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Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020
Dr Paul ConnettDr Paul Connett
Professor Emeritus of ChemistryProfessor Emeritus of Chemistry
St Lawrence University, Canton, NYSt Lawrence University, Canton, NY
ItalyItaly, Dec, 2006, Dec, 2006
PaulPaul@@AmericanAmericanHealthHealthStudies.Studies.orgorg
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My thanks to Rossano My thanks to Rossano Ercolini Ercolini (Ambiente (Ambiente Futuro)Futuro) for organizing for organizing my 27th visit to Italy my 27th visit to Italy
Rossano Ercolini Rossano Ercolini
[email protected]@interfree.it
338-28-66-215338-28-66-215
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DIFFERENT TIMES DIFFERENT TIMES DIFFERENT QUESTIONSDIFFERENT QUESTIONS
2020thth CENTURY CENTURY
WASTE WASTE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
“ “ How do we get rid How do we get rid of our waste of our waste
efficiently with efficiently with minimum damage to minimum damage to our health and the our health and the
environment ?”environment ?”
2121stst CENTURY CENTURY
RESOURCE RESOURCE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
“ “ How do we handle our How do we handle our discarded resources in discarded resources in
ways which do not ways which do not deprive future deprive future
generations of some, if generations of some, if not all, of their value ?”not all, of their value ?”
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.Semplicemente non ha senso spendere così tanti soldiPer distruggere risorse che dovremmoRisparmiare per il futuroRisparmiare per il futuro.”(PC)
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Incineration is not Incineration is not sustainablesustainable
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SPOSTARSI A VALLE
Progettare i rifiuti
all’esterno del ciclo produttivo
ZERO WAST E
NO ALLA SOCIETA’
USA E GETTA
SÌ A UNASOCIETA’
SOSTENIBILE
RIFIUTI ZERO 2020
NO ALL’INCENERIMENTO
NO ALLE DISCARICHE
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Per ottenere Zero Per ottenere Zero Rifiuti Rifiuti
Occorrono tre cose
1)RESPONSABILITA’ INDUSTRIALE (a monte)
2)RESPONSABILITA’ della COMUNITA’ (a valle)
3)Una BUONA LEADERSHIP POLITICA (per saldare insieme entrambe)
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RESPONSABILITA’ della RESPONSABILITA’ della
COMUNITA’COMUNITA’ Classification of Discarded Classification of Discarded materialsmaterials 1. Avoidables 1. Avoidables (e.g. throwaway plastic objects)(e.g. throwaway plastic objects)
2. Reusables 2. Reusables (e.g furniture, appliances)(e.g furniture, appliances) 3.3. Toxics Toxics (e.g paint, oil, batteries)(e.g paint, oil, batteries) 4.4. Compostables Compostables (e.g. food scraps)(e.g. food scraps) 5. Recyclables 5. Recyclables (e.g. paper, glass, metals)(e.g. paper, glass, metals) 6. Residuals6. Residuals Residuals = “bad industrial Residuals = “bad industrial
design” design” Residui = “cattiva progettazione industriale”Residui = “cattiva progettazione industriale”
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RESPONSABILITA’ della RESPONSABILITA’ della
COMUNITA’COMUNITA’ Classification of Discarded Classification of Discarded materialsmaterials 1. Avoidables1. Avoidables 2. Reusables2. Reusables 3.3. ToxicsToxics 4.4. Compostables Porta a PortaCompostables Porta a Porta 5. Recyclables Porta a Porta5. Recyclables Porta a Porta 6. Residuals 6. Residuals Porta a PortaPorta a Porta
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A good example of A good example of Porta a Porta Porta a Porta collectioncollection = San Francisco, California= San Francisco, California
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San FranciscoSan Francisco Popolazione = 850.000Popolazione = 850.000 Carenza di spazio Carenza di spazio 50% raccolta differenziata entro il 50% raccolta differenziata entro il
20002000 63% raccolta differenziata entro il 63% raccolta differenziata entro il
2004 -this includes both municipal 2004 -this includes both municipal and industrial wasteand industrial waste
75% raccolta differenziata entro il 75% raccolta differenziata entro il 2010 (obiettivo)2010 (obiettivo)
100% (or very close!) entro il 2020 – 100% (or very close!) entro il 2020 – Zero RifiutiZero Rifiuti
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I “Fantastici 3”I “Fantastici 3”
