Download - ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
1/9
Datoya BrownZOOL 410-02 Principles of Genetics
28 November 2012
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
2/9
Stem cells are cells that: Are not committed to a specific fate
Are pluripotent, i.e. they can give rise to multiple
different cell types Are capable of long-term self-renewal; they are able
to proliferate, but they renew themselves during eachdivision
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
3/9
They can give rise to, or differentiate into, multiple cell types This trait is unique to stem cells; all other cells are committed to a
specific fate they cant convert to a different cell fate (trans-differentiation) or revert back to a more stem-cell like,uncommitted state either (de-differentiation)
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
4/9
Are capable of long-term self-renewal
They are highly proliferative
Each division produces one cell that will go on todifferentiate and one cell that remains a stem cell (self-renewal):
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
5/9
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) Derived from very early embryos
The only truly TOTIpotent cells (can giverise to ANY cell type in the body)
Adult (somatic) stem cells These cells reside in adults
All are pluripotent, but some are capableof giving rise to more cell types thanothers
Adult stem cell populations include: Intestinal stem cells
Adipose stem cells
Bone marrow stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cells
Cord blood stem cells
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
6/9
Studying the process of differentiation Providing a model for testing drugs and
treatments Generating cells and tissues for
replacement therapies in diseases that arecaused by or result from cell death intissues that cannot regenerate themselves: heart disease stroke diabetes burns Alzheimers and other neurodegenerative
disorders spinal cord injuries arthritis etc.
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
7/9
Significant drawbacks to ES cells have limitedtheir development as a clinical tool, to some
extent: Ethical considerations
ES cell-derived tissues would be recognized as foreignby your immune system, and could be attacked as a
result (host-vs-graft) Some concern that ES cell-derived tissues could be
tumorigenic if their differentiation is incomplete(might retain highly proliferative capability)
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
8/9
Hassiotou, Beltran, Chetwynd et al. Breastmilk Is a Novel Source of Stem Cells
with Multilineage Differentiation Potential.(2012). Stem Cells, (30):21642174
Hypothesis The presence of these cells in breastmilk highlights it as a
novel and noninvasive source of multipotent patient-specific
stem cells, with the potential for application in regenerative
medicine and in studies of molecular determinants of cancer
Purpose In this study, we sought to examine regulators of the self-
renewal of hBSCs and their plasticity and potential to
differentiate toward cell types outside the mammary lineage
-
7/29/2019 ZOOL 410 Perspectives on Stem Cells
9/9
Evans, M.J., Kaufman, M.H. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells
from mouse embryos. Nature, 1983; 292:154-156.
Hassiotou, Beltran, Chetwynd et al. Breastmilk Is a Novel Source of Stem
Cells with Multilineage Differentiation Potential.(2012). Stem Cells,(30):21642174