dr. chen, management information systems - html chapter 1: introduction to html, xhtml, and css...

Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML

Chapter 1:Introduction to HTML, XHTML, and

CSS

Jason C. H. Chen, Ph.D.Professor of MIS

School of Business AdministrationGonzaga UniversitySpokane, WA 99258

[email protected]

Dr. Chen, Management Information Systems - HTML2

Chapter Objectives

• Describe the Internet and its associated key terms• Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key

terms• Describe the types and purposes of Web sites• Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose• Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its

associated standards used for Web development• Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in

Web development• Define the Document Object Model (DOM) and

describe its relationship to HTML2


Chapter Objectives (cont.)

• Define Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML

• Identify tools used to create HTML documents

• Describe the five phases of the Web development life cycle

• Describe the different methods of Web site design and the purpose of each Web site structure

• Discuss the importance of testing throughout the Web development life cycle

• Explain the importance of being an observant Web user

3


Type the following URLs

http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html01/myhungerfight.html


4





What you will learn from HTML#1

• Web#1– You will learn the “process” of creating your first personal

web page

• Web#2– You will improve your personal web page using your

“logical reasoning” and “intelligence”

• html01 .. html04– All resources for html01 thru html04 will be saved

different from what you saved for your personal web page.– Why?


H: [root directory] |

public_html [web folder]

index.htmlmyself.pptxmyresume.docx

images [images folder]

book.gif, events.gifgcan.gif, wall.gifmailbox.gif, worm.gif

html01 [folder for HTML#1]


hungerfightlogo.jpg

myhungerfight.html

For html01

What’s new here?How do you create it?

The following is the Directory Structure for HTML#1 assignment


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What is Technology andWhy Technology?

• Technology is not only considered simply as an asset or a capability to manage but also as a factor that has an impact on almost every management method and practice.


What Is the Internet?

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that links billions of computers used by businesses, government, educational institutions, organizations, and individuals using modems, phone lines, television cables, satellite links, fiber-optic connections, and other communications devices and media

• A network is a collection of two or more computers that are connected to share resources and information

• The Internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines that connect major computer systems located around the world

• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that has a permanent connection to the Internet backbone

8


What Is the Internet?

9


What Is the World Wide Web?

• The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is the part of the Internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked documents

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules for exchanging text, graphics, sound, video, and other multimedia files

• Web pages are linked documents, or pages of information, on the Web

• A Web site is a related collection of Web pages that is created and maintained by an individual, company, educational institution, or other organization

• A home page is the first document users see when they access a Web site

10


What Is the World Wide Web?

11


Web Servers

• Web pages are stored on a Web server, or host, which is a computer that stores and sends (serves) requested Web pages and other files

• Publishing is copying Web pages and other files such as graphics and audios to a Web server

12


Web Site Types and Purposes

• An Internet site, also known as a Web site, is a site generally available to the public

• An intranet is a private network that uses Internet technologies to share company information among employees

• An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technologies to share business information with others

• Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet

13


Internet, Intranet and Extranet:Web Site Types and Purposes


Web Site Types and Purposes

15


Web Browsers

• A Web browser, also called a browser, is a program that interprets and displays Web pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web page– Microsoft Firefox, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari– What is the first web browser?– Answer: Mosaic

• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a document or other file accessible on the Internet– http://www.scsite.com/html6e/index.htm

• A hyperlink, also called a link, is an element used to connect one Web page to another Web page that’s located on the same server or used to link Web pages located on a different Web server located anywhere in the world


Web Browsers

17


What Is Difference Between a Client and a Server?

Client & Server Computers 18


Linking Internal Databases to the Web

DATABASE TRENDS

N19


Web-Based Client/Server Database Architecture

Network

Web server

Database Server

Web Browser5. Retrieved data

4. Data query

7. Data-based Web page

8. Data-based Web page

1. Request for data-based Web page

6. Retrieved data

3. Data query

2. Request for data-based Web page

LegendCommunicationsBetween Web browserAnd Web server

CommunicationsBetween Web serverAnd database server 20


What Is Hypertext Markup Language?