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ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS AND ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS AND COMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THE COMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THE GREENGREEN CARTCART
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Impianto di Impianto di CompostaggioCompostaggio
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UN RICCO COMPOST, PRONTO PER UN RICCO COMPOST, PRONTO PER LA VENDITALA VENDITA
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I PRODOTTI BIOLOGICI TORNANO I PRODOTTI BIOLOGICI TORNANO SUI MERCATI E NEI RISTROANTI DI SUI MERCATI E NEI RISTROANTI DI SAN FRANCISCO SAN FRANCISCO
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ALL BOTTLES, CANS AND ALL BOTTLES, CANS AND RECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THERECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THE BLUE BLUE CARTCART
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@ Molo 96
Centrale di RiciclaggioCentrale di Riciclaggio
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Porta a Porta (no Porta a Porta (no Vespa!)Vespa!) L’ Italia ha uno dei migliori L’ Italia ha uno dei migliori
centri di ricerca al mondo centri di ricerca al mondo per la progettazione di una per la progettazione di una raccolta porta a porta raccolta porta a porta efficace ed efficiente di efficace ed efficiente di rifiuti riciclabili e organicirifiuti riciclabili e organici
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ItaliaItalia
600 communities in 600 communities in Italy are achieving Italy are achieving over over 50% diversion50% diversion using using Porta a Porta collection Porta a Porta collection systemssystems
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Comunità in Lazio che hanno Comunità in Lazio che hanno riciclato più del 50% dei rifiuti riciclato più del 50% dei rifiuti attraverso il sistema di raccolta attraverso il sistema di raccolta porta-a-portaporta-a-porta in un solo anno! in un solo anno!
ComuneComune PopulazionePopulazione % rifiuto % rifiuto
differenziatodifferenziato
Sonnino Sonnino
7,1547,154 54%54%
SermonetaSermoneta 7,0007,000 64%64%
LenolaLenola 4,2004,200 65%65%
MonterosiMonterosi 3,0293,029 54%54%
BassianoBassiano 1,6701,670 50%50%
CastelforteCastelforte 4,7004,700 52%52%
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Near TrevisoNear Treviso
Consorzio PriulaConsorzio Priula
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RISULTATI QUANTITATIVIRISULTATI QUANTITATIVIAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATAAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA
27,18%33,64%
65,64% 70,42% 73,82% 75,63%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
CONSORZIO ANNO 2000(14 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2001(14 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2002(14 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2003(18 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2004(22 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2005(22 COMUNI)
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RISULTATI QUANTITATIVIRISULTATI QUANTITATIVIAUMENTO % RACCOLTA AUMENTO % RACCOLTA
DIFFERENZIATADIFFERENZIATA42
,19%
80
,20%
32,5
3%
78
,53%
31,6
8%
75
,04%
25,2
2%
74,4
1%
25,1
1%
79,0
9%
19,0
5%
75,3
6%
35
,40%
72
,41%
15
,06%
72
,52%
19,4
5%
75
,44%
35,4
6%
78,7
5%
18,9
4%
74,3
2%
18,4
8%
72,3
5%
18,2
3%
70,8
3%
32
,43%
68
,70%
48
,41%
75
,62%
45
,98%
73
,69%
67,8
9%
82,0
6%
54,9
6%
75,0
8%
11,5
5%
79,9
8%
47,0
1%
81,4
5%
55
,16%
78
,79%
46
,13%
81
,29%
33
,74%
75
,63%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
90,00%
Arc
ade
Bre
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i Pia
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Carb
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Gia
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ra d
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onte
llo
Ma
se
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sul P
iav
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es
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ella
Batta
glia
Paes
e
Ponza
no
Ven
eto
Poveg
liano
Quin
to d
i Tre
vis
o
Sile
a
Spre
sia
no
Suse
gana
Villorb
a
Casie
r
Mon
astie
r
Pre
ga
nz
iol
Zero
Bra
nco
Casa
le s
ul S
ile
Ronc
ade
S. B
iagio
di C
alla
lta
Zenso
n d
i Pia
ve
CO
NS
OR
ZIO
PR
IULA
ANNO 2000
ANNO 2005
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DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?
