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Chapter17

Chordata:UrochordataandCephalochordata

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PhylumChordata

•  Characteris;cs1.  Bilaterallysymmetricaldeuterostomes2.  Auniquecombina;onof5characteris;cs:

1.  notochord2.  pharyngealslitsorpouches3.  dorsaltubularnervecord4.  postanaltail5.  endostyleorthyroidgland

3.  Completediges;vetract4.  Ventral,contrac;lebloodvessel(heart)


PhylumChordata

•  Notochord- Suppor;ve,flexibleroddorsaltobodycavity- Connec;ve;ssuesheath

•  Pharyngealslits- Openingsbetweendiges;vetractandoutsideofbody- Maybeinformofpouches- Filterfeedingor,insome,gillsdevelopforgasexchange


Figure17.2Chordatebodyplan.


PhylumChordata

•  Tubularnervecord– Dorsaltonotochord–  Expandedanteriorlyintobrain

•  Postanaltail–  Extendsposteriorlybeyondanalopening

•  Endostyle(orthyroidgland)–  Ventralaspectofpharynx–  Secretesmucususedinfilterfeeding–  Transformedintothyroidglandinadultlampreysandotherchordates


SubphylumUrochordata

•  Tunicatesorseasquirts– Ascidians(seasquirt)sessileasadults– Appendiculariansandthaliaceansplanktonicasadults

– Thaliaceans(salps)arebioluminescent

•  Bodywallcoveredbyconnec;ve-;ssuetunic


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SubphylumUrochordataFigure17.3SubphylumUrochordata.


Figure17.4TunicateMetamorphosis.


SubphylumUrochordata•  Maintenancefunc;ons

–  Nervoussystem•  Nervesinbodywall•  Singlegangliononpharynx

–  Nocomplexsensoryorgans–  Feedinganddiges;on

•  Ciliary-mucousmechanism•  Endostylesecretesmucoussheet•  Diges;vewasteexitswithexcurrentwater

–  Gasexchange•  Pharynx

–  Circula;on•  Heartatbaseofpharynx•  Amoeboidcellsaccumulatenitrogenwaste

–  Excre;on•  DiffusionandreleasewithexcurrentwaterCopyright©2016McGraw-HillEduca;on.Allrightsreserved.Noreproduc;onordistribu;onwithoutthe

priorwriDenconsentofMcGraw-HillEduca;on

Figure17.5Internalstructureofatunicate.

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distribu;onwithoutthepriorwriDenconsentofMcGraw-HillEduca;on

SubphylumUrochordata

•  Reproduc;onanddevelopment– Monoecious– Externalfer;liza;onorwithinatrium– Tadpole-likelarvase`lesandundergoesmetamorphosis(figure17.4).


SubphylumCephalochordata

•  Lancelets•  Shallowmarinesubstrates•  Par;allyburiedfilterfeeders•  Notochordextendsintohead•  Segmentallyarrangedmusclesoneithersideofnotochord

•  Oralhoodwithcirri


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Figure17.6SubphylumCephalochordata.



•  Maintenancefunc;ons–  Filterfeeding

•  Ciliatedgillbarscreatewatercurrents•  Cirrisortfood•  Endostylesecretesmucusthattrapsfoodongillbars•  Transportedtogut

–  Circula;on•  Contrac;lewavesinvesselspropelblood

–  Excre;on•  Excretorytubulesreceivewastefromblood

–  Coelomreduced



•  Reproduc;onanddevelopment– Dioecious– Free-swimminglarvaese`leandmetamorphosetoadults


FurtherPhylogene;cConsidera;ons

•  Deuterostomata– Echinodermata,Hemichordata,Chordata– Molecular,morphological,anddevelopmentalevidencepointtothechordatesasmonophyle;c


Figure17.7OneInterpreta;onofDeuterostomatePhylogeny.


FurtherPhylogene;cConsidera;ons

•  ThirdchordatesubphylumisCraniata–  InfraphylumVertebrata•  Largestandmostsuccessfulchordates•  Bonyorcar;laginousvertebraecompletelyorpar;allyreplacenotochord•  Three-partbrain•  Skeletonmodifiedintoskullorcranium•  Abundantfossilrecord•  Chapters18-22


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AnatomicalTerms

•  Anterior•  Posterior•  Dorsal•  Ventral•  Lateral•  Medial•  Caudal


Download - Zoo Chp 17 power point - Springfield Public Schools Chp 17... · 1/6/19 2 Subphylum Urochordata Figure 17.3 Subphylum Urochordata. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Educa;on. All rights

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