• Web pages are created using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which is an authoring language used to create documents for the World Wide Web

• HTML uses a set of special instructions called tags or markup to define the structure and layout of a Web document and specify how the page is displayed in a browser

• HTML is platform independent, meaning you can create, or code, an HTML file on one type of computer and then use a browser on another type of computer to view that file as a Web page

21


What Is Hypertext Markup Language?

22


HTML Elements

23


HTML Coding Practices

24


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A Simple Table and HTML Structure of a Table

The layout of a graphical table

two rows

two columnsbeginning of the table structure

first row of two in the table

end of the table structure

<table> <tr> </tr> <tr> </tr></table>

Second row of two in the table


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A Simple Table and HTML Structure of a Table

The layout of a graphical table

two rows

two columnsbeginning of the table structure

first row of two in the table

end of the table structure

table cells

You do not need to indent the <td> tags or place them on separate lines, but you may find it easier to interpret your code if you do so.

After the table structure is in place, you’re ready to add the text for each cell.

<table> <tr>

</tr> <tr>

</tr></table>

Second row of two in the table

<td>First Cell</td><td>Second Cell</td>

<td>Third Cell</td><td>Fourth Cell</td>

We will study more about how to create tables in chapter 4.


HTML Versions

• HTML has gone through several versions, each of which expands the capabilities of HTML

• The most recent version of HTML is HTML 4.01, although most browsers still support HTML versions 3.2 and 2.0

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Document Object Model (DOM)

• Document Object Model (DOM) describes a combination of HTML tags, CSS, and a scripting language such as JavaScript

• DOM allows JavaScript and other languages to manipulate the structure of the underlying document to create interactive, animated Web pages

• Have you learned (or implemented) any?


Cascading Style Sheets

• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) allows you to specify the style for an element within a single Web page or throughout an entire Web site

• We start using CSS in Chapter 2 and will learn more in chapter 7.

• See next slide for CSS example

Figure 2. updated index.html (for Web2) 

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Home Page for Jason Chen</title><style type="text/css"></style></head><body style="background-color:lightgreen" text="black" link="red" vlink="blue" alink="aqua" background="images/wall.gif"><a name="top"> </a><script type="text/javascript"> document.write(Date()) </script><center> <h1>Welcome to JASON CHEN's Home Page! </h1> </center> <br /> <br />

link (Unvisited color)vlink (previously linked color)alink (activated link color)

Partial codes for Web#2

CSS code


Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that uses tags to describe the structure and content of a document, not the format

• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is a reformulation of HTML formatting so it conforms to XML structure and content rules

31


Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

32


Tools for Creating HTML Documents

• A text editor (e.g., Notepad or Notepad++) is a program that allows a user to enter, change, save, and print text, such as HTML

• An HTML text editor is a program that provides basic text editing functions, as well as more advanced features such as color-coding for various HTML tags, menus to insert HTML tags, and spell checkers

• An HTML object editor, such as Eiffel Software object editor, provides the additional functionality of an outline editor that allows you to expand and collapse HTML objects and properties, edit parameters, and view graphics attached to the expanded objects

• A WYSIWYG editor is a program that provides a graphical user interface that allows a developer to preview the Web page during its development

33


Tools for Creating HTML Documents

Fig. 1-10 hungerfight html file34

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hunger Fight</title></head><body><h1 style="color: #3D60B1">Fight Against World Hunger</h1><div><img src="hungerfightlogo.jpg" width="763" height="210" alt="Hunger Fight logo" /></div><p>Our school and schools around the world have recently joined forces to fight against world hunger. The office for the Fight Against World Hunger team is located next to the bookstore. You can drop off food and money donations there. We also have donation drop-off locations at participating grocery stores. See the list of stores as well as additional information on the bulletin board outside our team office.</p><hr />