ANDAMENTO DEI COSTI DI GESTIONE OPERATIVACON E SENZA RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA
€ 91,64
€ 67,68
€ 73,92
€ 60,58
€ 65,69
€ 30,00
€ 40,00
€ 50,00
€ 60,00
€ 70,00
€ 80,00
€ 90,00
€ 100,00
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
ANNO
€/a
b
Costi di gestione senza raccolta differenziata
Costi di gestione con raccolta differenziata
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ItaliaItalia
In the NorthIn the North, Novara - , Novara - (population = 100,000) at (population = 100,000) at 70% diversion 70% diversion
Contact: Fabio TomeiContact: Fabio Tomei [email protected]@libero.it In the SouthIn the South, Near Salerno 4 , Near Salerno 4
communities over 70%communities over 70%
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Zero Waste vs. Zero Waste vs. IncinerationIncineration
Incineration reduces waste to landfill by 75%. Incineration reduces waste to landfill by 75%. 25% is ash and this has to go to landfill.25% is ash and this has to go to landfill.
Porta a porta reduces waste to landfill by Porta a porta reduces waste to landfill by 80%+ This is already better than incineration80%+ This is already better than incineration
Remaining 20% requires Remaining 20% requires INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITYRESPONSIBILITY
To get To get INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITYINDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY we need we need the the RESIDUAL SCREENING AND RESEARCH RESIDUAL SCREENING AND RESEARCH FACILITYFACILITY
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CompostingCompostingFacilityFacility
MaterialsMaterialsRecoveryRecovery
FacilityFacility Residual Residual ScreeningScreening && Reseach
FacilityFacility
Reuse &Reuse &RepairRepair Household ToxicsHousehold Toxics
1 2 3
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IMPIANTO DI IMPIANTO DI SEPARAZONESEPARAZONE della FRAZIONE RESIDUA della FRAZIONE RESIDUA These facilities are These facilities are
operating in operating in Nuova Nuova Scozia (Canada)Scozia (Canada)
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TOSSICI
IMBALLAGGI E OGGETTI NON RICICLABILI
IMPIANTO DI SEPARAZONE della FRAZIONE RESIDUA
PIU’ RICICLABILI
FRAZIONEFRAZIONEORGANICA ORGANICA SPORCASPORCA
DISCARICA TEMPORANEA
STABILIZZAZIONE BIOLOGICA
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TOSSICI
IMBALLAGGI E OGGETTI NON RICICLABILI
IMPIANTO DI SEPARAZONE della FRAZIONE RESIDUA
PIU’ RICICLABILI
FRAZIONEFRAZIONEORGANICA ORGANICA SPORCASPORCA
DISCARICA TEMPORANEA
STABILIZZAZIONE BIOLOGICA
CENTRO DICENTRO DI RICERCARICERCA
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IMBALLAGGI E ALTRI RIFIUTI NON RICICLABILI
RICERCA SCIENTIFICA SU NUOVI IMPIEGHI DEI MATERIALI OTTENUTI DA RIFIUTI E
MIGLIORE PROGETTAZIONE INDUSTRIALE
FRAZIONE RESIDUA, CENTRO DI RICERCA
Università locale
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TOSSICII
RICERCA SCIENTIFICA “FOR CLEAN
PRODUCTION”
Università locale
FRAZIONE RESIDUA, CENTRO DI RICERCA
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Incenerendo …Incenerendo …
… … si convertono si convertono 3 3 tonnellate di tonnellate di rifiuti in:rifiuti in:
11 tonnellata di ceneri tonnellata di ceneri tossichetossiche
che nessuno vuole!!! che nessuno vuole!!!
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Con la strategia Rifiuti Con la strategia Rifiuti ZeroZero
Si convertono Si convertono TRETRE tonnellate di tonnellate di rifiuti in:rifiuti in:
1 tonnellata di risorse 1 tonnellata di risorse compostabilicompostabili
1 tonnellata di risorse riciclabili1 tonnellata di risorse riciclabili
ee
1 tonnellata di consapevolezza!1 tonnellata di consapevolezza!
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Messaggio Messaggio all’industria:all’industria:• Se non possiamo Se non possiamo riutilizzarloriutilizzarlo, ,
riciclarloriciclarlo o o compostarlocompostarlo,,• l’industria non dovrebbe l’industria non dovrebbe
produrlo!!!produrlo!!!
