgin Atlantic wins Sustainable Aviation Award for partnership with LanzaTech
LanzaTech won The Guardian Sustainable Business Innovation Award for Carbon and Energy Management.
LanzaTech won The Breakthrough Innovation Award at the Platts Global Metals Award.
LanzaTech Named a World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer 2013
One of 23 companies globally with promise of “significantly impacting the way business and society operate.”
2014
2013
LanzaTech wins
Global Cleantech
100 North
American
Company of the
Year Award
LanzaTech won Sustainable Innovation Award at Platts Global Energy Awards
LanzaTech won Technical Development Award from World Petroleum Council
#1 Hottest
Company in
Biofuels and
#5 in
Biochemicals
2015LanzaTech won Feedstock of the Year Award and CEO Jennifer Holmgren won Business Person of the Year
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A sensible path…
Industrial Growth
Energy Security
Energy Efficiency
Aligns:
Land To Produce Food
For People
Allows:
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Biofuels “Done Right”
Provides economic development
that creates “green jobs”
A sustainable solution to our
climate and energy challenges
Provides energy security from
sustainable, regional resources
Provides affordable options to
meet growing demand in emerging
economies
No impact on water, food, land or biodiversity