HISTORY CLASS VII

WEEK 4 (27th April to 3rdMay) 2020)

Name of the Chapter: 2. New Kings And Kingdoms TIMING: 40 mins per period

Period 1: Period 2:

Period 3 Revision time – 10 mins Test time – 20 mins Discussing answers – 10 mins Marks - 15

Step -I: The below mindmap gives a quick look at the whole chapter.

Task : 1: Students are to draw this mindmap in their notebook

Step-II : A Thorough Recapitulation of the lesson done

Step -I: TASK: To write the following solutions to the questions given on the previous lesson plan of week 3. Please read all instructions carefully.

Write the answers of the questions given below in the notebook.

Q1. Who were the Samantas? 1mAns. The big landlords or warrior chiefs who were subordinate to their overlord kings. They brought gifts for their kings and provided them with military support. Q2. From whom resources were collected? 1mAns. In each of these new kingdoms, resources were collected from the producers, that is, peasants, cattle-keepers, artisans. Revenue was also collected from traders. Q3. How did new kingdoms emerge in the 7 th and 8th

centuries ? 3mAns i. By the 7th century, there were big landlords or warrior chiefs or Samantas gained more power and wealth, they declared themselves independent. ii. Example 1. In the mid-8th century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and became the ruler by performing a ritual called hiranya-garbha. iii. Example 2. In other cases, men from enterprising families used their military skills to carve out kingdoms like:

Step -I: Revise the chapter for 10 mins, read the portion completed thoroughly.

Attempt the test given below

Step-II: Students to fill up the following box with the different types of land according to the Chola inscription ( Refer to page 26 of the textbook)

1x5=5

in week 3

Warfare for wealth: Bullet points

Tripartite struggle to gain control over Kannauj. Each of these ruling dynasties – Rashtrakutas

( modern Maharashtra and nearby regions, Gurjara-Pratihara ( NorthWestern India) , or Palas (Bengal) etc. were based in a specific region.

At the same time, they tried to control other areas and one particularly prized area was the city of Kanauj in the Ganga valley.

For centuries, rulers belonging to the Gurjara-Pratihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties fought for control over Kanauj.

As there were three “parties” in this long drawn conflict, historians often describe it as the “ tripartite struggle ”.

a. Kadamba Mayurasharman established his kingdom in Karnataka.

b. The Gurjara- Pratihara chief, Harichandra established his kingdom in Rajasthan.

Both these rulers were Brahmanas who gave up their traditional professions and took to arms.

Q 4. Why did Sultan Mahmud invade India? 3mAns

i. Often rulers also tried to demonstrate their power and wealth by building large temples.

ii. Some rulers attacked one another’s kingdoms. They often targeted the temples, which were sometimes extremely rich.

iii. One such ruler was Sultan Mahmmud of Ghazni in Afghanistan who invaded India almost every year – and his targets were wealthy temples, including that of Somnath, Gujarat. Sultan Mahmud carried away the raided wealth to create a splendid capital city at Ghazni.

Q5. Mention the methods used for irrigation during the Chola rule . 1mAns A variety of methods were used for irrigation.

i. Wells were dug in many places ii. Huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater iii. Canals were constructed to carry water to the fields.

Q 6. Discuss the importance of the Chola temples. 4m Ans

i. Chola temples became the nuclei of settlements ii. They were centres of craft production. Amongst the

crafts associated with temples, the making of bronze images was the most distinctive.

iii. Temples were also endowed with land by rulers and produce of this land helped to maintain the people working in the temple such as priest, garland-makers, sweepers, cooks, musicians, dancers, etc.

iv. Temples were not only places of worship; they were the

Q 2. Match the columns: 1x5=5m

Q3. Answer the following questions in brief: 1x5=5m

1. Who built the town of Thanjavur?2. Who looked after the

Brahmadeyas?3. Who was Dantidurga?4. What were the UR and NADU

during the Chola rule?5. What was unique about the

writings of Kalhana?

END OF PERIOD 3

PALAS OF BENGALRASHTRAKUTASOF NORTHERN DECCANColumn A Column B

1. Rajaraja I i. Group of villages

2. Mahmud Ghazni

ii. Kitab-al-Hind

3. Al-Biruni iii. Chola ruler

4. Nadu iv. Golden womb

5. Hiranya Garbha

v. Afghan ruler

Mahmud of Ghazni raided India (bullet points) Rulers also tried to show their power and wealth by

building large temples. So, when they attacked one another’s kingdoms,

they often chose to target temples, which were sometimes extremely rich.