• We need better industrial design for We need better industrial design for the 21st Centurythe 21st Century
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Another three reasons why Another three reasons why ZW 2020 is better than ZW 2020 is better than incinerationincineration
Jobs!Jobs!
Jobs !!Jobs !!
Jobs !!!Jobs !!!
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Nuova Scozia (Canada)Nuova Scozia (Canada)
50% dei rifiuti sottratto alle discariche 50% dei rifiuti sottratto alle discariche in 5 anni in 5 anni (Halifax ~ 60%)(Halifax ~ 60%)
1000 posti di lavoro creati dall’aprile 1000 posti di lavoro creati dall’aprile 1996 1996
Altri 2000 posti di lavoro creati in Altri 2000 posti di lavoro creati in industrie che usano i materiali separatiindustrie che usano i materiali separati
Nearly all the separated materials are Nearly all the separated materials are re-used in Nova Scotia’s own re-used in Nova Scotia’s own industries.industries.
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The EconomicsThe Economics
Reuse and repair Reuse and repair makes moneymakes money Deconstruction Deconstruction makes moneymakes money Composting Composting saves moneysaves money (cheaper (cheaper
than landfilling and incineration)than landfilling and incineration) Recycling Recycling saves moneysaves money (cheaper than (cheaper than
landfilling and incineration)landfilling and incineration) If recycled materials are used in local If recycled materials are used in local
industries industries recycling can make a lot of recycling can make a lot of money! money! (i.e. you capture the VALUE (i.e. you capture the VALUE ADDED) ADDED)
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Canberra, AustraliaCanberra, Australia
Passed law “No Waste by 2010”Passed law “No Waste by 2010” Currently over 70% diversion Currently over 70% diversion
(includes construction and (includes construction and demolition waste)demolition waste)
Setting up a Setting up a “Resource Recovery “Resource Recovery Park”Park” to locate all the industries to locate all the industries which can make products out of which can make products out of separated materialsseparated materials
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Burlington, Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USAUSA Has an excellent example of a Has an excellent example of a
REUSE & REPAIR CENTERREUSE & REPAIR CENTER Grosses nearly $ 1 million/yearGrosses nearly $ 1 million/year 27 full-time JOBS27 full-time JOBS Incorporates job training and Incorporates job training and
deconstruction of buildingsdeconstruction of buildings
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UNA BUONA UNA BUONA LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIPAbbiamo bisogno di leader politici e
industriali dotati di
grandi visioni
immaginazione
e …
CHE NON SIANO NOIOSI
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Le persone noiose … Le persone noiose … risolvono i problemi risolvono i problemi nel posto sbagliato !nel posto sbagliato !
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Chi tenta di risolvere il problema A VALLE pensa …
1. UNA TAZZA2. UN SECCHIO3. UNA POMPA A PEDALE 4. UNA POMPA ELETTRICA
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Chi tenta di risolvere il problema A MONTE pensa …
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Un pizzico di Un pizzico di creatività creatività a a montemonte può far può far risparmiare risparmiare milioni milioni a vallea valle
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Esempi di iniziative di Esempi di iniziative di prevenzione dei rifiuti prevenzione dei rifiuti
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ItaliaItalia
In alcuni supermercati Coop In alcuni supermercati Coop vicino a Firenze i clienti possono vicino a Firenze i clienti possono riempire i propri contenitori di riempire i propri contenitori di shampoo, detergenti ecc.shampoo, detergenti ecc.
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Alcune iniziative italiane per la Alcune iniziative italiane per la riduzioneriduzione
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Ontario, CanadaOntario, Canada
L’industria della birra usa bottiglie di vetro riutilizzabili da oltre 50 anni !
• Recupero del 98% (in media usa i recipienti 18 volte)
• Risultato: un risparmio netto per l’industria.
• 2000 posti di lavoro (raccolta, pulizia, ecc.)
• Nessun costo per le amministrazioni locali
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RESPONSABILITA’ RESPONSABILITA’ INDUSTRIALE IN INDUSTRIALE IN AZIONE AZIONE XEROX CORPORATION EUROPEXEROX CORPORATION EUROPE
Recupero di vecchie macchine Recupero di vecchie macchine fotocopiatrici da oltre 16 paesifotocopiatrici da oltre 16 paesi
Raccolte in enormi depositi in Olanda, Raccolte in enormi depositi in Olanda, dove vengono smontate dove vengono smontate
Oltre il Oltre il 95%95% dei materiali viene dei materiali viene riutilizzato o riciclato!riutilizzato o riciclato!
