dpla exhibitions:questions about copyright
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright
Katie Fortney@kfortneyOctober 1, 2014
![Page 2: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright? Isn’t everything in
DPLA in the public domain?
Well why is it on the
internet then?
I should be able to
use it too, right?
![Page 3: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I. What’s protected by copyright?What isn’t?
![Page 4: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright expires.
• Based on publication date
• Based on when the author died
![Page 5: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
https://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm
![Page 6: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Public domain= forever. Mostly.
But see
• http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Golan_v._Holder
• https://www.eff.org/de
eplinks/2012/01/supre
me-court-gets-it-
wrong-golan-v-holder-
public-domain-mourns
![Page 7: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What qualifies in the first place?
“…original works of authorship fixed
in any tangible medium of
expression…”*
Photos and art produced by
humans will almost always qualify.
*You can read U.S. copyright law at www.copyright.gov/title17. That
quote is from Section 102.
![Page 8: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Some things aren’t eligible for protection in the first place.
• US federal government works
• Ideas
• Facts
• Insufficient authorshipSee sections 102 & 105
![Page 9: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Threshold_of_originality#United_States
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_of_originality
Thinking about authorshipand the threshold of originality
![Page 10: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Case study:Exact copies of public domain
works aren’t protected.
• Bridgeman Art Library case
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeman_A
rt_Library_v._Corel_Corp.
• Articles for further reading:– http://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/2011/06/27/cop
yright-museums-and-licensing-of-art-images/
![Page 11: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Exact copies of public domain works
Different approaches from different
archives• The Getty Open Content Program
• The Commons on Flickr
– Smithsonian, Internet Archive, NASA, etc.
• Folger Shakespeare Library (CC BY-NC-SA)
• The Met’s Open Access for Scholarly
Content
![Page 12: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
II. Protected by copyright,part of DPLA:
How does that work?
![Page 14: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Copyright law gives copyright holders exclusive rights.
(See section 106)
But:
• They can grant permission.
• Their rights have limitations.
![Page 15: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Creative Commons licenses are a way to give
broad, general permission
• Require giving credit
• Author keeps copyright ownership
• Widely used (for all kinds of content)
• Machine readable
• Six different licenses to choose from
Keys, USS Bowfin by Joseph Novak CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/josephleenovak/5559755789/
![Page 16: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CC BY: Attribution
Bare bones by Caroline CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/hills_alive/8511444405/
![Page 17: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The NonCommercial (NC) Restriction
• E.g. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
• Some debate about what counts as “commercial”
• “not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation”
Forex Money for Exchange in Currency Bank by epSos.de CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/8463683689/
![Page 18: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The No Derivative Works (ND) Restriction
• E.g. http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode
• No “translation,
adaptation, derivative
work,” etc.
• Inclusions in
collections and
anthologies still
allowed.
Building Blocks by tiffany terry CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/35168673@N03/6086229920/
![Page 19: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The ShareAlike (SA) Restriction
• E.g. http://creativecommons.o
rg/licenses/by-
sa/4.0/legalcode
• Applies to
Adaptations, but
not Collections
Photo by Katie Fortney
![Page 20: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Different combinations
6 licenses
Stone balancing! by Giles Turnbull CC BY-NC http://www.flickr.com/photos/gilest/132093750/
![Page 21: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Not everything in DPLA is going to be that clear and friendly.
![Page 22: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fair use is flexible. Fair use is the law.
Fair use, including for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship or research, is not an infringement. Factors to be considered include:
(1) the purpose and character of your use;
(2) the nature of the work you’re using (not your new work);
(3) the amount/substantiality used;
(4) the effect of your use on the market for the work you’re using.
- see 17 U.S. Code § 107
![Page 23: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Courts will always walk through the 4 factors.
But there are other approaches to help you think through it.
1. Did the use “transform” the material taken from the copyrighted work by using it for a broadly beneficial purpose different from that of the original?
2. Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount?
![Page 24: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Copyright comes from the Constitution.
“To promote the Progress of Science
and useful Arts, by securing for limited
Times to Authors and Inventors the
exclusive Right to their respective
Writings and Discoveries”
-Article I, Section 8, Clause 8
![Page 25: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Learn more about fair use. It’s fun.
• ARL Code:
http://www.arl.org/fairuse
• List of common misunderstandings
about fair use:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_us
e#Common_misunderstandings
• ALA OITP “Fair Use Evaluator:”
http://librarycopyright.net/resourc
es/fairuse/
• University of Minnesota “Thinking
Through Fair Use:”
https://www.lib.umn.edu/copyright/fairthoughts
![Page 26: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
III. But can *I* use it?
![Page 27: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Clear answers are easier for everybody.
![Page 28: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Today streamline.Tomorrow, balance risk and reward.
• Copyright Risk
Management in RLI 279
http://publications.arl.org/r
li279/17
• OCLC “Well Intentioned
Practice”
documenthttp://oclc.org/r
esearch/activities/rights/su
pport.html
• Orphan works best
practices (forthcoming)
![Page 30: DPLA Exhibitions:Questions about copyright](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032421/55a7972e1a28ab841f8b483a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Questions?