<h2 style="color: #3D60B1">What you can do to help:</h2>

<ul style="font-style: italic"><li>Join the school's Fight Against World Hunger team with a $10 donation</li><li>Buy requested food at participating grocery stores and leave at drop-off locations</li><li>Volunteer to collect money and donations around the community</li>

</ul></body></html>

Fig. 1-10 (b) Create myhungerfight.html using Notepad (basic version)

Required for all html HWs

35

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hunger Fight</title></head><body><h1 style="color: #3D60B1">Fight Against World Hunger</h1><div><img src=“images/hungerfightlogo.jpg" width="763" height="210" alt="Hunger Fight logo" /></div><p>Our school and schools around the world have recently joined forces to fight against world hunger. The office for the Fight Against World Hunger team is located next to the bookstore. You can drop off food and money donations there. We also have donation drop-off locations at participating grocery stores. See the list of stores as well as additional information on the bulletin board outside our team office.</p><hr /><h2 style="color: #3D60B1">What you can do to help:</h2><ul style="font-style: italic">

<li>Join the school's Fight Against World Hunger team with a $10 donation</li><li>Buy requested food at participating grocery stores and leave at drop-off locations</li><li>Volunteer to collect money and donations around the community</li>

</ul><br/> <br /> <i> This document was last updated on:<script type="text/javascript"> document.write(document.lastModified);</script> </i></body> </html>

Fig. 1-10 (b) Create myhungerfight.html using Notepad (final version)

What is difference with this code [line] and previous one?

Required for all html HWs


Fig. 1-10 (a) hungerfight.html using Notepad++37


38

Creating an HTML Document

• It is a good idea to plan out a Web page before you start coding

• Draw a planning sketch or create a sample document using a word processor

• Preparatory work can weed out errors or point to potential problems


Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

39


Web Development Life Cycle

40


41

An Example: Creating an HTML Document


Web Development Organizational Standards

42


Web Site Design and Development – (1 of 5)

• A linear Web site structure connects Web pages in a straight line

43


Web Site Design and Development - (2 of 5)

• A hierarchical Web site structure connects Web pages in a tree-like structure

44


• A webbed Web site structure has no set organization

Web Site Design and Development – (3 of 5)

45



• A broad Web site is one in which the home page is the main index page, and all other Web pages are linked individually to the home page

46



• A deep Web site is one that has many levels of pages, requiring the user to click many times to reach a particular Web page

47


Web Site Testing

• Usability is the measure of how well a product, such as a Web site, allows a user to accomplish his or her goals

• Usability testing is a method by which users of a Web site or other product are asked to perform certain tasks in an effort to measure the product’s ease-of-use and the user’s perception of the experience

• Compatibility testing is done to verify that the Web site works with a variety of browsers and browser versions

• Stress testing determines what happens on your Web site when greater numbers of users access the site


Web Site Testing (Usability)

See lab1-1.docx (available on \datafiles\ch01\)49


Chapter Summary

• Describe the Internet and its associated key terms• Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key

terms• Describe the types and purposes of Web sites• Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose• Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its

associated standards used for Web development• Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in

Web development• Define the Document Object Model (DOM) and

describe its relationship to HTML50


Chapter Summary (cont.)

• Define Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML

• Identify tools used to create HTML documents

• Describe the five phases of the Web development life cycle

• Describe the different methods of Web site design and the purpose of each Web site structure

• Discuss the importance of testing throughout the Web development life cycle

• Explain the importance of being an observant Web user

51


HWs

• HTML assignment– Do “hungerfight.html” as illustrated on page 13


HWComplete hungerfight web page (p. 13) and the result is shown below.

required for all HTML HWs

53


HTML#1 HWs

HTML#1 assigned HW

(type the following URL)



54

http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/tutorial.01/chem.htm

http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/tutorial.01/chem.htm


<html><head><! fungerfight Web Page File name: myhungerfight.html Author: Jason Chen Date: 5/28/2012 Text page: HTML, p. 13 (Figure 1-10 (b) *** Note that there is an “images” folder (images) created in this version---->

<title> .... </title></head>

<body>...