One of the best known of such rulers is Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, Afghanistan. He ruled from 997 to 1030, and extended control over parts of Central Asia, Iran and the north-western part of the subcontinent.

He raided the subcontinent almost every year – 17 times in 25 years) and his targets were the wealthy temples, including that of Somnath, Gujarat.

SOMNATH TEMPLE

Much of the wealth Mahmud carried away was used to create a splendid capital city at Ghazni, Afghanistan

Prithviraja III and Sultan Muhammad also engaged in warfare for wealth ( bullet points)

Other kings who engaged in warfare include the Chahamanas, later known as the Chauhans, who ruled over the region around Delhi and Ajmer.

They attempted to expand their control to the west and the east, where they were opposed by the Chalukyas of Gujarat and the Gahadavalas of western Uttar Pradesh.

The best-known Chahamana ruler was Prithviraja III (1168-1192), who defeated an Afghan ruler named Sultan Muhammad Ghori in 1191, but lost to him

hub(centre) of economic, social and cultural life as well. Q 7. Describe the administrative features of the newly established empire of the Cholas. 4 mAns

1. UR: Village or settlements of peasants, that became prosperous with the spread of irrigation agriculture.

2. NADU: Groups of such villages or URs formed larger units called Nadu. The village council and the Nadu had several administrative functions including dispensing justice and collecting taxes

3. SABHA: Brahmanas often received land grants. Each brahmadeya was looked after by an assembly or sabha of prominent Brahmana landholders.

4. NAGARAM: Associations of traders known as nagaram, which occasionally performed administrative functions in towns.

Step – IITask : 3

Students to do this map in a fresh political map of india. Locate the following places: 1.Chahamanas 2.Gurjara-Pratiharas 3. Rashtrakutas 4. Cholas 5. Cheras 6. Pandyas 7. Paramaras 8.Kanauj

Step – III – Draw this Venn-diagram showing the Tripartite Struggle in your notebook.

the very next year, in 1192. Story telling( Samyukta’s swayamvar with Prithviraj

Chauhan or Prithviraj III)

From Uraiyur to Thanjavur: CHOLASBullet points:

A minor chiefly family – Muttaraiyar - held power in the Kaveri delta.

They were subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram.

Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient chiefly family of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of the ninth century.

Vijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur and a temple in Uraiyur.

The successors of Vijayalaya conquered neighbouring regions and the Chola kingdom grew in size and power.

The Pandyan and the Pallava territories to the south and north were captured and made part of this kingdom.

Rajaraja I, considered the most powerful Chola ruler, became king in 985A.D. and expanded control over most of these areas.

He also reorganised the administration of the Chola empire.

Rajaraja’s son Rajendra I continued his father’s policies and even raided the Ganga valley, Sri Lanka and countries of Southeast Asia like Java, Sumatra in Indonesia, Malaysia etc. by developing a strong navy for these expeditions.

Splendid Temples and Bronze Sculpture: Bullet points:

The Chola temples were centres of craft production

Step - IVIf you have any doubts clear them with your subject teacher ( Please check name and number of the subject from the school website)

END OF PERIOD 2

A bronze sculpture

Making of Bronze images was most distinctive Temples were endowed with lands Temples were hub of economic, social and cultural

life. Two famous temples Thanjavur and

Gangaikondacholapuram

Agriculture and Irrigation:

Cholas achievements attributed to new agricultural developments

Forests were cleared for large scale cultivation Various methods were used to water crops

artificially through wells, canals and tanks

The administration of the Empire: bullet points

How was the administration organised? i. UR: Settlements of peasants, known as ur ,

became prosperous with the spread of irrigation agriculture.

ii. NADU: Groups of such villages formed larger units called nadu .

iii. The village council and the nadu had several

administrative functions including dispensing justice and collecting taxes.

NEW TERMS: BRAHMADEYA; Brahmanas often received land

grants SABHA: Each brahmadeya was looked after by an

assembly or sabha of prominent Brahmana landholders.

NAGARAM: Associations of traders known as nagaram, which occasionally performed administrative functions in towns.

Step - III Refer to the Detailed learning module from the

Extramark app.

Step - IV If you have any doubts clear them with your subject teacher ( Please check name and number of the subject from the school website)

END OF PERIOD 1