Con un risparmio di Con un risparmio di $76 milioni$76 milioni nel nel 20002000!!!!
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RESPONSABILITA’ RESPONSABILITA’ INDUSTRIALE IN INDUSTRIALE IN AZIONE AZIONE 1)1) Better industrial designBetter industrial design2)2) Clean ProductionClean Production3)3) Extended Producer Extended Producer
ResponsibilityResponsibility
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ConclusioniConclusioni Non abbiamo bisogno di Non abbiamo bisogno di
inceneritori!inceneritori! Esistono alternative Esistono alternative migliori più migliori più sicuresicure,, migliori per migliori per l’economial’economia,, migliori per i migliori per i vostri figli, evostri figli, e migliori per il migliori per il pianeta.pianeta.
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But in Italy there But in Italy there remains a major remains a major obstacle:obstacle:
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THE BAD LAWTHE BAD LAW
Level of corruption
Level of Pollution
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Level of Pollution
Public participation
THE GOOD LAW
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TAX PAYERS $DOLLARS JOBS ENERGY SMALL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
FLEXIBILITY VISION RESOURCES IMAGINATION CREATIVITY COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY
SUSTAINABILITY
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Dio Dio ricicla,ricicla,
il diavoloil diavolobruciabrucia
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The Battle Hymn of The Battle Hymn of GarbageGarbage
Mine eyes have seen the Mine eyes have seen the garbagegarbage
That’s a smoldering on the That’s a smoldering on the grategrate
We must stop incinerationWe must stop incineration
Before it is too lateBefore it is too late
Unless we wish the dangersUnless we wish the dangers
We had better separateWe had better separate
And we must do it now!And we must do it now!
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The Battle Hymn of The Battle Hymn of GarbageGarbage
(Chorus)(Chorus)
We don’t want incinerationWe don’t want incineration
We don’t want incinerationWe don’t want incineration
We don’t want incinerationWe don’t want incineration
We know there’s a better We know there’s a better way!way!
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The Battle Hymn of The Battle Hymn of GarbageGarbage
While we recognize our While we recognize our landfillslandfills
All are swelling with the wasteAll are swelling with the waste
This doesn’t justifyThis doesn’t justify
A bad decision made in haste!A bad decision made in haste!
Let us put our heads together Let us put our heads together
So the problem may be facedSo the problem may be faced
And we must do it now!And we must do it now!
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The Battle Hymn of The Battle Hymn of GarbageGarbage
(Chorus)(Chorus)
We don’t want incinerationWe don’t want incineration
We don’t want incinerationWe don’t want incineration
We don’t want incinerationWe don’t want incineration
We know there’s a better We know there’s a better way!way!
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Extra slidesExtra slides
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Principles of Sound Waste Principles of Sound Waste Management in 21st Management in 21st CenturyCentury Keep solutions SIMPLE, Keep solutions SIMPLE, LOCAL &LOCAL & FLEXIBLEFLEXIBLE FOR THE VERY LARGE CAPITAL FOR THE VERY LARGE CAPITAL
INVESTMENTINVESTMENT 1) Maximize job creation & small 1) Maximize job creation & small
business developmentbusiness development 2) Maximize return of organics to soil2) Maximize return of organics to soil
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Principles of Sound Waste Principles of Sound Waste Management in 21st Management in 21st CenturyCentury 3) Integrate with other aspects of sustainability:3) Integrate with other aspects of sustainability: education;education; agriculture;agriculture; architecture and construction;architecture and construction; energy conservation;energy conservation; industrial design;industrial design; tourism; tourism; community and economic development.community and economic development.
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IncinerationIncineration
Violates nearly all of these Violates nearly all of these principlesprinciples
The The Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 strategy strategy does notdoes not
So what is the So what is the Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 strategy?strategy?
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I rifiuti non sono un I rifiuti non sono un problema tecnologicoproblema tecnologicosono un problema di sono un problema di progettazione industrialeprogettazione industriale