<p>Our school and schools around the world have recently joined forces to fight against world hunger. The office for the Fight Against ….</p>

<hr /><h2 style="color: #3D60B1">What you can do to help:</h2>

...

...

</body> </html>

Modify and complete all missing HTML statements.

55


<html><head><! Chemistry Classes Web Page File name: myhungerfight.html Author: Jason Chen Date: 1/28/2013 Text page: HTML, p.42 Figure 1-33 *** Note that there is an “images” folder (images) created in this version---->

<title> .... </title></head>

<body>...

<p style="text-align: center">Welcome to the Robert Service High School Chemistry Web page. Read below to learn about our classes and policies.</p>

<h2>Chemistry Classes</h2>

...

...

<h2>Class Policies</h2>

</body> </html>

Modify and complete all missing HTML statements.

sample

56


What is the next?

• Create a new folder ‘html01’ under public_html• Create another new folder ‘images’ under html01• All HTML tutorials and homework should be saved under an appropriate

folder such as html01 for chapter01• All image files for HTML should be saved under this images (i.e.,

public_html/html01/images/), this is not the images right under public_html)• Copy/download appropriate data files and save it under html01 folder. Open it

with Notepad and save it as myhungerfight.html.• Copy/download all three image files and save them under html01/images/

folder.• Modify/change your myhungerfight.html exactly the same as shown on the

handout.• You are strongly recommended to create same directory structure on your PC• From now on, employ all what you learned from HMTL texts and enhance

your personal web page (i.e., index.html)

57

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hunger Fight</title></head><body>

…

</body> </html>

Fig. 1-10 (b) Create myhungerfight.html using Notepad

We will complete all these command lines

File name: myfungerfight.html

58


<h1 style="color: #3D60B1">Fight Against World Hunger</h1><div><img src=“images/hungerfightlogo.jpg" width="763" height="210" alt="Hunger Fight logo" /></div><p>Our school and schools around the world have recently joined forces to fight against world hunger. The office for the Fight Against World Hunger team is located next to the bookstore. You can drop off food and money donations there. We also have donation drop-off locations at participating grocery stores. See the list of stores as well as additional information on the bulletin board outside our team office.</p><hr /><h2 style="color: #3D60B1">What you can do to help:</h2><ul style="font-style: italic">

<li>Join the school's Fight Against World Hunger team with a $10 donation</li>

<li>Buy requested food at participating grocery stores and leave at drop-off locations</li>

<li>Volunteer to collect money and donations around the community</li></ul> …

What is different from the text (p.13)?

The text will be displayed if the image file can’t be found

59


<br/> <br /><i> This document was last updated on:<script type="text/javascript"> document.write(document.lastModified);</script> </i></body> </html>

Required for ALL html HWs

60


H: [root directory] |

public_html [web folder]




html01 [folder for HTML#1]


hungerfightlogo.jpg

myhungerfight.html

For html01

What’s new here?How do you create it?

The following is the Directory Structure for HTML#1 assignment

61


H: [root directory] |public_htm [web folder]

|


hungerfightlogo.jpg

html01[folder for HTML#1]


Images[images folder]


…

…


All other *.gif image files

All other *.html files



All other *.jpg image files

All other *.html files


For your personal Web Page

The following is the Directory Structure for All HTML Assignments

myhungerfight.html


63

Test the HTML

http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html01/myfungerfight.html

http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_ID/html01/myfungerfight.html


HWComplete hungerfight web page (p. 13) and the result is shown below.

required for all HTML hws 64


What/How you should turn in for HTML#1

1. Download data files, hungerfightlogo.jpg, under html012. What/How you should turn in: email me with the following information

(Fail to provide me with ALL information, you will lose major points) a) To: [email protected] b) Subject: BMIS235-01 HTML#1 c) Message :

Dr. Chen

http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~your_userID/html01/myhungerfight.html

<Your Full Name> at the end of the message line

so that I can record/grade your homework.

65